河南省许昌县第一高级中学届高三第12次考试英语试题 含答案.docx

河南省许昌县第一高级中学届高三第12次考试英语试题 含答案.docx

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河南省许昌县第一高级中学届高三第12次考试英语试题含答案

2018届高三第12次考试英语试卷

第一部分：

阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节：

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

A

AyoungmannamedCharlesLyellhaddifferentideas.HewroteabookaboutthemcalledPrinciplesofGeology（地质学）.Theearth，accordingtoLyell，wasnotonlythousandsofyearsold，itwasmillionsofyearsold.Asto（关于）thecommonbeliefthatchangesintheearth’ssurfacehappensuddenlybecauseofasingleearthquakeorflood，hesaidthatthismighthappenonceinawhile，butusuallythesechangestookplaceveryslowly.Hebelievedthatthesurfaceoftheearthhadbeenchangingfromthebeginningoftime.Thechanges，hesaid，werecausedbythelong-termactionofthewindsandseas，andbyforcessuchasvolcanoesbreakingoutundertheearth’ssurface.Onceinagreatwhilehethought，amountainmightappearforthefirsttimeafteranearthquake.Butusuallymountainswouldriseslowlyandsteadily.

ProfessorHenslowwasinterestedinLyell’sideas，buthedidnotactuallybelievethem.CharlesDarwincouldnotmakeuphismindaboutthem.Buttheysethimthinkingalonglineswhichwouldlaterchangethebeliefsofthoughtfulpeopleallovertheworld.7AtCambridge，CharlesDarwinstudiedjustenoughtopasstheexamination，andreceivedhiscollegedegreein1831.Duringthistime，hehadbecomemoreandmoreinterestedingeology.Attheendoftheschoolyear，hewenttoNorthWaleswithoneofhisteacherstoexaminetherockformations（构成）andtosearchforfossils（化石）.Fossilsaretheremainsofancientlivingthings.Theyareusuallyfoundfixedinrocksintheearth’scrust（地壳）.Fossilsmaybeofanimals，suchasfish，insects，birds，orhumans.Theymaybeofplantsfromtinyleavestohugetrees.

Whenalivingcreaturedies，itusuallydecays（腐烂）oriseatenbyanimals.However，ifitsinksintoariverbed（河床）orisquicklycoveredbytheblowingsandsofadesertstorm，thebonesarekeptupintheearth.Overmanyyearsthesoftinnerpartsofabonedisappear，leavingtheinsidehollow（空的）.Watercontainingmineralentersintothehollow.Slowlythemineralhardensandmakesthebonehardandheavy，likestone.

1.AccordingtoCharlesLyell，itismainlythattheearthhasbeenformedliketoday’sshape.

A.fromthebeginningoftimeB.pastsomeexperiencesofbigflood

C.overaverylongperiodofyearsD.becauseofseveralbigearthquakes

2.CharlesLyellbelievedthefactthatamountainisformed.

A.morebyseasthanbyvolcanoesB.moreslowlythansuddenly

C.morebyanearthquakethanbywindsD.moresteadilythanquickly

3.ThemainpurposeofDarwin’sgoingtoNorthWaleswasto.

A.makeastudyoffossils

B.appreciatetherockinformation

C.todoresearchworkintodeadanimals

D.lookforplantsfromtinyleavestohugetrees

4.Inwhichorderarefossilsformed?

a.Alivingthingsinksintoariverbedorsands.

b.Watergoesintoabonehollowtogetherwithmineral.

c.Somethingsoftinabonedisappears.

d.Thehardenedmineralmakesthebonehard.

e.Thebonebecomeshollowinside.

A.abcdeB.cabedC.acebdD.ecdba

B

Statistically,airtravelisbyfarthesafestwaytotravel,andyoucanmakeflyingevensafer,justbyfollowingthesesimplerules.Asyourchancesofbeinginvolvedinanairaccidentarepracticallynil（零）,manyofthesetipsconcernwhatyoushouldandshouldn'tdotomakeyourjourneysaferwhenyouareairborne（升空的）.

Flyonnon-stoproutes

Mostaccidentsoccurduringthetakeoff,climb,descentandlandingphasesofaflight,soflyingnon-stopreducesyourexposuretothesecomplexprocedures.

Chooselargeraircraft.

Althoughsmallaircraftshaveverygoodsafetyrecords,thosewithmorethan30passengerseatsaredesignedtocomply（遵守）withmuchstricterregulationsandaretestedmoreregularlytomakesuretheystillcomply.Also,intheunlikelyeventofaseriousaccident,largeraircraftprovideabetteropportunityforpassengersurvival.

Payattentiontothepre-flightsafetybriefing

Theinformationmayseemrepetitious（重复的）,butit'sworthlisteningtotheflightattendants.Andevenifyou'veflownbefore,itdoesn'tmeanyouknoweverythingabouttheaircraftyou'reon,suchasthelocationoftheclosestemergencyexit.

Storethingssafely

Neverputveryheavyarticlesintheoverheadstoragebins.Theymayfalloutwhensomeoneopensthebinandcauseinjury.Also,thebinmaynotbeabletoholdheavierobjectsduringturbulence（气流）.

Keepourseatbeltfastenedwhileyouareseated

Cabincrewalwaystellyouthis,butit'simportant.Youwouldbeseriouslyinjurediftheplanehitsunexpectedturbulence.Alwaysfastenyourseatbeltifyouaretoldto.Thegeneralruleofflyingisthis:

Ifyouaretoldtodosomething,doitfirstandaskquestionslater.

