外研社版必修3课文原文及中文翻译.docx

外研社版必修3课文原文及中文翻译.docx

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外研社版必修3课文原文及中文翻译

Module1Europe

GreatEuropeanCities

Paris

ParisisthecapitalandlargestcityofFrance,situatedontheRiverSeine.Itisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesintheworldandisvisitedbymorethaneightmilliontouristseveryyear.ThemostpopularplacefortouristsistheEiffelTower,thefamoussymbolofParis.Oneoftheworld’slargestartgalleries,theLouvre,isalsolocatedinParis.Thecityisalsofamousforitsrestaurants,cafesandtheatres.Abouttwo-thirdsofFrance’sartistsandwritersliveinParis.

Barcelona

BarcelonaisthesecondlargestcityofSpainandissituatedonthenortheastcoast,aboutfivehundredkilometerseastoftheSpanishcapital,Madrid.OneofBarcelna’smostfamouslandmarksistheChurchoftheSagradaFamilia,whichwasdesignedbyanarchitectcalledAntonioGaudi.Gaudiworkedontheprojectfrom1882untilhisdeathin1926.Thechurchhasn’tbeenfinishedyet!

Florence

FlorenceisanItaliancitywhichbecamefamousbecauseoftheRenaissance,agreatartisticmovementwhichbeganinthe1300sandlastedforthreehundredyears.DuringtheRenaissance,someofthegreatestpaintersofalltimelivedandworkedinFlorence.ManyofFlorence’smostbeautifulpaintingsandsculptureswereproducedbygreatartistssuchasLeonardodaVinciandMichelangelo.Florenceisvisitedeachyearbyaboutamilliontouristswhocometoseetheartgalleries,churchesandmuseums.TheUffizizPalaceisthemostfamousartgalleryinthecity.

Athens

Athens,thecapitalofGreece,isknownasthebirthplaceofwesterncivilization.Twothousandfourhundredyearsago,itwastheworld’smostpowerfulcity.BuildingssuchastheParthenonontheAcropolisHillwerebuiltduringthisperiod.Greece’sbestwriterslivedinancientAthens.Theirworkhasinfluencedotherwriterseversince.

CULTURALCORNER

TheEuropeanUnion

WhatIstheEuropeanUnion?

TheEuropeanUnionisanorganizationofEuropeancountries.Thecountriesareindependentandaregovernedindifferentways.IntheUnitedKingdom,forexample,theheadofstateisakingorqueen.InFrance,ontheotherhand,theheadofstateisapresident.ButeachofthemsendsrepresentativestotheEuropeanParliament,whichhassomecontroloverwhathappensineachofthemembercountries.

HowDidItstart?

TheideaoftheEuropeanUnionbeganinthe1950s.ThefirstmemberswereFrance,Germany,Belgium,Luxembourg,theNetherlandsandItaly.Littlebylittle,thenumberincreasedduringthesecondhalfofthetwentiethcentury.Bytheyear2000,therewere15membercountries.ThenewcountrieswereAustria,Denmark,Finland,Greece,Ireland,Portugal,Spain,SwedenandtheUnitedKingdom.

HowManyCountriesBelongtoItNow?

In2004,theEuropeanUnionincreasedto25members.TheCzechRepublic,Estonia,Hungary,Latvia,Lithuania,Poland,theSlovakRepublicandSlovenia,plustheMediterraneanislandsofCyprusandMaltaallbecamemembers.TheexpandedEuropeanUnionhasapopulationofmorethanhalfabillionpeople,twiceasbigasthepopulationoftheUnitedStates.

Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountries

TheHumanDevelopmentReport

Intheyear2000,147worldleadersagreedtoworktogethertoreducepovertyby2015orearlier.FromthisagreementcametheHumanDevelopmentReport.

OneofthemostimportantsectionsofthisreportistheHumanDevelopmentIndex.Thisexaminestheachievementsof175countries.TheIndexmeasuresacountry‘sachievementsinthreeways:

lifeexpectancy（howlongpeopleusuallylive）,educationandincome.Theindexhassomesurprises.Norwayisatthetopofthelist,whiletheUSisatnumber7.theothertopfivecountriesare:

Iceland

（2）,Sweden（3）,Australia（4）,theNetherlands（5）.TheUKisinthethirteenthposition,whileChinaisinthemiddleofthelist.ThebottomtencountriesareallAfricancountries,withSierraLeone（inwestAfrica）atthebottomofthelist.

ThereportdescribeseightDevelopmentGoals.Themostimportantgoalsareto:

·reducepovertyandhunger;

·makesurethatallchildrenhaveeducationuptotheageof11;

·fightAIDSandotherdiseases;

·improvetheenvironmentofpoorpeople,.makesuretheyhavesafedrinkingwater;

·encouragedevelopedcountriestogivemorehelptoothercountries.

The2003HumanDevelopmentReportgivesexamplesofsuccessfuldevelopment.Forexample,innineyears（1953-1962）,Chinaincreasedlifeexpectancyby13years.InthelasttenyearsinChina,150millionpeoplemovedoutofpoverty.However,theChallengesarestillgreat.Everyday799millionpeopleindevelopingcountriesarehungry.OverhalfoftheseareinSouthAsiaorAfica.Althoughmorethan80%ofchildrenindevelopingcountriesgotoprimaryschool,about115millionchildrenarenotbeingeducated.Morethan1billionpeopleindevelopingcountriesdonotdrinksafewater.However,inotherregionsoftheworld,.EasternEurope,waterisnowmostlysafetodrink.

