广义宇宙相对论的英文稿.docx

广义宇宙相对论的英文稿.docx

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广义宇宙相对论的英文稿

GeneralUniverseTheoryofRelativity

Abstract:

Thispaperprobesintosomeproblemsconcerninggravitationalattraction（oruniversalgravitation）,Coulombforce,nuclearforceandthefrequencyofelectromagneticwavecausedbyobjects’（particles’）relativemotion（regardlessofitsvelocity）andholdsthatwhenobjects（particles）areinrelativemotion,graviton,photons,andallotherkindsofenergycarriersarestillinrelativemotionatgreatvelocity.Theresultsofthisresearchindicate:

relativemotioncanonlygiverisetochangesin“force,frequency,imageandotherphysicalparameters”ratherthanchangesinmass.ThistheorytakesmorefactorsintoconsiderationthanthetheoriesfromI.NewtonandfromTheoryofRelativityofA.Einstein.Tomakeitclearer,thistheorytakesintoconsiderationtherelativemotionofenergycarriersmovingatgreatvelocitybetweenmobiles,andtheenergycarriers’velocitylimit’sinfluenceonthevariationalregularityofmobiles’variousphysicalquantity.Basedonthis,theauthorofthispaperputsforwardtheprincipleofGeneralUniverseTheoryofRelativity.Supportedbyplentyofdatafromexperimentsonrelativemotion,theauthorgeneralizesthebasiclawofnaturesharedbygravitationalattraction,Coulombforce,nuclearforce,frequencyofelectromagneticwaveandimagesthatarecausedbyrelativemotion.Fromthis,aseriesofnewformulashavebeenderived.Atthesametime,somecrucialproblemsonhowtoaccuratelymeasuretheinstantaneousvelocityofelectrons’orbitinginsidetheatomsofvariouselementsandproblemsonorbitradiusaresettledinthispaper.Inaddition,accuratemeasurementisachievedintheinstantaneousvelocityandorbitradiusofelectrons’motioninhydrogenatoms,heliumionsandheliumatoms.Thistheorycansatisfactorilyinterpretalltheresultsofthephysicalexperimentsandastronomicalobservationsthehumanbeingshavedoneinthepast100yearsandtheconclusionssoundreasonableinaccordancewithtraditionalphilosophy.

Keywords:

relativemotion,energycarrier,velocitylimit,force,frequency

1:

Preface

In1905,basedonaberrationphenomenon,（A.L.Fizeau）FizeauExperimentandMichelson-Morleyexperiment,A.Einsteingaveuptheethertheoryandthehypothesisofabsolutelystillframeofreference.Heputforwardtwofundamentalsofspecialtheoryofrelativity:

PrincipleofRelativityandPrincipleofInvariableVelocityofLight.Supportedbythis,A.Einsteindeducedanewspace-timecoordinatestransformer---Lorentztransformer.Afterhefoundedspecialtheoryofrelativity,hebecameawareofthelimitofthetheory,namely,allthetheorywaslimitedwithintheinertiareferencesystem.Inordertoextendhisprinciplesofrelativitytoarbitraryreferencesystems,headvancedthehypothesisofgeneralrelativityand“PrincipleofEqualEffects”in1915,andthuswasfoundedtheGeneralTheoryofRelativity.

TheTheoryofRelativityofEinsteinsolvedalotofproblemsinI.Newton’stheory,butatthesametime,newproblemscametotheforewiththetheory,thegreatestofwhichiswhatiscalled“singularpoint”.Besides,histheorygoesagainstthetraditionalphilosophy.

SomefallaciousinfinityinNewton’stheoryaccountsforitsbeingnolongerapplicableincertainconditions.Theinevitable“singularpoint”ofTheoryofRelativityshowsthatEinstein’stheoryofrelativityalsohasitslimitations.A.Einsteinhimselfheldthesameopinionaboutthe“singularpoint”inhislastyears.Decadespassedbywithoutanyfundamentalbreakthroughalthoughscoresofinsightfulelitesdidalotofworkonit.

Actually,thestartingpointforEinsteintofoundhisTheoryofRelativityisindisputablyright.Allthetheorywasdominatedbysuchanewidea:

thelawofchangesinvariousphysicalquantitybetweenobjectsinrelativestillnessdoesdiffermoreorlessfromthatbetweenobjectsinrelativemotion,andthereshouldbeanewtheoryandanewformulawhichtakesintoconsiderationthefactorsofrelativemotion.

ThoughEinsteintookintoaccountonemorefactorthanNewton---thefactorofrelativemotionbetweenobjects,yet,hestilloverlookedacrucialfactor---whenobjectsaremovingrelatively,energycarriersarealsoinastateofrelativemotionatgreatvelocity.Inotherwords,TheoryofRelativityfailedtosettletheproblemsaboutthelawofchangesinvariousphysicalquantitycausedbytherelativemotionofenergycarriersanditsvelocitylimit.

Asaresult,Einsteindrewsuchaconclusion:

relativemotionwillgiverisetochangesinthemassofanobject.Thereupon,manyproblemsthatarehardtoimagine,hardtovalidate,hardtobelieve,andmanyproblemsthatruncontrarytotraditionalphilosophyprinciplesarefoundinTheoryofRelativity.

