北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试B卷.docx
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北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试B卷
2008年11月北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试(B卷)
PartIReadingComprehension(30%)
Directions:
Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.
Passage1
Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Notallmemoriesaresweet.Somepeoplespendalltheirlivestryingtoforgetbadexperiences.Violenceandtrafficaccidentscanleavepeoplewithterriblephysicalandemotionalscars.Oftentheyrelivetheseexperiencesinnightmares(恶梦).
(76)NowAmericanresearchersthinktheyareclosetodevelopingapill,whichwillhelppeopleforgetbadmemories.Thepillisdesignedtobetakenimmediatelyafterafrighteningexperience.Theyhopeitmightreduce,orpossiblyerase(抹去),theeffectofpainfulmemories.
InNovember,expertstestedadrugonpeopleintheUSandFrance.Thedrugstopsthebodyreleasingchemicalsthatfixmemoriesinthebrain.(77)Sofartheresearchhassuggestedthatonlytheemotionaleffectsofmemoriesmaybereduced,notthatthememoriesareerased.
Theresearchhascausedagreatdealofargument.Somethinkitisabadidea,whileotherssupportit.
Supporterssayitcouldleadtopillsthatpreventortreatsoldiers’troublingmemoriesafterwar.Theysaythattherearemanypeoplewhosufferfromterriblememories.
“Somememoriescanruinpeople’slives.Theycomebacktoyouwhenyoudon’twanttohavetheminadaydreamornightmare.Theyusuallycomewithverypainfulemotions.”saidRogerPitman,aprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool.“Thiscouldrelievealotofthatsuffering.”
Butthosewhoareagainsttheresearchsaythatitisverydangeroustochangememoriesbecausememoriesgiveusouridentity.Theyalsohelpusallavoidthemistakesofthepast.
“Allofuscanthinkofbadeventsinourlivedthatwerehorribleatthetimebutmakeuswhoweare.I’mnotsurewewanttowipethosememoriesout,”saidRebeccaDresser,amedicalethicist.
1.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.
Aanewmedicalinvention
Banewresearchonmemories
Cawayoferasingpainfulmemories
Danargumentabouttheresearchonthepill
2.Thedrugtestedonpeoplecan____.
Acausethebraintofixmemories
Bstoppeoplerememberingtheirexperiences
Cpreventbodyproducingcertainchemicals
Dwipeouttheemotionaleffectsofmemories
3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_____.
Apeopledoubttheeffectsofthepills
Bthepillwillstoppeople’sbadexperiences
Ctakingthepillwilldoharmtopeople’shealth
DthepillhasprobablybeenproducedinAmerica
4.WhichofthefollowingdoesRebeccaDresseragreewith?
ASomememoriescanruinpeople’slives.
BPeoplewanttogetridofbadmemories.
CExperiencingbadeventsmakesusdifferentfromothers.
DThepillwillreducepeople’ssufferingsfrombadmemories.
5.Theword“scars”inParagraphOneiscloseinmeaningto____.
Agoodstories
Bpains
Cexperiences
Dmemories
Passage2
Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
On-the-jobsmokingisahotissueforbothsmokersandnon-smokers,andmanymanagersnowseesmokingasaproductivityproblem.Althoughsomepeoplequestionwhethersmokingreallyaffectsone’sproductivity,ithas,infact,beenproventhatasmokercostsacompanymorethananon-smoker.AccordingtoProfessorWilliamWeis,asmokingemployeecostshisorheremployerabout$5,700moreayearthananever-smoker.Thesecostsincludemedicalcare,lostearningsandinsurance.Andabsenceduetosmokingbreaksisoneoftheproductivityproblems,yetitaccountsforagreatdealofemployercosts.
(78)Whentheissueofsmokingattheworkplaceisdiscussed,perhapsthemostimportantproblemisthehealthriskthatsmokingcausestobothsmokersandnever-smokers.Ithaslongbeenproventhatsmokingislinkedtolungcancer.Nowmanyhealthexpertswarnthatpassivesmokingcancauselungcancerandotherillnessesinhealthynever-smokers.Passivesmokingcanbedefinedasexposuretosecond-handtobaccosmokeinenclosedareas.Anyonewhohasbeenwithsmokersindeedknowsthattheirsmokecancauseeyeirritation(刺激),coughing,headachesandthroatsoreness.Whileeyeirritationmayseemasmallthingtosomesmokers,itneverthelessisaproblemthatoccurseveryworkdayinofficesandbreak-roomsandcanleadtogreaterhealthproblems.Employeeswhodonotsmokeshouldnotbesubjected(遭受)totherisksofpassivesmokingandneedtobeabletoworkinasafeenvironment.SurgeonGeneralKoopstatesthattherightofthesmokerstopsatthepointwherehisorhersmokingincreasesthediseaseriskofthoseoccupyingthesameenvironment.
6.Allthefollowingcasesareon-the-jobsmokingexceptthat____.
