河南省许昌县第一高级中学届高三第12次考试英语试题 含答案.docx
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河南省许昌县第一高级中学届高三第12次考试英语试题含答案
2018届高三第12次考试英语试卷
第一部分:
阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节:
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
A
AyoungmannamedCharlesLyellhaddifferentideas.HewroteabookaboutthemcalledPrinciplesofGeology(地质学).Theearth,accordingtoLyell,wasnotonlythousandsofyearsold,itwasmillionsofyearsold.Asto(关于)thecommonbeliefthatchangesintheearth’ssurfacehappensuddenlybecauseofasingleearthquakeorflood,hesaidthatthismighthappenonceinawhile,butusuallythesechangestookplaceveryslowly.Hebelievedthatthesurfaceoftheearthhadbeenchangingfromthebeginningoftime.Thechanges,hesaid,werecausedbythelong-termactionofthewindsandseas,andbyforcessuchasvolcanoesbreakingoutundertheearth’ssurface.Onceinagreatwhilehethought,amountainmightappearforthefirsttimeafteranearthquake.Butusuallymountainswouldriseslowlyandsteadily.
ProfessorHenslowwasinterestedinLyell’sideas,buthedidnotactuallybelievethem.CharlesDarwincouldnotmakeuphismindaboutthem.Buttheysethimthinkingalonglineswhichwouldlaterchangethebeliefsofthoughtfulpeopleallovertheworld.7AtCambridge,CharlesDarwinstudiedjustenoughtopasstheexamination,andreceivedhiscollegedegreein1831.Duringthistime,hehadbecomemoreandmoreinterestedingeology.Attheendoftheschoolyear,hewenttoNorthWaleswithoneofhisteacherstoexaminetherockformations(构成)andtosearchforfossils(化石).Fossilsaretheremainsofancientlivingthings.Theyareusuallyfoundfixedinrocksintheearth’scrust(地壳).Fossilsmaybeofanimals,suchasfish,insects,birds,orhumans.Theymaybeofplantsfromtinyleavestohugetrees.
Whenalivingcreaturedies,itusuallydecays(腐烂)oriseatenbyanimals.However,ifitsinksintoariverbed(河床)orisquicklycoveredbytheblowingsandsofadesertstorm,thebonesarekeptupintheearth.Overmanyyearsthesoftinnerpartsofabonedisappear,leavingtheinsidehollow(空的).Watercontainingmineralentersintothehollow.Slowlythemineralhardensandmakesthebonehardandheavy,likestone.
1.AccordingtoCharlesLyell,itismainlythattheearthhasbeenformedliketoday’sshape.
A.fromthebeginningoftimeB.pastsomeexperiencesofbigflood
C.overaverylongperiodofyearsD.becauseofseveralbigearthquakes
2.CharlesLyellbelievedthefactthatamountainisformed.
A.morebyseasthanbyvolcanoesB.moreslowlythansuddenly
C.morebyanearthquakethanbywindsD.moresteadilythanquickly
3.ThemainpurposeofDarwin’sgoingtoNorthWaleswasto.
A.makeastudyoffossils
B.appreciatetherockinformation
C.todoresearchworkintodeadanimals
D.lookforplantsfromtinyleavestohugetrees
4.Inwhichorderarefossilsformed?
a.Alivingthingsinksintoariverbedorsands.
b.Watergoesintoabonehollowtogetherwithmineral.
c.Somethingsoftinabonedisappears.
d.Thehardenedmineralmakesthebonehard.
e.Thebonebecomeshollowinside.
A.abcdeB.cabedC.acebdD.ecdba
B
Statistically,airtravelisbyfarthesafestwaytotravel,andyoucanmakeflyingevensafer,justbyfollowingthesesimplerules.Asyourchancesofbeinginvolvedinanairaccidentarepracticallynil(零),manyofthesetipsconcernwhatyoushouldandshouldn'tdotomakeyourjourneysaferwhenyouareairborne(升空的).
Flyonnon-stoproutes
Mostaccidentsoccurduringthetakeoff,climb,descentandlandingphasesofaflight,soflyingnon-stopreducesyourexposuretothesecomplexprocedures.
Chooselargeraircraft.
Althoughsmallaircraftshaveverygoodsafetyrecords,thosewithmorethan30passengerseatsaredesignedtocomply(遵守)withmuchstricterregulationsandaretestedmoreregularlytomakesuretheystillcomply.Also,intheunlikelyeventofaseriousaccident,largeraircraftprovideabetteropportunityforpassengersurvival.
Payattentiontothepre-flightsafetybriefing
Theinformationmayseemrepetitious(重复的),butit'sworthlisteningtotheflightattendants.Andevenifyou'veflownbefore,itdoesn'tmeanyouknoweverythingabouttheaircraftyou'reon,suchasthelocationoftheclosestemergencyexit.
Storethingssafely
Neverputveryheavyarticlesintheoverheadstoragebins.Theymayfalloutwhensomeoneopensthebinandcauseinjury.Also,thebinmaynotbeabletoholdheavierobjectsduringturbulence(气流).
Keepourseatbeltfastenedwhileyouareseated
Cabincrewalwaystellyouthis,butit'simportant.Youwouldbeseriouslyinjurediftheplanehitsunexpectedturbulence.Alwaysfastenyourseatbeltifyouaretoldto.Thegeneralruleofflyingisthis:
Ifyouaretoldtodosomething,doitfirstandaskquestionslater.
