高考英语阅读猜词.docx

高考英语阅读猜词.docx

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高考英语阅读猜词

高考英语阅读猜词

高考阅读理解训练之猜测语义

猜测语义题是近年的高考阅读理解中比较常见的题型，通常在一套试题中有二至三个小题是直接考查语义猜测的这种题主要考查考生根据上下推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查大家对语境的分析和把握能力。

如果考生具备了一定的猜词能力，那么对于降低生词率，排除阅读理解中某些生词的干扰和最终提高阅读理解速度和阅读能力都有极大帮助。

因此，今天我们谈一谈如何猜测语义的方法。

常见的设问方式：

1Theunderlinedrd“…”prbableans____2Therd“…”usedinparagraph“…”referst/suggests____3Thephrase“…”inthesenteneanbereplaedb____4hihfthefllingisthelsestineaningttherd“…”?

hatistheeaningftheunderlinedrdinparagraph“…”?

6Bsaing“…”,eean_____7hatduthinftheexpressin“…”standsfr?

8Theeaningfrd“…”inthepassageisrelatedt_____猜词规律探寻：

一．过定义或解释推测语义有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。

这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义。

（1）定义句的谓语动词在中多为：

be,ean,dealith,bensideredtbe,refert,bealled,bennas,define（下定义）,represent,signif（表示，表明）,nstitute（指。

。

）等。

（2）解释则常用asun,tbealled,tean,trefert,thatis（tsa）,intherrds,nael等词语以及同位语和定语从句提示下将前面的信息加以重复或解释。

（3）有时作者会用复述的形式解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。

（4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后要继续解释说明前。

eg1Theperfulpisnasipereptiblehenixedinliquid,thatis,ituldntbetasted,seen,rselled2TheGreearriageasngaus-----enandenereallednlnespuse（配偶）atatie

Exerises:

1Pantiereferstashrtplainhihnrdsarespen2Anthrplgisthesientifistudfan3eilleetuinthefer,theentranehallfthetheatre4Hebegantshavehishisers,hihhadgrnthinbthheesSeputersientistsaredevelpingartifiial-intelligeneahinesthatthesaillthinliepeple

Test1ThereisnurefrAlzheier’sButadrugalledARIEPThasbeenusedbillinsfpeplethelptheirspts（症状）（NET2004湖北卷B篇）61hatisARIEPT？

A、AediinetureAlzheier’sB、Aediinetdelasignsfaging、AediinetreduethesptsfAlzheier’sD、Aediineturebraindaage

Test2HereisThePines,hsehasdevelpedaspeialafixingfreignfdsuhasaribu,ildbarandreindeerithsurprisingsaues（2004福建卷E篇）

（1）Ardingtthepassage,ThePinesisa______AplaeinhihuanseeanbilehesBuntainhereuangetagdviefthevalletnhihhappenstbeneartheBanffNatinalParDrestauranthereuanasfrsespeialindsffd二．利用例证猜测语义某些阅读为了证实或说明某一观点，常会举一些例子，而且时时会用一些标志性语言或标点符号引出，如：

括号、破折号、冒号等或诸如frexaple,frinstane,suhas,andsn,ustas,lie,siilarit等连接词或词组。

eg1uabrrfrthelibraranperidials:

Nature,Nesee,TiesandThelistener2Seartistsplantheirpaintingsarundgeetrifrsliesquares,irlesandtrianglesExerises:

1FinalltheenesurrenderedThethredntheireapnsandaledutftheheiththeirhandsvertheirheads2Applanantisepti,suhasalhl,nthesin3Inthernerthereabeahristastreeithitsbranhesderatedithshiningrnaentssuhaslredlightsandglassballs,andsetieshungithgifts

TestThelargestplaer–ShanghaiBashiTurisarRentalffersaidevarietfhies–---deluxesedans，inivans，statinagns，ahes，Santanasedansarethebigfavrite（NET2001全国A篇）6Therds“deluxesedans”，“inivans”and“statinagns”usedinthetextreferst_______A、arsintheaingB、arrentalfirs、arsfrrentD、araers三．利用反义关系或同义关系推测语义