Lettheflightattendantpouryourhotdrinks

Flightattendantsaretrainedtohandlehotdrinkslikecoffeeorteainacrowdedaisleonamovingaircraft,soallowthemtopourthedrinkandhandittoyou.Neverasktotakeacoffeepotfromoneofthem.

5.Whatistheoverallreasonfortheseairsafetytips?

A.Whattodointheeventofacrash.B.Howtoavoidturbulence.

C.Howtoimprovesafetywhileyouareflying.D.Howtoavoidinjury.

6.Theunderlinedword"those"inthesecondtiprefersto_______.

A.smallerplanesB.passengersC.largeraircraftD.safetyrecords

7.Theunderlinedphrase"Thegeneralrule"inthefifthtiprefersto_______.

A.anythingtheflightstafftellyoutodoB.generalsafetyadvice

C.walkingaroundtheplaneD.pouringhotdrinks

8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Largerplaneshavemoresafetychecksandaresaferinanaccident.

B.Take-offsaresaferonnon-stopflightsthanlandings.

C.Everyaircraftisdifferent,sothesafetyproceduresmaybedifferent.

D.Seatbeltsshouldbeworntoprotectagainstturbulence.

9.Thebesttitleofthepassageshouldbe_______.

A.TheSafestWaytoTravelB.AirSafetyTips

C.Non-stopRoutesD.HowtoFlyaPlane

C

AnoldfriendfromCaliforniacalledfromtheairporttotellmethathehadarrived.Iwasnotabletoleavetheoffice,butIhadmadeplansforhisarrival.Afterexplainingwheremynewhousewas,ItoldhimthatIhadleftthekeyunderthedoormat（门垫）.SinceIknewitwouldbeprettylatebeforeIcouldgethome,Isuggestedthathemakehimselfathomeandhelphimselftoanythingthatwasintherefrigerator.

Twohourslatermyfriendphonedmefromthehouse.Atthemoment,hesaid,hewaslisteningtosomeofmyrecordsafterhavinghadadeliciousmeal.Now,hesaid,hewasdrinkingaglassoforangejuice.WhenIaskedhimifhehadhadanydifficultyfindingthehouse,heansweredthattheonlyproblemwasthathehadnotbeenabletofindthekeyunderthedoormat,butluckily,thelivingroomwindowbytheappletreehadbeenleftopenandhehadclimbedinthroughthewindow.Ilistenedtoallthisingreatsurprise.Thereisnoappletreeoutsidemywindow,butthereisonebythelivingroomwindowofmynextdoorneighbor'shouse!

10.Anoldfriendofminecalled______.

A.totellmetomeethimattheairport

B.totellmeabouthisarrival

C.toaskmetoleavetheoffice

D.toaskmetomakeplansforhisarrival

11.Myfriendclimbedintotheroombecause______.

A.therewasanappletreeoutside

B.thelivingroomwindowwasleftopen

C.hehaddifficultyopeningthedoor

D.hehadn'tfoundthekey

12.Myfriendtelephonedmetwohourslater______.

A.frommyhomeB.attheairport

C.inhisofficeD.frommyneighbor'shouse

D

ThequalityofdrinkingwaterinShanghaiwillmeetEuropeanUnionstandardby2018and,adecadelater,citizensinShanghaiwilldrinkthebestwaterintheworld.

ThesearethegoalssetoutbytheShanghaiWaterAuthority.Withthecity’spopulationexpectedtoincreaseonlyslightlyandtheeconomytoboomby2180,ChenYin,andofficialwiththewaterauthority,saidShanghai’swaterconsumptionwillnotincreasefromitspresentamount.

ZhangYue,directoroftheUrbanConstructionDivisionundertheMinistryofConstruction,said,“Shanghaiisthefirstcityinthecountrytopublicizetheseambitions.Theywillnotbeeasytoachieve.”HesaidwatersavingwillhelpkeepthesustainabledevelopmentofChina’seconomy.

Savingonecubicmeterofwatermeanssavingthecity’sinfrastructure（基础设施）costsby10,000Yuan.Lastyear,Shanghaisaved300millioncubicmetersofwatereitherfromreadjustmentofindustrialstructureortheemploymentofnewtechnology.

“Theaimistoarousepublicawarenessoftheseriousnessofwatershortages,”Chensaid.“Theabundantsurfacewaterandamountofrainofthecityaresomisleadingthattheyresultinimproperuseofwater.”

Shanghailacksdrinkablewater.TheHuangpuRiver,whichsupplies80percentofthecity’sdrinkablewater,isnearingexhaustion.Thecity,therefore,hasbeenexploringnewsourcesfromtheYangtzeRiverandgrowingforestsalongittoconservequalitywater.

Besidespenningregulations,theauthorityispopularizingtechnologyamongthepublictoefficientlycuttheamountofwaterused.

Atpresent,thecityhas600，000familytoilets,eachusing13litersofwaterperflush.Thesearetoberenovated（整修）touseonly9litersofwaterperflush.Theauthorityisrenovatingthefirst200toiletsforhouseholds–atacostof40Yuaneach.Inthreeyears,allthetoiletswillberenovated,whichsavesthecitynearly15millionYuaneveryyearinwaterconservation.Anothertaskthecityisengagedinisthetreatmentofsewage（污水）toimprovethewaterenvironment.Atpresentthecitycanonlytreat44percentofitsdaily5.18milliontonsofwastewater.Tome