汽车起重机大学论文外文翻译.docx

汽车起重机大学论文外文翻译.docx

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汽车起重机大学论文外文翻译

汽车起重机毕业设计外文翻译

————————————————————————————————作者:

————————————————————————————————日期：

本科毕业设计（论文）

外文翻译

译文题目：

使用智能液压缸增加起重机的稳定性　　　

学院:

机电学院　　　　

专　业：

机械设计制造及其自动化　　

学生姓名：

　　　　　XXX　　　　　　　

学　　号:

　　　1２3４５6７８90　　　　　

指导教师：

　　　XXＸ　　　　　

完成时间:

　　２017年３月12日　　　

From:

Ｈitｃhcｏｘ,Alan.　Ｓｍaｒtcyliｎders　staｂiｌizeｃraneｓ[J］.Hyｄｒaｕlics　&Ｐneumatics;Clevelａnd（Ｓep　１2,2013）：

ｎ/a.

Smartcyｌiｎdｅrs　staｂｉlizeｃranｅs

Hitchcoｘ,Ａlan.

ＡSMＩntｅrnａｔiｏnal,PeｎtoｎMeｄia,ＯTPIｎdustrialSoｌuｔions

（fｏｒmerlyOhiｏTranｓmｉｓsion&PumｐCo）

Absｔracｔ:

It's　ｎotunusual　fｏrcrａnestoreａch　100ftｏrmoｒeinｔｏthｅ　aiｒ　atｍａjoｒcｏｎstructionsites．Traditionalｌｙ,　cranes　areｔｒaｎｓpoｒtｅｄ　ｔoaworkarｅａaｎd　ａssemblｅd　on－siｔe.　Moreｒeｃeｎtly，ａs　ｔrucｋ-mountｅdcranesｂecomeｂigger　aｎdmorepowerfｕｌ,they　ｈavefounｄfavor　beｃause　they　areｑuiｃkertｏ　ｓetｕp　ｔhantraｄitionalcranes.Trｕck-mountedｃrａｎｅshave　a　ｔｅleｓcopinghyｄraulicｂoｏmmoｕｎtedonｃommｅrcｉaｌtruck　ｃhassis.　Theｉrpoｒtabilitｙａｎdloｗeｒ　setupcｏsｔshavｅ　lｅdtotｈｅirｗidｅｓpread　usｅatconstrucｔｉon　andutilitysitesarｏuｎd　theworlｄ.Bｕt　aslｏaｄｓgｅtheavier　aｎdlifｔingdisｔaｎcesbｅcomｅhigher,designersoｆｔｒｕcｋ-ｍｏｕnｔedcraneｓ　must　ｐrovidｅｔhestaｂｉｌityｔｏenｓureｔhaｔsａfetｙreｍains　thetｏppriｏrity.

Truck-mounted　craneｓｕｓｅoutｒｉgｇersysｔｅmｓ　ｔoensｕrestaｂｌeｏperatｉoｎ.Theoutｒｉｇgers　extｅnd　fｒom　tｈeｍainboｄyofｔｈetrｕｃkandｃｏntａcttheｇｒoｕndsｅveralfeｅt　awayｆromthｅtrｕck．　Thｉs　distrｉbuｔesthｅｃrａｎｅ＇sｌｏaｄoｖeramucｈlargｅrａrea,ｔhｅｒeｂy　increasingstability．Mａniｔowｏc　ＣｏｍpａｎyInc．,　Manitowoc，　Wｉｓ．,taｋesｔｈisasteｐ　fｕrｔheｒbyｕsｉｎgsmartcｙｌｉｎｄerｓiｎthe　A－fｒameoutriggｅｒsｙsteｍsｏfitsNatｉｏnaｌCｒaneliｎe　of　tｒuｃｋ－mounｔedcraｎes.Thecrａne'shｙdraulicsystｅｍ　isdrivｅnfrom　apowertａkeｏfｆ　ontｈｅ　ｔrｕck＇ｓtｒansｍission.　Ｔhe　cｒaneoperａtｏｒｔhｅｎ　runsaｌlcranefuncｔionｓ　thｒoｕｇｈaserieｓ　of　lｅver-oｐerａｔed　valvesat　acontroｌstation.

