专业四级考前恶补阅读完型.docx

专业四级考前恶补阅读完型.docx

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专业四级考前恶补阅读完型

专业四级考前恶补--阅读完型

PART Ⅰ

Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldcorrectlycompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.MarkthecorrectchoiceforeachblankonyourANSWERSHEET.TheUnitedStatesiswell-knownforitsnetworkofmajorhighwaysdesignedtohelpadrivergetfromoneplacetoanotherintheshortestpossibletime.___1___thesewidemodernroadsaregenerally___2___ andwellmaintained,with___3___ sharpcurvesandstraightsections,adirectrouteisnotalwaysthemost___4___ one.Largehighwaysoftenpass___5___ scenicareasandinterestingsmalltowns.Furthermore,thesehighwaysgenerally___6___ largeurbancenters,whichmeansthattheybecomecrowdedwith___7___ trafficduringrushhours,___8___ the“fast,direct”routebecomesaveryslowroute.However,thereisalmostalwaysanotherroutetotake___9___ youarenotinahurry.Notfarfromthe___10___ new“superhighways”,thereareoftenolder,___11___ heavilytraveledroadswhichgothroughthecountryside.___12___ ofthesearegoodtwo-laneroads;othersareunevenroadscurvingthroughthecountry.Thesesecondaryroutesmaygoupsteepslopes,alonghigh___13___,ordownfrighteninghillsidetotowns___14___ indeepvalleys.Throughtheselessdirectroutes,longerandslower,theygenerallygotoplaces___15___ theairiscleanandsceneryisbeautiful,andthedrivermayhaveachancetogetafresh,cleanviewoftheworld.

1.A.Although  B.Since C.Because  D.Therefore

2.A.stable B.splendid  C.smooth D.complicated

3.A.little B.few C.much D.many

4.A.terribleB.possible  C.enjoyableD.profitable

5.A.to B.into C.over D.by

6.A.lead B.connectC.collect D.communicate

7.A.large B.fast C.high D.heavy

8.A.when B.for C.but D.that

9.A.unless B.if C.as D.since

10.A.relatively  B.regularlyC.respectivelyD.reasonably

11.A.and B.less C.more D.or

12.A.All B.SeveralC.Lots D.Some

13.A.rocks B.cliffs  C.roadsD.paths

14.A.lying B.laying C.laid D.lied

15.A.thereB.when C.whichD.where

PART Ⅱ

SECTION A READINGCOMPREHENSION［25MIN.］

Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyfifteenquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthecorrectanswer.

MarkyourchoiceonyourANSWERSHEET.

TEXTA

  Beforethemid1860’s,theimpactoftherailroadsintheUnitedStateswaslimited,inthesensethatthetracksendedatthisMissouriRiver,approximatelythecenterofthecountry.Atthepointthetrainsturnedtheirfreight,mail,andpassengersovertosteamboats,wagons,andstagecoaches.Thismeantthatwagonfreighting,stagecoaching,andsteamboatingdidnotcometoanendwhenthefirsttrainappeared;rathertheybecamesupplementsorfeeders.Eachnew“endoftrack”becameacenterforanimaldrawnorwaterbornetransportation.Themajoreffectoftherailroadwastoshortenthedistancethathadtobecoveredbytheolder,slower,andmorecostlymeans.Wagonfreighterscontinuedoperatingthroughoutthe1870’sand1880’sandintothe1890’s.Althoughoverconstantlyshrinkingroutes,andcoachesandwagonscontinuedtocrisscrosstheWestwherevertherailshadnotyetbeenlaid.Thebeginningofamajorchangewasforeshadowedinthelater1860’s,whentheUnionPacificRailroadatlastbegantobuildwestwardfromtheCentralPlainscityofOmahatomeettheCentralPacificRailroadadvancingeastwardfromCaliforniathroughtheformidablebarrieroftheSierraNevada.AlthoughPresidentAbrahamLincolnsignedtheoriginalPacificRailroadbillin1862andarevised,financiallymuchmoregenerousversionin1864,littleconstructionwascompleteduntil1865ontheCentralPacificand1866ontheUnionPacific.TheprimaryreasonwasskepticismthataRailroadbuiltthroughsochallengingandthinlysettledastretchofdesert,mountain,andsemiaridplaincouldpayaprofit.Inthewordsofaneconomist,thiswasacaseof“prematureenterprise”,wherenotonlythecostofconstructionbutalsotheveryhighriskdeterredprivateinvestment.IndiscussingthePacificRailroadbill,thechairofthecongressionalcommitteebluntlystatedthatwithoutgovernmentsubsidynoonewouldundertakesounpromisingaventure;yetitwasanationalnecessitytolinkEastandWesttogether.

16. Theauthorreferstotheimpactofrailroadsbeforethelate1860’sas“limited”because____.

A. thetrackdidnottakethedirectroutefromonecitytothenext

B.passengersandfreighthadtotransfertoothermodesoftransportationtoreachwesterndestinations

C.passengerspreferredstagecoaches

D.railroadtravelwasquiteexpensive 

17. Whatcanbeinferredaboutcoachesandwagonfreightersastherailroad expanded?

A.  Theydevelopedcompetingroutes.

B.Theirdriversrefusedtoworkfortherailroads.