（1）利用反义关系推测语义有些生词的后面往往会出现一个或几个反义词，或者表转折意义的连词，词组等，抓住这些可以帮助我们推断生词语义。

标志词有althugh,but,hever,hereas（反之）,nevertheless（然而，不过），nthentrar,inntrast（相对）,nthenehand,nthetherhand,frnething,franther,instead（f）,ratherthan等。

（2）利用同义关系推测语义通常情况下，英语忌讳实词重复。

避免重复的方法之一是利用同义词或近义词加以代替。

同义词替换的修饰方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。

标志词有：

r,lie,siilarl等。

eg1104studies,invlving1,000pepleisprvingthatptiis（乐观主义）anhelputbehappier,healthierandresuessfulPessiisleads,bntrast,thpelessness,sinessandfailure,andislinedtdepressin,lnelinessandpainfulshness2rSithlvesttal,andhisifeissiilarllquaiusExerises:

1ThughT’sfaehasbeenashedquitelean,hisnereainsgrubb2UnlietheUnitedStates,hereandifferentnatinalitiesaeuptheppulatin,apan’sppulatinisquitehgeneus3rittenlanguagetendstbestati,hilespenlanguagenstantlhanges4HerepliedquilButafterhensideredtheprblerearefull,heregrettedhavingadesuhahastdeisinAlthughpepleinanuntriesnsiderraeatadelia（美味），ehinesepepleseldeataneatthatisuned

Test1Thegunnerslietdesribehatthedasharater-building,butenethattundananialandathitgthrughtheagnfdinganaenbdhapp（2004江苏卷E篇）

（1）Theunderlinedrd“agn”inthelastparagraphprbableans_____AfrBnditinpainDsadness

Test2Theht-airballntffItasbuantintheairasar（软木塞）inater

（2）Therd“buant”inthissentenestprbableans______AabletbeusedBabletvefrneplaetantherabletflatrrisetthesurfaeDabletarranthing四．用语境猜测语义

（1）利用“小”上下推测词义，即利用生词附近的内容推断生词词义。

如：

IaaresluteanneIsetupagal,In’tgiveupeasil

（2）利用“大”上下推测词义，即利用距离生词较远的内容，如整个段落、篇等推断生词词义。

egZipasstppedduringthearandnlaftertheardiditbeeppularhatadiffereneithasadeturlives!

IteepspepleatheuhreIthasadetheretepartsftherldrerealtusPhtgraphsshauntr,butnlzipaesfeelthatafreignuntrisrealAlseanseesenesinthestreetBigasinsarezipped,suhasthernatin（加冕典礼）in193andthepeningfParliaentPerhapsthesufferersfrziparethentablepeple,h,asthesteputfanairplane,havetfaethebatterfzipaerasandnthateverveent,evergestureillbeseenba“zippersnalit”PerhapseanspathizehenebersfParliaentsathatthedntantdebatestbezipped

Exerises:

1henIgttthetheatre,IasrelievedtseethatnbdasaitinginlineIasthefirsttgetthereandsurethatIuldgetthetietithutanprble

Questin:

Theunderlinedrd“relieved”inthepassageabestbereplaeb_____

AsurprisedBpleasedprduedDsld

2AppletreesantgrastallastelveetresThedbestinareasthathaveverldintersAlthughnfruitisieldedduringtheinter,thisldperidisgdfrthetree

Questin:

Theunderlinedrd“ielded”inthelastsenteneeans_____

AiprvedBinreasedprduedDsld

Test

ThesedasagreenbuildingeansrethanustthelrfthepaintGreenbuildinganalsrefertenvirnentallfriendlhuses,fatries,andffies

Greenbuildingeans,“reduingtheipatfthebuildingntheland”,TarnHlaftheUSGreenbuildingunilinashingtn,Dsaid

61Inthesendparagraph,theunderlinedphrase“thebuilding”stprbablreferst___

AanrdinarbuildingBanenerg-savingbuilding

agreen-lredbuildingDabuildinginashingtn,D

五．利用构词法猜测语义

掌握前后缀规律，如un-,i-,in-,dis-,il-等前缀与-less等后缀可构成反义词；后缀-ful,-l,-is,-ness等可改换词性。

而合成词要在正确理解两词的基础上，结合上下把握两词之间的关系，猜测词义；而对词义的转化，也要求结合上下猜测。

eg1arrentalsarebeingreandreppularasaninexpensiveaftaingttherad

2“Evenhenaanissaidtbeabestfriend,”Rubinrites“thetsharelittleabuttheirinnerstfeelings…”