TheELAｉsanexｔerｎallymouｎtedＬDTthａtuses　Hａｌl－effect　ｔechｎologｙto　sｅnsetheｌoｃatiｏｎ　ofａ　maｇnｅt　embｅddedｉｎｔｈecｙliｎdｅr＇s　pｉstoｎ　through　thecylindｅr'scａrｂonsteelbaｒｒeｌ.Ａｍｉcｒoｐｒｏceｓsｏrtheｎ　assｉｇｎsanａnaｌog　vｏltaｇｅto　the　maｇneｔ'sｃｏｒrespoｎdｉnｇabsoluteposｉtiｏn.For　ｅxａｍpｌe，ｗhenthe　ｃｙlinｄerisfuｌｌｙ　retraｃtｅd;the　vｏlｔagemaybｅ０.55V．Asｔheｃｙｌｉndeｒ　exｔends，the　voltａgeｇrａduaｌlyｉncrｅaｓｅsuntｉl4.5　Ｖis　ｒeachｅｄaｔｆｕlｌexteｎsiｏｎ.　Acｃurａcｙof　theｔraｎsduceｒｉｓ　ｔｙpicaｌly+-0．5ｍｍ（０.02in．）-ｍoｒe　thａnadeｑuａteｆormostmｏbileeqｕipmｅnt．　Ｔhａtpositioｎis　thensｅnｔto　ｔｈeEＣMandｃoｍpａredtｏｔheｋｎoｗnmaxiｍuｍhoｒiｚｏntaleｘtｅnsion．　Ａftertｈis,aｎindiｃａtiｏnisgiventotｈeｏpeｒatｏｒaｂoutｔheｏutrigger　ｓｔate．Ｔhｅpositionｕpdaｔe　ｈappｅns　wiｔｈin　ｍilliｓeｃonds.

FｕllTｅxt

Iｔ's　nｏtｕnusｕal　foｒｃraneｓｔorｅach1０0ftoｒmoｒeｉnｔｏ　thｅairａt　majorcｏnｓtrucｔionsites.Tradｉtｉｏnally,crａnesaretranｓportedtｏaworkareaandａssemｂledoｎ-siｔe.　Moreｒeｃentlｙ,as　ｔruck－mounｔedcranesbecomeｂiggｅｒａndｍorｅ　ｐowerful，　ｔｈeｙhavefouｎdｆavorbｅcause　theyarｅquickｅrtｏｓｅtuｐthantrａditｉonalｃrａnes．　Truck-mountｅdcraneshave　aｔelescoping　ｈydraｕliｃboomｍounted　oｎcommｅrｃｉａltｒucｋcｈａｓsiｓ.Tｈeｉrporｔabiｌityandlowｅｒsetuｐcostｓ　haｖｅleｄｔotheiｒwidｅspｒeaduse　ａtcoｎstｒｕcｔｉonaｎd　utilitｙｓitｅsａｒｏundtｈｅworld.Buｔasloadｓget　ｈeaviｅr　aｎdliｆtinｇdｉstances　bｅｃomehｉｇher,designerｓ　ｏftruck-ｍouｎtedcｒanesmust　pｒovide　theｓtａbiｌｉｔｙtoeｎｓurethatsafｅｔy　ｒemaｉnsthetoｐｐｒiorｉｔy.

Truck－ｍｏuｎｔｅdcraneｓｕseｏutriggersystemstoenｓuｒestableoｐeｒation．　Ｔｈeoｕtriggeｒsｅxtｅnd　ｆｒomthemaiｎｂodyof　the　ｔruckandconｔａｃtｔhe　grｏundｓevｅrａｌfeet　awayｆｒoｍthe　trｕｃk.　Thisdiｓtribuｔeｓ　thecraｎｅ＇sloadoveｒa　ｍuchｌargｅrarea,　tｈerebyinｃreasinｇstability.Manitowoc　CompanｙInc.，　Manitowｏc，Wis.,takesthiｓastepｆurtheｒ　ｂyusingｓmaｒtcyliｎdeｒsiｎtｈｅA-ｆrameoutriggｅrsysｔemsof　itsNａｔionaｌ　Craｎｅliｎｅｏftrｕck-ｍoｕntedcraｎeｓ.　Thecrａｎe'ｓhydｒauliｃ　ｓystemｉsdrivｅnfroｍapｏｗertakeｏｆf　onthetｒｕcｋ'straｎsｍissiｏn.Theｃranｅoｐｅrａｔoｒｔhen　ｒｕnsaｌl　ｃｒanefuncｔionsthrougｈaseries　oｆ　lｅver-ｏperaｔｅｄvａｌｖｅs　atacｏnｔrol　stａtion.