Thereportshowsthatwearemakingsomeprogressbutthatweneedtomakegreaterefforts.Althoughdevelopedcountriesgivesomefinancialhelp,theyneedtogivemuchmore.Interestingly,thecountriesthatgivethemostmoneyaretheNetherlands,NorwayandSweden.Theseareamongthefiverichestcountriesintheworld,soitisrightthattheyshoulddoso.

CULTURALCORNER

TownTwinning

HowareOxfordintheUKandGrenobleinFrancesimilar?

Well,they’rebothmedium-sizedtownsofbetween100,000and200,000inhabitants.Theybothhaveuniversitiesandindustries.Tourismisimportanttobothofthem,andtheyarebothclosetosomeofthemostbeautifulcountrysideintheregion.Buttheysharesomethingelse:

theyhaveatowntwinningagreement.

Towntwinningisnotanewidea,butithasbecomemorepopularinrecentyearsbecauseit’snoweasiertofindoutaboutandvisitothercountriesandtowns.It’sanagreementbetweentownsorcitiesofsimilarsizeandage,andwhichhavesimilarfeaturessuchastourism,industry,cultureandentertainment.

Towntwinningagreementsencouragepeoplefromthetwotownstovisiteachother.Therearevisitsandexchangesbetweenschools,theatregroupsandsportsteams.Visitorsfromtheforeigntownusuallystayintheprivatehomesofthetowntheyarevisiting.Thereisusuallyabigpartyforthevisitors.

Towntwinningagreementsareperhapsmostusefulforstudentsandpeoplewhowanttopracticespeakinganotherlanguage.Thisisbecauselivingwithaforeignfamilyforoneortwoweeksmeansthatyouhavetospeaktheirlanguage,andasaresultyouimprovefast.

Module3TheViolenceofNature

WhatIsaTornado?

Atornadoisarotatingcolumnofairfromathunderstormtotheground.Themostviolenthavewindsofmorethan400kilometresperhour.AlmostallofthemoccurintheUS,intheareafromTexasinthesoutheasttoSouthDakotainthenorth.

Tornadoescanpickupcars,trainsandevenhousesandputthemdowninthenextstreet–oreveninthenexttown.Theycantakethefuroffthebackofacatandthefeathersoffachicken.Theycandestroyhouses,butleavethefurnitureinsideexactlywhereitwas.

Onaverage,thereare800tornadoesintheUSeachyear,causingabout80deathsand1,500injuries.Theworsttornadoofalltimeoccurredin1925,affectingthreeUSstates:

Missouri,IllinoisandIndiana.Bythetimeitended,morethan700peoplehadbeenkilledand2,700hadbeeninjured.

WhatIsaHurricane?

Hurricanesarestrongtropicalstorms,andtheyusuallyoccurinthesouthernAtlanticOcean,theCaribbeanSeaandtheGulfofMexico.Thereareviolentwindsof120kilometresperhourormore,whichcausehugewaves,heavyrainandfloods.ThereareonaveragesixAtlantichurricaneseachyearandtheyusuallyaffecttheeastcoastofUSfromTexastoMaine.

Theworsthurricanedisasterofalltimeoccurredonthe8thSeptember1900inGalveston,Texas.Windsof200kilometresperhourandfive-metrehighwaveshitthecity.Thedisasterkilled6,000peopleinapopulationof37,000anddestroyed3,600buildings.

AnExtraordinaryEvent

Thisisastoryaboutthe1900Galvestonhurricane.

CharlesCoghlanwasanineteenth-centuryIrishactorwhowenttoliveinCanada.HethenmovedtoNewYork,wherehebecamefamous.Bythe1890s,hehadmovedtoGalveston,wherehediedin1899,ayearbeforethehurricanestruck.ThecemeterywhereCoghlanwasburiedwasdestroyedbythehurricaneandCohglan’scoffinendedupinthesea.

Eightyearslater,thecoffinwasfoundbyfishermenintheseanearhishomeonPrinceEdwardIslandintheeastofCanada.TheGulfStreamhadcarriedit3,000kilometresuptheeasternUScoasttoPrinceEdwardIsland.CoghlantraveledbacktoCanada–afterhehadbeenburiedinTexas!

CULTURALCORNER

EarthquakesAroundthePacific

About400earthquakesoccurworldwideeveryday,morethanahundredthousandinayear.

Chinaissituatedinoneofthemostactiveearthquakeregionsintheworldandtherehavebeenmanyterribleearthquakes.ThemostseriousoftheseoccurredinHuaCountyinShaanxiProvincein1556.theearthquakeaffectedeightprovincesinCentralChina.Itcoveredanareaof800squarekilometers.Insomecommunities,60percentofthepopulationwerekilled.Inall,830,000peoplelosttheirlives.

TheCaliforniaEarthquakeofthe18thofApril1906istheworstearthquakethathaseverhappenedintheUnitedStates.Ittookplaceat5:

15a.m.,andlastedforonlyaminute.However,itcausedtheworstnaturaldisasterinthenation’shistory.

FirescausedbytheCaliforniaEarthquakedidthemostdamage.Thefiresburnedforthreedays,destroyingatotalof25,000buildings.About500peoplewerekilledinthecityofSanFranciscoand250,000werema