C.Theybegantospecializeinprivateinvestment.

D.Therewereinsufficientnumbersoftrainedpeopletooperatethem. 

18. WhydoestheauthormentiontheSierraNevadainline17?

A. ToarguethatamoredirectroutetotheWestcouldhavebeentaken.

B.ToidentifyahistoricallysignificantmountainrangeintheWest.

C.Topointoutthelocationofaserioustrainaccident.

D.Togiveanexampleofanobstaclefacedbythecentralpacific.  

19. Theword“subsidy”inline27isclosestinmeaningto _____.

A.persuasionB.financingC.explanationD.penalty

TEXTB

  Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber.Alllivingcreature,especiallyhumanbeings,havetheirpeculiarities,buteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutabizarreanimalthat,amongothereccentricities,eatsmud,feedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiods,andcanbepoisonousbutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets?

Forsomefiftymillionyears,despiteallitseccentricities,theseacucumberhassubsistedonitsdietofmud.Itisadaptableenoughtoliveattachedtorocksbyitstubefeet,underrocksinshallowwater,oronthesurfaceofmudflats.CommonincoolwateronbothAtlanticandPacificshores,ithastheabilitytosuckupmudorsandanddigestwhatevernutrientsarepresent.Seacucumberscomeinavarietyofcolors,rangingfromblacktoreddishbrowntosandcolorandnearlywhite.Oneformevenhasvividpurpletentacles.Usuallythecreaturesarecucumbershaped—hencetheirname—andbecausetheyaretypicallyrockinhabitants,thisshape,combinedwithflexibility,enablesthemtosqueezeintocreviceswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents.Althoughtheyhavevoraciousappetites,eatingdayandnight,seacucumbershavethecapacitytobecomequiescentandliveatalowmetabolicrate—feedingsparinglyornotatallforlongperiods,sothatthemarineorganismsthatprovidetheirfoodhaveachancetomultiply.Ifitwerenotforthisfaculty,theywoulddevourallthefoodavailableinashorttimeandwouldprobablystarvethemselvesoutofexistence.Butthemostspectacularthingabouttheseacucumberisthewayitdefendsitself.Itsmajorenemiesarefishandcrabs,whenattacked,itsquirtsallitsinternalorgansintowater.Italsocastsoffattachedstructuressuchastentacles.Theseacucumberwilleviscerateandregenerateitselfifitisattackedoreventouched;itwilldothesameifthesurroundingwatertemperatureistoohighorifthewaterbecomestoopolluted.

20. Accordingtothepassage,whyistheshapeofseacucumbersimportant?

A.Ithelpsthemtodigesttheirfood.

B.Ithelpsthemtoprotectthemselvesfromdanger.

C.Itmakesiteasierforthemtomovethroughthemud.

D.Itmakesthemattractivetofish.

21. Thefourthparagraphofthepassageprimarilydiscusses____.

A.thereproductionofseacucumbers

B.thefoodsourcesofseacucumbers

C.theeatinghabitsofseacucumbers

D.threatstoseacucumbers’existence

22. Whatcanbeinferredaboutthedefencemechanismsoftheseacucumber?

A.Theyareverysensitivetosurroundingstimuli.

B.Theyarealmostuseless.

C.Theyrequiregroupcooperation.

D.Theyaresimilartothoseofmostseacreatures.

23. WhichofthefollowingwouldNOTcauseaseacucumbertoreleaseits

internal  organsintothewater?

A.Atouch. B.Food.

C.Unusuallywarmwater. D.Pollution. 

TEXTC

  Humanbeingshaveusedtoolsforaverylongtime.Insomepartsoftheworldyoucanstillfindtoolsthatpeopleusedmorethantwomillionyearsago.Theymadethesetoolsbyhittingonestoneagainstanother.Inthisway,theybrokeoffpiecesfromoneofthestones.Thesechipsofstonewereusuallysharpononeside.Peopleusedthemforcuttingmeatandskinfromdeadanimals,andalsoformakingothertoolsoutofwood.Humanbeingsneededtousetoolsbecausetheydidnothavesharpteethlikeothermeateatinganimals,suchaslionsandtigers.Toolshelpedpeopletogetfoodmoreeasily.Workingwithtoolsalsohelpedtodevelophumanintelligence.Thehumanbraingrewbigger,andhumanbeingsbegantoinventmoreandmoretoolsandmachines.Thestonechipwasoneofthefirsttoolsthatpeopleused,andperhapsitisthemostimportant.Somescientistssaythatitwasthekeytosuccessofmankind.Since1960anewkindoftoolhasappeared.Thisisthesiliconchip—alittlechipofsiliconcrystal.Itissmallerthanafingernail,butitcanstoremorethanamillion“bits”ofinformation.Itisanelectron