Aｎimpｏｒtantfuｎctionfｏrliftiｎg,　mｏvinｇ,　and　lowerｉｎgheaｖylｏadsｉs　ｔoeｎsuｒethatoutriggｅrbｅａms　aｒｅpｒopｅrlyposｉtioｎeｄ．Thｅouｔriggerｓ　areattaｃheｄｔｏｔｈeｔruckｆrａmeand　ａrｅextendeddｏｗｎwardbyhyｄrａulic　cylｉndｅrsatanａnｇletocreaｔeａnA-fｒameｓtｒｕcｔｕｒｅｔｈat　iswｉｄeｒａtｉｔsbaseｔhan　atｔhetｏｐ.　Thｉsｐrovidｅｓasｔableｆraｍeｗorktolevelaｎｄsｕｐporttheｌoadeｄａnｄeｘteｎｄedｃraｎe．

Aｄdingｓｍarｔｓto　oｕtｒigｇｅrs

Ｆｏrtｈｅpastseveral　yｅarｓ,NaｔioｎalＣranehａｓadｄｅｄoutrｉggｅr－monitoringsysｔems（OMＳs）toｉtscraneｓ．WｉththeＯMS,operatorsｍｏniｔor　ｔhe　ｈorizontaｌextensｉｏnofthecrａne'ｓoｕｔrｉggｅｒsatacｏntｒｏlstａtion.　TheOＭSｕseｄ　witｈ　A-fraｍeｍodelｃｒａｎesｉncludｅsａnＥLApositioｎ-seｎsｉngｌｉｎear－diｓｐlaceｍent　transduｃeｒ（LＤT）　fromＲｏtａＥngiｎeering，Dallas,aneleｃtrｏniccontrol　moｄuｌe（EＣM）,andｂｉｃｏｌor　ｉｎdicaｔｉonLEDsateachstａｔiｏn.

TheELAisaｎexterｎalｌy　ｍouｎｔeｄLDTｔhａｔｕsｅｓＨall－ｅffecttechｎoloｇytｏsｅnse　tｈeloｃatioｎ　ｏｆamagnetｅmｂｅddedinthecylindeｒ'sｐiｓtｏnthroughthecylindｅr＇ｓ　caｒbonsｔeeｌｂarrel.Amicrｏｐｒocesｓor　tｈｅnassｉgｎｓ　anａｎalogvｏltaｇetotｈemａgnet'scoｒrespondingabsoｌutｅ　position.　Forexａｍpｌｅ，when　ｔhe　ｃylinderｉs　ｆｕlly　reｔｒacted;the　volｔage　maybe0.5５V.　Astｈｅcyｌiｎdereｘteｎds,thｅvｏltagｅgraduallyiｎcrｅａｓes　until４．５V　is　reachｅdatfｕll　ｅxｔensiｏn．Aｃcuracy　oftheｔranｓducｅr　istyｐically　+－0.５ｍm（0.02　in.）-moretｈaｎ　aｄｅqｕate　ｆｏrｍostmoｂilｅｅquipｍｅnt.　Tｈaｔpositiｏnis　thｅnｓenttotheEＣＭaｎdcoｍｐared　totｈｅknowｎmaｘｉｍumhｏｒiｚｏntａｌ　extensｉｏn.Ａｆｔer　ｔｈis,anindiｃatiｏnisgｉvｅntoｔheoｐeratorabｏutthe　outriggerstａtｅ.Theｐoｓitiｏnupdate　haｐｐenswitｈｉnmiｌlisecondｓ．

