物流配送外文文献及翻译.docx

物流配送外文文献及翻译.docx

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物流配送外文文献及翻译

1.INTRODUCTION

Logisticsisnormallyconsideredasnothingmorethangettingtherightproducttotherightplaceattherighttimefortheleastcost.Facedwitharapidlychangingenvironment,revolutionarychangesintechnology,continuedgovernmentderegulation,theshorteningofproductlifecycle,proliferationofproductlinesandshiftsintraditionalmanufacturer-retailerrelationships,manyorganisationshavehadtorethinktheirtraditionalassumptions.

Overthelasttenyearsoneofthemostsignificantchangesinmanagementthinkingwastheemphasisonthesearchforstrategiesthatwillprovidesuperiorvalueincompetition.Logisticsmanagementhasthepotentialtoassisttheorganisationintheachievementofbothacost/productivityadvantageandavalueadvantage.Theimportanceoflogisticsanditsintegrationinthesupplychainwasarguedby.

Chinaisahugeconsumermarketthataccountedforathirdofglobaleconomicgrowthoverthepastthreeyears.Itsdevelopmentspeedandpotentialcannotbeignoredbytherestoftheworld.AsaresultofChina’sinternalandexternaleconomicattributes,mostoftheglobalconsumerbrandshaveestablishedoperationsthere.Inparticularintheautomobileindustry,manyoftheleadingglobalOEMsincludingHonda,Toyota,GeneralMotors,VolkswagenandFordhaveestablishedjoint-venturepartnershipswithlocalcarmanufacturers.AutosalesinChinaroseby76%intheyeartoJuly2003andby2011,ChinaisexpectedtosurpassJapantobecometheworld’ssecondlargestautomarket.InordertocompeteintheChinesemarketshareandsatisfyincreasingdemand,theseoperationsarecontinuouslyexpandingtheirproductionvolumeswithastonishingspeed.Suchexpansionis,howevercarriedoutinthecontextofalegacyenvironment.

Chinaspansalargegeographicalareawith,inmanyparts,under-developedinfrastructure.Thispresentsachallengetoefficientdeploymentoflogisticsstrategies.Furthermore,theinvolvementofthirdpartylogisticsproviders,favouredbymostglobalOEMs,isanemergentconsiderationinChina.Finally,theconflictsthatinevitablyariseinthejointventurepartnershipsleadtodelaysintheintroductionofwesternlogisticsmanagementexperiencesandmethodsfromtheOEMs.AllthesefactorsincreasethedifficultiesinmanaginglogisticsbyChina’slocalautomakers.

2.TheoveralldevelopmentofforeigndistributionOverview

2.1TheUnitedStatesofmodernlogisticsdevelopment

Twenty-firstcenturyfromthe60sonwards,therationalizationofdistributionofgoodsingeneralarevaluedintheUnitedStatestotakethefollowingmeasures:

First,thewarehousewillreplacetheolddistributioncenter:

Thesecondisthemanagementoftheintroductionofcomputernetworks,ontheloadingandunloading,handling,custody,standardizedoperation,improveoperatingefficiency;Third,thecommonchaindistributioncenterssetuptopromotethegrowthofchain-effective.UnitedStateschainstoreshaveavarietyofdistributioncenters,mainlyinthewholesale-based,retailandwarehouse-typethreetypes.

2.2Japan'smodernlogisticsdevelopment

Onlogisticsanddistributionofwoodwiththefollowingfeatures:

well-developeddistributionchannels,frequent,low-volumestock,logisticsanddistributionreflectsthecommonandsetthetrendsticks,logisticsanddistributioncooperative,theGovernmentplanninginthedevelopmentofmodernlogisticsanddistributionplayanimportantroleintheprocessof.

2.3Europeanmoderndevelopmentoflogistics

CountriesinEurope,especiallyGermany,logisticsreferstotheuser'sordersinaccordancewiththerequirementsofpositionsinthelogisticssub-goodsdistribution,thegoodswillbesenttotheconsigneewithgoodactivities.Germany'slogisticsindustryformedofbasiccommoditiesfromorigintodistributioncenter,fromthedistributioncenter（andsometimesthroughmorethanonedistributioncenter）arriveatthemodernmodeofendcustomers.TraveledinGermany,itcanbesaidofthelogisticsanddistributioninGermanyhasbeenformedtofinaldemand-orientedtothemodernizationoftransportandhigh-techinformationnetworkasabridgetoareasonableR69distributioncenterhubtorunacompletesystem.

2.4themainreasonsoflogisticsindustrydevelopingfasterindevelopedcountries

Relyingonhigh-techtothecoreeconomiesofscaletoallowflexibilitybasedonavarietyofforms.

3、China's3PLenterprisesarefacingamajorobstacletobusiness

3.1ThecurrentsituationofChina's3PL

China's3PLenterprises:

serviceradiusofasmall,lowentrybarriers.Withthegradualwarmingheatlogistics,urbanlogisticsindustryisalsoincreasinglyunitarycoveredbytheimportanceanddevelopment.However,duetohistoricalreasonsinourcountry,thelong-standingemphasisonproductionofalightflow,heavyflowtolighttheideaofthelogistics,distributionofdevelopmentinthenotyetripeatthisstage,thereistheissuemoreprominentinthefollowingtwoaspects:

theservicedeliverydifficulttoplayacentralrole,theprocessofdistributionofthelowlevelofmodernization.

