全国硕士研究生考研英语二真题及答案详细解析.docx

全国硕士研究生考研英语二真题及答案详细解析.docx

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全国硕士研究生考研英语二真题及答案详细解析

2018年考研英语二真题

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]ontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

　　WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?

Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto_1_uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewill_2_tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill_3_.

　　Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudent’swillingnessto_4_themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone_5_,eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?

Halfofthepenswould_6_anelectricshockwhenclicked.

　　Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified,anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified._7_leftaloneintheroom，thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould_8_.Subsequentexperimentsreproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,_9_thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.

　　Thedriveto_10_isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor_11_orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago,aco-authorofthepaper.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct—itcan_12_newscientificadvances,forinstance—butsometimessuch_13_canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo_14_thingsisaprofoundone.

Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto_15_,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto_16_howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto_17_toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe_18_offollowingthroughonone’scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.“Thinkingaboutlong-term_20_iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity.”Hseesays.Inotherwords,don’treadonlinecomments.

　　1.[A]protect[B]resolve[C]discuss[D]ignore

　　2.[A]refuse[B]wait[C]regret[D]seek

　　3.[A]hurt[B]last[C]mislead[D]rise

　　4.[A]alert[B]tie[C]treat[D]expose

　　5.[A]message[B]review[C]trial[D]concept

　　6.[A]remove[B]weaken[C]interrupt[D]deliver

　　7.[A]When[B]If[C]Though[D]Unless

　　8.[A]continue[B]happen[C]disappear[D]change

　　9.[A]ratherthan[B]regardlessof[C]suchas[D]owingto

　　10.[A]discover[B]forgive[C]forget[D]disagree

　　11.[A]pay[B]marriage[C]schooling[D]food

　　12.[A]leadto[B]reston[C]learnfrom[D]beginwith

　　13.[A]withdrawal[B]persistence[C]inquiry[D]diligence

　　14.[A]self-reliant[B]self-deceptive[C]self-evident[D]self-destructive

　　15.[A]define[B]resist[C]replace[D]trace

　　16.[A]overlook[B]predict[C]design[D]conceal

　　17.[A]remember[B]promise[C]choose[D]pretend

　　18.[A]relief[B]plan[C]duty[D]outcome

　　19.[A]why[B]whether[C]where[D]how

20.[A]consequences[B]investments[C]strategies[D]limitations

　　SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

　　Text1

　　ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.

　　Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenbikechain?

　　AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.

　　Buthe’salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolinthefamilyofvocationaleducation“havethatstereotype...thatit’sforkidswhocan’tmakeitacademically,”hesays.

　　Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica’sevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrightfullyso.

　　Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall—andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless—missesanimportantpoint:

That’snottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneeds.Yes,abachelor’sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.

　　Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren’tequippedtodothem.Koziatek’sManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.

Koziatek’sschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation’sdiversityofgifts.

　21.Abrokenbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents’lackof.

　　[A]practicalability[B]academictraining

　　[C]pioneeringspirit[D]mechanicalmemorization

　22.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho.

　　[A]haveastereotypedmind[B]havenocareermotivation

　　[C]arenotacademicallysuccessful[D]arefinanciallydisadvantaged

　23.wecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates.

　　[A]usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns[B]usedtohavemorejobopportunities

　　[C]arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing[D]areentitledtomoreeducationalprivileges

　24.Theheadlongpushintobachelorsdegreesforall.

　　[A]helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobs

　　[B]maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobs

　　[C]isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce

[D]indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation

　25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardKoziatek’sschoolcanbedescribedas.

　　[A]supportive[B]tolerant

　　[C]disappointed[D]cautious

Text2

　　Whilefossilfuels—coal，oil，gas—stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld’senergysupply,it'sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld：

Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.

　　Somegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinessestofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewables，especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteightyears.

　　Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.InScotland，forexample，windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead，notablyChinaandEurope，theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch，forthefirsttime，windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS，reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.

　　PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels—especiallycoal—asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa，hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource.ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa，wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate’selectricitygeneration—andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.

　　Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesn’tbloworthesundoesn’tshine?

”hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestoragecapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.

　　Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers，whoareplacingbigbetsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.

Whilethere’salongwaytogo，thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingup—perhapsjustintimetohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes—ordoesn’tdo—topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.

　26.Theword“plummeting”（Line3，Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto.

[A]stabilizing[B]changing

[C]falling[D]rising

　27.AccordingtoParagraph3，theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica.

　　[A]isprogressingnotably[B]isasextensiveasinEurope

　　[C]facesmanychallenges[D]hasprovedtobeimpractical

　28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,.

　　[A]windisawidelyusedenergysource

　　[B]windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuels

　　[C]techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergy

　　[D]thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply

　29.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs5&6?