ＭaｒkHofｆｍａn,　ｏfRota　Engineerinｇ,　pｏｉnｔedouｔthaｔbecaｕsemobileｅquipment　haｓａhuman　ｏpｅrator，pｏsitionfｅedback　fromcyliｎdersｇenｅrallｙonlｙnｅedstobe　ｗiｔhinhuｎdｒeｄｔhｓｏf　aniｎch.　Putsimｐｌy,he　sａysｔhatmａgnｅtoｓtｒiｃtivｅＬDＴsareoｖerkｉll　fｏrmosｔ　ｍobiｌe－eqｕiｐｍeｎt　applｉcａｔiｏns.Hｅ　suggｅｓｔs　ｔhａtaｎ　LDＴwｉthslightly　less　prｅcisiｏn，ｂutsｕbstaｎtｉａllylowｅrcｏst,would　ｅnａｂle　ｄesiｇｎerstopｒovidｅｃylｉｎdｅr　ｐoｓiｔiｏn　ｆeｅdbackmoreoｆteｎ-　ｎotｊusｔｆorｔｈemｏstcriｔicalappｌｉcａtionｓthaｔjustiｆy　hｉghcost．　

Simpleelectroniｃ　dispｌay

The　ｅｌectrｏｎiｃｃontrolｍoｄuleｏnthｅＡ-ｆraｍe　units　seｒvｅsoｎlyto　moｎｉtor　tｈepositionofthe　ouｔｒiｇgｅｒsａｎdproｖｉdeｆeｅdbackｔothｅ　oｐｅrａtor．As　ｔheanaｌogvoltａgefroｍthe　ＥLA　ｔrａｎsducerisrｅａdｉntotheECM,　ｉt　ｓendsａsignaｌｔoａ　setofbiｃolorLEDs-ｏneset　perｏperator'ｓstatiｏn.The　indiｃatｉonsaｖailableaｒｅ:

Rｅd　fｏrsｙstemerror　（senｓor　ｏut　oｆraｎge,ｅlectrｉcａｌ　shoｒt,etc.）.

Ｂlinkｉngredto　indicatｅtheｏperatoｒiｓ　notatａ　valｉdworkiｎg　poｓitｉｏnasdireｃtedｂy　theｏpｅｒaｔiｏn　manｕal.

Greentoinformｔheｏpｅratorthatfuｌｌhｏrｉzontalｅxｔｅnsｉoｎｈas　beｅnaｃcｏmplished.TｈeＥCMcａnbｅcoｎfiguｒedthrｏugｈｔheuseofa　ｓerviｃetooltoａlso　help　dｉａｇnoseaｎyissueｓｒelaｔedｔoｔheOＭＳ．

Madefor　mobｉlｅ

Designeｄfor　ｕsewithmoｂｉlｅ　eｑuipmenｔ，the　EＬＡtransｄuｃer　matchｅｓ　thｉsapplｉcａｔiｏnwelｌbecausｅ　of　severａlpｈysｉcalandinｔｒinsicａttribuｔes.Ｔhｅmｏｓt　imporｔantｏfｔhｅseisthe　aｂilｉｔy　toｍountｔhe　seｎｓor　alongtheexｔｅrioｒofthehydraulｉc　outｒiｇger－cｙｌindeｒbaｒrel．Ａlthoｕｇhｔhe　ｃｙｌindeｒｇainｓaddedfuncｔioｎaｌｉty，in　manycａseｓｉtretainsｔhesａmeformandｆiｔasｔheoriginａlcylinｄer；the　smarｔcylｉnder　isｅssｅntiａｌｌya　ｄroｐ-inrｅｐlacemｅnｔ.Ｔheeｎveｌopｅ　inwhｉｃhｔｈecyliｎderis　moｕnteｄdｏｅs　notｃhange．OnlyａｄditｉｏnａlharｎｅssingandｔheECＭaｒeadded-pluｓ　ｔｈerearｅｍinoｒphｙsｉｃaｌchａngestotheｒearsｔabilｉzｅrｓ.

Thecyｌiｎder　bｏresusedinA-ｆrａmeoｕtrｉｇgersraｎgeｆrｏm３to　4.５　iｎ．Ｓtrokeｓ　maｙbeaslｏngａs　of6６.９in.,ｄependingon　ｌiｆtiｎgcaｐacity.Acｃｏrdｉnｇ　to　Ｈofｆｍan　adｄed，"Eliｍiｎａtingｔｈeexpｅnsｅoｆ　gun-dｒilｌinｇ　ｔhepｉston　rｏdand　mａchiｎｉngtheendcａprｅducesｔhｅcｏstof　cｒeaｔinｇ　ｔhｉsｓｍart　ｃylindｅr.Ｔhe　ｃylinder'sstructuralｉntｅgｒitｙreｍainｓthｅsame,aｎｄｉt　isｅasieｒ　ｔoａssemｂlｅ，inｓtaｌl，　and　serviｃeｔｈaｎcｙlindeｒs　withmagnetostｒictivesensors．"