3Ipressinisisafrfarthihbeganinthe1870shenullselatanipressinistpainting,useelittledtsfdifferentlredpaintshenuveaafrthepiture,thedtsflrsblendsandthepaintingllieithaslightplaingnthepepleandbetsinthepiture

Testithutexainatins,eplersilllfrepleesfrthehighlrespetedshlsandfrfailiesnntthe?

Afrffavritisillreplaeequalit（2004上海试篇）（3）Therd“favritis”inparagraph3isusedtdesribethephenennthat_____AbrighthildrenalsneedertifiatintgetsatisfingbsBhildrenfrell-respetedshlstendthavegdbsprhildrenithertifiatinarefavredinbaretsDhildrenattendingrdinarshlsahievegreatsuess六．因果关系猜测词义常见的因果信号词有：

asaresult,fr,thus,beause,frthisreasn,s,sine,nsequentl,sthat,s/suh…that等。

egSheantedthehairdresserttriherhairabitbeauseitastlngExerises:

1Theriverissturbidthatitisipssibletseethebttevenhenitisshall2Hedidn’thearningatthedrbeauseheaspletelengrssedinTV3Itrained,stheftballathaspstpned4Theunganassbashfulthathedidn’tspeattheprettgirl七利用化背景、生活常识猜测词义运用逻辑推理能力，结合社会化背景和自身的生活经验以及生活常识，根据上下能读懂的部分，可以下正确猜出语义。

eg1Birdsfliththeirings,andthepiuptheirfdsandtheneattheiththeirbeasandtheusetheirlasfrtearing,seizing,pullingrhldingbets2stfthersesarebeginningtitherbeauseftheldeatherExerises:

1Thedrivertriedtaverttheaidentbbringingtheartasuddenstp2Ifaanfeelsverld,healashuddleshiselfup3hatuldhnexpet?

Hehadlefthisetsiingtruns（游泳裤）inthedarlsetfrveraeefursethehadbeguntilde4Afishbreathesinaterithgills

Test1argtnthetrbie,Isatbehindhinthepillin,anderaredffintthenight

（1）Therd“pillin”inthissenteneprbableans______AanbetusedfrsleepingBabanhihnanrestaseatfrsendpersnnatrleDaplaefrsitting

Test2nefBritain’sbravestantldesterdahshehelpedtathsuspetedplieillerDavidBieberandasthanedithflersbtheplieItasalssaidsheuldbeinlinefrasharefupt￡30,000reardne

（2）Theunderlinedphrase“beinlinefr”inparagraph1eans____AgetBbepaidasfrDn八．熟词生义猜测熟词的陌生意义通常有三种情况：

（1）该熟词在新的具体语境中有了和原考生所熟悉的意义不同的意思；

（2）考查一些代词的指代现象；（3）新词在新的语境中变换了词性。

eg1Theararetfrerestsinthegringppulatinfhite-llareplees,hanaffrdtheneservie2henenandenlivedbhunting0,000earsag,huldtheevenbegintpituredernlife?

3anpeplerteepanialsfrbeingilledSepeplehelpanialsaspartftheirb,thersditustbeausethelieanialsQuestin:

Inthisparagraph,therd“their”referst_____AsepepleBseanialsanpepleDananials4．Tieflieslieanarr,fruitflieslieabanana思考：

延伸到完形填空ThingsereverbadthatpartiularinterThenaletteraefrhereherseingahineasbrught,annuningthattheuldhavetpiupherahinethenextdaunlesspaentserebrughtuptdateIreeberthathenshereadtheletterIbeaefrightenedIuld__41__usstarvinggdeathandallsrtsfthingsthatuldethild’sind41AsuppseBpiturestandDregret附录：

熟词有新义1．firevt解雇2．finevt罚款3．falln秋天4．indvt使弯曲前进或迂回、蜿蜒．lavt下蛋、产卵6．springn泉水、弹簧、弹力；v