Lettheflightattendantpouryourhotdrinks
Flightattendantsaretrainedtohandlehotdrinkslikecoffeeorteainacrowdedaisleonamovingaircraft,soallowthemtopourthedrinkandhandittoyou.Neverasktotakeacoffeepotfromoneofthem.
5.Whatistheoverallreasonfortheseairsafetytips?
A.Whattodointheeventofacrash.B.Howtoavoidturbulence.
C.Howtoimprovesafetywhileyouareflying.D.Howtoavoidinjury.
6.Theunderlinedword"those"inthesecondtiprefersto_______.
A.smallerplanesB.passengersC.largeraircraftD.safetyrecords
7.Theunderlinedphrase"Thegeneralrule"inthefifthtiprefersto_______.
A.anythingtheflightstafftellyoutodoB.generalsafetyadvice
C.walkingaroundtheplaneD.pouringhotdrinks
8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
A.Largerplaneshavemoresafetychecksandaresaferinanaccident.
B.Take-offsaresaferonnon-stopflightsthanlandings.
C.Everyaircraftisdifferent,sothesafetyproceduresmaybedifferent.
D.Seatbeltsshouldbeworntoprotectagainstturbulence.
9.Thebesttitleofthepassageshouldbe_______.
A.TheSafestWaytoTravelB.AirSafetyTips
C.Non-stopRoutesD.HowtoFlyaPlane
C
AnoldfriendfromCaliforniacalledfromtheairporttotellmethathehadarrived.Iwasnotabletoleavetheoffice,butIhadmadeplansforhisarrival.Afterexplainingwheremynewhousewas,ItoldhimthatIhadleftthekeyunderthedoormat(门垫).SinceIknewitwouldbeprettylatebeforeIcouldgethome,Isuggestedthathemakehimselfathomeandhelphimselftoanythingthatwasintherefrigerator.
Twohourslatermyfriendphonedmefromthehouse.Atthemoment,hesaid,hewaslisteningtosomeofmyrecordsafterhavinghadadeliciousmeal.Now,hesaid,hewasdrinkingaglassoforangejuice.WhenIaskedhimifhehadhadanydifficultyfindingthehouse,heansweredthattheonlyproblemwasthathehadnotbeenabletofindthekeyunderthedoormat,butluckily,thelivingroomwindowbytheappletreehadbeenleftopenandhehadclimbedinthroughthewindow.Ilistenedtoallthisingreatsurprise.Thereisnoappletreeoutsidemywindow,butthereisonebythelivingroomwindowofmynextdoorneighbor'shouse!
10.Anoldfriendofminecalled______.
A.totellmetomeethimattheairport
B.totellmeabouthisarrival
C.toaskmetoleavetheoffice
D.toaskmetomakeplansforhisarrival
11.Myfriendclimbedintotheroombecause______.
A.therewasanappletreeoutside
B.thelivingroomwindowwasleftopen
C.hehaddifficultyopeningthedoor
D.hehadn'tfoundthekey
12.Myfriendtelephonedmetwohourslater______.
A.frommyhomeB.attheairport
C.inhisofficeD.frommyneighbor'shouse
D
ThequalityofdrinkingwaterinShanghaiwillmeetEuropeanUnionstandardby2018and,adecadelater,citizensinShanghaiwilldrinkthebestwaterintheworld.
ThesearethegoalssetoutbytheShanghaiWaterAuthority.Withthecity’spopulationexpectedtoincreaseonlyslightlyandtheeconomytoboomby2180,ChenYin,andofficialwiththewaterauthority,saidShanghai’swaterconsumptionwillnotincreasefromitspresentamount.
ZhangYue,directoroftheUrbanConstructionDivisionundertheMinistryofConstruction,said,“Shanghaiisthefirstcityinthecountrytopublicizetheseambitions.Theywillnotbeeasytoachieve.”HesaidwatersavingwillhelpkeepthesustainabledevelopmentofChina’seconomy.
Savingonecubicmeterofwatermeanssavingthecity’sinfrastructure(基础设施)costsby10,000Yuan.Lastyear,Shanghaisaved300millioncubicmetersofwatereitherfromreadjustmentofindustrialstructureortheemploymentofnewtechnology.
“Theaimistoarousepublicawarenessoftheseriousnessofwatershortages,”Chensaid.“Theabundantsurfacewaterandamountofrainofthecityaresomisleadingthattheyresultinimproperuseofwater.”
Shanghailacksdrinkablewater.TheHuangpuRiver,whichsupplies80percentofthecity’sdrinkablewater,isnearingexhaustion.Thecity,therefore,hasbeenexploringnewsourcesfromtheYangtzeRiverandgrowingforestsalongittoconservequalitywater.
Besidespenningregulations,theauthorityispopularizingtechnologyamongthepublictoefficientlycuttheamountofwaterused.
Atpresent,thecityhas600,000familytoilets,eachusing13litersofwaterperflush.Thesearetoberenovated(整修)touseonly9litersofwaterperflush.Theauthorityisrenovatingthefirst200toiletsforhouseholds–atacostof40Yuaneach.Inthreeyears,allthetoiletswillberenovated,whichsavesthecitynearly15millionYuaneveryyearinwaterconservation.Anothertaskthecityisengagedinisthetreatmentofsewage(污水)toimprovethewaterenvironment.Atpresentthecitycanonlytreat44percentofitsdaily5.18milliontonsofwastewater.Tome