Othｅr　positｉvｅaｔｔribｕｔｅｓ:

theHall－effeｃt　sensｏｒisnoncontａctfor　longseｒｖiceｌiｆe,its　ｔemperaturｅratinｇishigh,ｉtpeｒfｏrmｓ　welliｎhighshｏck　andｖibratioｎaｐplications，andiｔsａluｍｉｎuｍhｏｕsｉｎg　rｅｓiｓｔsdaｍageｆrｏmｉｍpactandｃorrｏsｉoｎ.Theｅxｔｅrnaｌtrａnsｄｕcｅｒcａｎｂerｅｐlacedin　thｅfｉeｌｄwithouｔ　diffiｃulｔｙ.

Ｃylｉnｄｅrsｃan　besuppliedwithｍagnｅｔsalready　fittｅd,sｏthａｔｉｆtｈｅstroke-senｓinｇｆunction　ｉsｒeｑuiｒedｌａteｒ,tｈe　ｔｒansducer　caneａsilｙbeaｄｄed.Tｈemaｇnetａsseｍｂly　fｏrｔhe　EL　ｔｒａnｓdｕcerｉsdesignedto　matcｈtｈｅ　borｅ　ofthecylindeｒ.　Asｌoｔismiｌlｅdiｎｔothepistｏn　toaccommｏdａｔethｅ　magnｅtassembｌｙ.Service　life　isｎotafactor　becauｓethemａgnｅtａssｅmblyis　madｅoｆthｅsame　qualｉtyas　pisｔoｎ-weaｒ　rings.

Aｄiｆfｅｒenｔkｉndｏｆｌineａrsenｓｏr

ModｅｌELA　liｎeａｒ-ｄiｓｐlacementtranｓｄucers（ＬDTs）　ｕｓeHａll-effect　techｎoｌoｇｙanｄ　mountexternallyto　mobilｅhyｄraulic　cylinｄｅｒs.　Unlikeｏthｅrtｙpｅsofin-cylinderLDTs,tｈey　ｃanbｅｕsedｉnｄｏublｅ-eｎdｅdｃyliｎdｅrs．Thｅy　can　ａlsｏｂeuseｄｅｆfectiveｌyinsｔｅｅrｉnｇ　aｎdlong-strokecylinderｓ,wherｅgunｄｒilｌinｇcanbeｃomecosｔ　pｒohibitiｖｅaｎdareeasilｙ　ｆieｌｄreplaｃeablｅ．

Hａll－ｅfｆect　LDＴｓｃaｎｂemanufａcｔurｅdfoｒｓtrokesexceedinｇ50ftanｄｆoruse20,000　ft　belｏwthｅsurface　oｆtheｏｃeananｄ　ｏtherdｅmandiｎｇ　environments.

Hall-effeｃｔｔeｃhnｏlogy

LDTｓ　frｏｍＲotaEnｇiｎｅeringuｓeamicroproｃessoｒthaｔtｒanｓｍitsandｒecｅｉｖeｓ　signalsｆｒｏmHａｌｌ-ｅfｆect　chipsmoｕntedto　a　printed－cirｃｕiｔ　ｂoarｄ．Theｃircuｉtboａｒdｉscoｎtainedwiｔhinastainleｓｓ-steｅl　oraluｍinuｍ　hoｕｓｉnｇ,ｄepenｄiｎg　ｏnappｌiｃationrｅｑuirements．　Apistｏｎ－mｏunteｄ　magneｔcａuseｓ　ａｖｏltａｇｅ　ｄｒopwhen　ｉtpasseｓｏver　theHａll-eｆfectchｉp.Ｔhｅｍicroproceｓsｏrcａlculatｅstheｐoｓiｔioｎ　oｆthe　Hａll-effectchip　aｎdcorreｌａtesthe　voltａｇｅｄroptoａprｏpｏrｔiｏnal　vｏｌtａge,ｃurreｎｔ,PWM,orCＡNbusoutput.

Hoffmanｅxpｌains，"Hａｌｌ-effectsensｏrs　dｏnot