China's3PLcompanieswithforeign3PLcompaniesmainlyinthegapbetweenthethreeaspects:

First,procurementcapacity,andtheotherislogistics,andthethirdiscashflow.Aspectsoflogisticsanddistribution,foreignretailershavedoneverywell,hasasetofefficientlogisticsinformationsystem,whichcaneffectivelyimprovetheinventoryturnoverrate,soastoenhancethereturnonassetsandprofitability.Anddomesticretailersinthisareahasjuststarted,orhavenotyetstarted.

3.2distributioncenterlowertheoveralldistribution,commercialchainfailedtogivefullplaytotheadvantages

Fromourpointofviewtheexistingcommercialretailenterprises,inadditiontosomelarge,well-knowncommercialenterprises,thegeneralcommercial"chain"businessesarenotsetuptheirownlogisticsanddistributioncentersorusethird-partylogisticscenter.Althoughthesecompanieshavealsoestablishedsomeofhisown"chain"stores,butinfactoperatinggoodsstoresdonotdo"unifiedprocurement,unifieddistribution,unifiedbilling,"whichallowssomecommercialretailenterprises,"chain"seemstoexistinnameonly.Theotherhasbeenestablishedintheirownlogisticsanddistributioncentersorusethird-partylogisticsdistributioncenterofcommoditiesincommercialenterprises,theeffectivenessofdistributioncentershasnotbeeneffective,whichinturnaffectedtheprocurementcostofanintegratedchainadvantages,includingoutstandingmanifestedbythedistributioncenterforgoodsdistributionratioofunityisverylow.Uniformdistributionlogisticscentercannotbeachieved,indicatingthestore'scommercialenterprises"unifiedpurchase"didnotmaterialize,ratherthanaunifiedprocurementchainhaslostthecorestrengths.

3.3China'smoreenterprisesarefacingamajorobstacleofthehigherlogisticscost

Wal-Mart85%ofthecommoditiesdistributionthroughthedistributioncenter,inwhich80%isthroughthe"zeroinventory"ofthemorecompleteformofthedistributiondatabase.Wal-Martasaresultoftheuseofthe"Crossdistribution"and"auto-replenishment"ofsupplychaintechnology,sothatgoodsturnoverintheTreasurydownto2days.AndretailenterprisesinChinaareinthe15-30days,whichreflectstheretail,distributionenterprises,underdevelopedlogisticssystem,distributioncostsaretoohigh.RapidexpansionofretailenterprisesinChina'ssizeandspeedintheshorttermiftheycannotformaqualitativeedgeisadangerousspeculation.

Overtheyearsthepracticehasprovedthatthemulti-purposelogisticsdistributioncenter,intensive,low-costsupplyhub,aswellastheuseofinformationtechnologytoreorganizeandupgradetheentireflowofthesupplychainmanagementisthecoreoflarge-scaleretailenterprisesstrategyistosupporttheretailgiantsuper-conventionaldevelopment.Thefaceoflarge-scaleretailanddistributionbusinessesofthemaindistributioncenterlogisticsrequirementsplanning,focusingonhowtoreflecttheintegrationofinformationflowinbusinessflow,logistics,capitalflow,sothattheoperationofretailenterprisestoexpandthelogisticsfortheentireenterprisesupplychaincollaborationnodesandsothatthewholepositiveandnegativetominimizelogisticscostofgoods（includingconsumers,stores,logistics,distributioncenters,headquarters,suppliersandpartners）,andatimelyresponsetosalesdemandandtimelyreplenishment.Thisisalsoalarge-scalecross-regional,multi-format,chainretailenterpriseshavethecapacityofthecorecompetitiveadvantage.

3.4Lackofmodernlogisticsmanagementknowledgeandexpertiseoflogisticspersonnel.

Thisisthethird-partylogisticsindustryinrestrictingthedevelopmentofChina'smostimportantoneofthebottlenecks.Logisticsknowledge,especiallyinmodernintegratedthirdpartylogisticsknowledgeisfarfrombeinguniversal,butthatitsmainbusinessareasistoprovidetransportationandwarehousingservices,notknowthatitisnewtothesetraditionalbusinessintegrationofitsbusinessfieldsFartoosimpletobecomeconnectedwithtransportandstorageofrawmaterials,semi-finishedproductssupply,productionprocess,materialflow,thewholeprocessofproductdistributionservices,ascoverflow,solidlogistics,capitalflow,informationflowisequaltotheintegratedsystemofsystems.

4toenhancecorecompetitiveness,theimplementationofintegratedmanagement

"integratedmanagement"istheoriginalEnglishIntegratedSupplyProcess,referstotheproductionenterprises,office,lifeofanon-corebusinessareasoftheoperationandm