Aanemployersmokeswhileworkingintheoffice
Bataxidriversmokeswhiledrivingthecar
Caworkersmokeswhileworkingintheworkshop
Daworkersmokeswhilereadinginthetrain
7.Accordingtothepassage,on-the-jobsmokingaffectsanemployee’sperformanceintheofficeinthat_____.
Ahecanconcentrateonwhatheisdoingwhilesmoking
Bheoftengoesawayfromhisdesktosmokeinthebreak-room
Cheoftenasksforsickleaveasaresultoftoomuchsmoking
Dhetakesarestfromtimetotimebecauseofeyeirritation
8.Manymanagersdonotseemtobeinfavorofon-the-jobsmokingmainlybecauseit____.
Areducesproductivityofthecompanytoacertaindegree
Bdoesharmtothehealthofnever-smokersofthecompany
Caffectstherelationshipbetweensmokersandnon-smokers
Dmakesthebreak-roomsmorecrowdedandmorepolluted
9.Passivesmokingmeans____
Anever-smokerstakeupthehabitofsmokingunwillingly
Bnever-smokershavetoputupwiththeactivesmokers
Cnever-smokerstakeinsmokereleasedbyalitcigarette
Dnever-smokersshareanenclosedareawithsmokers
10.Inthesecondpartofthepassage,theauthorsuggestsbanningon-the-jobsmokingsoasto____.
Acutdowncostsofmedicalcareandinsurance
Bcreateahealthyandsafeworkingenvironment
Cpreventeyeirritationfrombecomingabighealthproblem
Dimprovethesmokingemployees’workefficiency
Passage3
Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage
ScientistsinIndiahaveinventedanewwaytoproduceelectricity.Theirinventiondoesnotgetitspowerfromoil,coalorotherfuels.Itproduceselectricitywiththepowerofanimals.Indiahasabouteightymillionbullocks(小牛).Theydoallkindsofjobs.Theyworkinthefields.Theypullvehiclesthroughthestreets.Theycarrywatercontainers.(79)Indianenergyofficialshavebeenseekingwaystouselessimportedoiltoprovideenergy.ScientistsattheNationalInstituteforIndustrialEngineeringinBombay(孟买)wonderedwhetherthemillionsofbullockscouldhelp.ManyvillagesinIndialackelectricity,buttheyhavemanybullocks.Andoftentheanimalsarenotworking.Onejobdonebybullocksistopumpwateroutofthewell.Theanimalsdothisbywalkingaroundandaroundinacircle.Astheywalk,theyturnaheavystickthatmakesthepumpmove.Thissimpletechnologyiscenturiesold.Scientiststhoughtthatthesametechnologycouldbeusedtoproduceelectricity.Bullockswalkinacircleonlytwoorthreetimesaminute.Thisismuchtooslowtoproduceelectricity,butitcancreateenoughpowertoturnaseriesofgears(齿轮).Alargegearsitsnexttoasmallergear.Asthelargegearturns,itcausesthesmallergeartoturn.Thatgearturnsanevensmallerone.Eachgearmovesfasterbecauseitisalittlesmaller.Thesmallestgearmayturnextremelyfast.(80)Clocksoperatewithgears.SodocarsandsodoesthedeviceinventedbytheIndianscientiststoproduceelectricity.
AccordingtotheofficialsintheUnitedNations,theideaisbeingtestedatseveralplacesinIndia.Thedeviceiseasytooperateandrepair.Anditcanbemovedeasily.Itcostsaboutthreehundredandsevendollarsnowtomakesuchadevice,butproductionoflargenumbersofthemcouldcutthecostofeachtoabouttwohundreddollars.
11.Whofirstthoughtofusingbullockstoprovideenergy?
AIndianenergyofficials
BScientistsinIndia
COfficialsintheUnitedNations
DResearchersinEurope.
12.WhichkindofjobthatthebullocksdoisNOTmentionedinthepassage?
APullingvehicles
BPlowingfields
CPumpingwateroutifwells
DCarryingfoodbaskets.
13.WhyarebullocksusedtoprovideenergyinIndia?
ABecausebullockshavelongbeenusedbyIndianpeople
BBecausebullockswalkslowlyandareeasytocontrol
CBecausetherearefewnon-workingbullocksinIndia
DBecausethereisnotenoughoilinIndia
14.Inthesentence“Thissimpletechnologyiscenturiesold”inParagraphOne,“Thissimpletechnology”refersto_____.
Ausingbullockstoproduceenergy
Busingpumpstodrawwaterout
Chavingbullockswalkaroundtomakethepumpmove
Dconnectinggearsofdifferentsizestoproduceelectricity.
15.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthedevicementionedinthepassage?
AIthasalargegearandasmallergear.
BIt’seasytouse,butdifficulttomove.
CIt’squitecheap.
DIt’sstillbeingtested.
PartIIVocabularyandStructure(30%)
Directions:
Inthispartthereare30incompletesentences.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.
16.Forthesakeofherdaughter’shealth,shedecidedtomovetoawarm____.
Aweather
Btemperature
Cseason
Dclimate
17.Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.Ifnot,youmayget____byac