Imaginationisundoubtedlyimportant,butitshouldbesubordinatedtoexperiments,anyway.Physicsinessenceisakindofexperimentalscience.Withoutexperiments,physicswillnotbephysicsinthetruesense.Inordertobringforwardasystemictheory,Icollectedawealthofdatafromphysicalexperimentsandsomeastronomicalrecordswhichourprecedingscholarshaveleftforusinthepastaround100years.Suchasthefollowing:

①Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,Hungarianscientistsheadedby罗兰德·冯·埃特伏斯spent20yearsexperimentingonfreefallingobjectsandfoundoutthatdifferentsubstanceshavedifferentaccelerationofgravity.[2]②In1975,aBritishphysicistfoundthattheincreaseinvelocityofwhirlingwouldleadtogradualdecreaseinweightofobjectswhenhewasexperimentingwithagyrator[3].③Whenelectrifiedparticlewasacceleratedinaccelerator,thetopvelocityoftheparticlescouldriseupclosetothatoflight,butitsvelocitycouldneverequal,letalonesurpassthatoflightC[4].④OlbersParadox（luminosityparadox）[5].⑤ＳeeligerParadox（gravitationparadox）[6].⑥Radiationoftheuniversebackground[7].⑦ThephenomenonofperihelionprecessionofMercury[8].⑧Thephenomenonofdeflectionoflightrays[9][10].⑨TheEinsteinshiftphenomenonofheavenlybodies’spectrum[11].⑩ThephenomenonofUFO[12].Becauseoftheexistingproblemsstatedabove,theauthorofthispaperadvancesanewtheoryheretointerpretthemallandexpectsthatthetheorywouldbevalidatedandprovedinfutureexperiments.

2:

ThePrincipleofGeneralUniverseTheoryofRelativity

2.1:

BasicNotion

Intheuniverse,motioniseternal,whilestillnessisrelative.Thevelocitylimitoftheobjects’motiondependsonthevelocitylimitoftheenergycarriers.Thefactthatrelativemotiondoesexistandthefactthatthevelocityofpropagationofenergycarriershasalimitresultinthedifferenceinthelawofchangesinvariousphysicalquantitiesofobjectswhentheyareinrelativestillnessorinrelativemotion.Ifthevelocityofpropagationofenergycarriersisinfinite（C─∞）,thenintheuniverse（thenature）therewouldbenodifferenceinthelawofchangesofvariousphysicalquantitiesofobjectsinrelativestillnessorinrelativemotion.Butintermsofthemotionofthemicrocosmicobjectsandmacroobjectsthatcanbeobservedinthenature,first,thereismorethanonekindofenergycarrierinthenature,andthevalueofthevelocitylimitofeachkindofenergycarriersisdifferent.Secondly,thevelocitylimitsofobjects’motiondrivenbydifferentenergycarriersaredifferent,andalltheobjects’motionsharesthesamevelocitylimitasenergycarriers.

Whenobjectsareinastateofmotionrelativetoeachother,energycarriersarealsomovingrelativelybetweenthematgreatvelocity.So,thispaperfocusesonthenewtheoryaboutthelawofchangesofvariousphysicalquantitiesofmobilescausedbytwoormorethantwokindsofcomplicatedrelativemovementsofasinglehappening.

2.2:

Space-timeOutlook

Itisimpossibletomakeanyresearchonthelawofphysicalchangeswithoutdueattentiontotimeandspace,norisitpossibletodescribethelawofacertainphysicalphenomenonwithoutarelativeframeofreference.TheGeneralUniverseTheoryofRelativityholdsthat:

timeisunconditional;itisalwayslapsinguniformlyregardlessofthehumanbeings’preferenceorindifference.Spaceisalsounconditional;itsexistencedoesnotdependonthevelocityofrelativemotionofobjects.Spaceandtimehavenodirectrelationbetweenthemselves.Theirrelationisbuiltuponlywhenwemakesomeresearchontheobjects’motion,theoccurrenceanddevelopmentofanincidentoronlywhenobjectsmoveinspace.

2.3:

ThePrincipleofGeneralUniverseTheoryofRelativity

Inboththemacroworldandthemicrocosmicworld,whenobjectsareinastateofrelativestillness,thevariousphysicalquantitiesexistingbetweenthemareinthemaximalvalue（suchasthegravitationalattraction,Coulombforce,nuclearforce,images,frequencyoflightwave）.Theincreaseinthevelocityofrelativemotionbetweenobjectswillresultinproportionaldecreaseineachofthephysicalquantities.Whenthevelocityofrelativemotionreachesacertaincriticalvalue,eachofthephysicalquantitieswillfalltozero.Onthecontrary,thedecreaseofthevelocityofrelativemotionbetweenobjectswillgiverisetoproportionalaugmentationofeachphysicalquantitiesandwhenthevelocityofrelativemotionfallsclosetozero,eachofthephysicalquantitieswillriseclosetotheirmaximalvalue.Thus,themathematicalexpressionofthePrincipleofGeneralUniverseTheoryofRelativityshouldbe:

Intheexpression,Gv＝0——isintendedtomeanthemaximalvalueofacertainphysicalquantitywhenobjectsareinastateofrelativestillness（suchasthegravitationalattraction,Coulombforce,nuclearforce,images,frequencyoflig