北京理工大学新世纪研究生英语教程第五版课后习题答案.docx

北京理工大学新世纪研究生英语教程第五版课后习题答案.docx

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北京理工大学新世纪研究生英语教程第五版课后习题答案

Unit2TextATheNewEconomicsofOil

GlobalReading

Task2

Suggestedanswers

1.Firstly,becauseproducersneedthecashfromoiltoomuchtolettheirsupplybeinterruptedforlong.Secondly,andmoreimportant,becausedemandgrowthcan'tpushpricesupwardaslongasitisbalancedbysupplygrowth.

2.Becauseiftheydo,non-OPECsourceswillgrabmarketsharebydevelopingfieldswheretechnologyhasmadeproductionaffordable.

3.Becausetechnologyletsthecompaniesmaintainhealthyearningsatsteadilyloweroilprices.

4.Thosethatmastertechnologyandefficiency,suchasShell,Exxon,andBritishPetroleum.

Task3

Suggestedsummary

1.Thearticleaimsatestablishingtheideathatoilpricewillnotriseevenasdemandsoars.Tobeginwith,theauthorshowstheincreasingconsumptionofoilaroundtheworldandtheimpactoftechnologyonoilindustry.Bygivingseveralexamples,hedrawstheconclusionthattheneedforcashanddependenceontechnologyleadstothefactthatoilpriceswillevenfall.Furthermore,technologicalupdating,slashingthecostsoffinding,producing,andrefiningoil,isalsoareasontosupporttheauthor'spoint.Thereisevidencethattechnologyletstheworldcompaniesmaintainhealthyearningsatloweroilprices.Inconclusion,cheapoilacceleratestheworldeconomy,andadownsidepricescenarioisincreasinglylikely.

DetailedReading

Task2

Suggestedanswers

1.C

2.D

3.C

4.A

5.D

6.A

7.A

8.B

Task3

Suggestedanswers

1.sank

2.vulnerable

3.fueling

4.notwithstanding

5.understated

6.dire

7.overwhelmed

8.grease

9.faring

10.cuttingedge

Task5

Suggestedanswers:

1.Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,intheUnitedStates,thereareover110millioncarsand15millioncommercialvehiclesortrucks.And"morepeople"means"morecars".Bytheendofthetwentiesofthetwenty-firstcentury,thepopulationoftheUnitedStateswillhavedoubledthatoftodayandthenumberofautomobileswillbedoubledaswell.Andintwentyyears'timethepercapitaincomewillalsobe2.5timeshigherthanitisnow.Ifthisincreasedincomeisspentonmoreandlargerautomobiles,largerhouses,andincreasedconsumptionofothermaterialgoods,theresultscouldcausecatastrophicresourceexhaustion,andpollution.

Unit6TextATheMythofthePaperlessOffice

GlobalReading

Task2

Suggestedanswers

1.preciousspace,oneplace,indexlinkingability.

2.hot;actedon;warm;urgency;cold;immediateattention

3.annoyances/disadvantages;fuzzy;glare;scroll;fixed

4.listening;talking;comfort;subtleclues;promptreporting;revising

5.selling;desire;takingcontrol;overwhelmed

6.First,paperhassomehiddenadvantagesovercomputersespeciallyinthefollowingthreeaspects—reading,writingandpersonalsatisfactionindelivery.Furthermore,computerscan'treplacepapercompletelyinsomeactivitiessuchasair-trafficcontrolandwritinguppolicereports.

Task3

Suggestedsummary

1.Theauthorstatesatthebeginningofthearticlethatdespitetheemergenceoftechnologiesandthepredictionofpaperlessofficebymanypeopleforseveraldecades,westillrelyheavilyonpaperinourdailylives.ThenheuseshisownanalysisandwhatSellenandHarperhavediscoveredashisprooftoillustratewhyhumanbeingsstillcannotstopusingpaper.BycitingSellenandHarper'sdescriptionofthelayoutoffilesonatypicaldeskinanoffice,theauthorillustratesthatpaperhassomehiddenadvantagesovercomputersespeciallyinthefollowingthreeaspects—reading,writingandpersonalsatisfactionindelivery.Furthermore,heanalyzestwoactivities—air-trafficcontrolandwritinguppolicereportsstudiedbySellenandHarper,whichhasrevealedthatinthesetwoactivitiescomputerscan'treplacepapercompletely.Thenhesuggeststworeasonsforsuchachimeraaspaperlessoffice,andfinally,statesthatatleastfornowpaperlessofficelooksbothunlikelyandpointless.

DetailedReading

Task2

Suggestedanswers

1.A

2.C

3.A

4.B

5.C

6.B

7.C

8.D

9.D

10.A

Task3

Suggestedanswers

1.onthehorizon

2.layhandson

3.glare

4.thumbthrough

5.flickingthrough

6.fallshortin

7.compromised

8.unfolded

9.streamline

10.comesdownto

Task5

Suggestedanswers:

1.Overalongperiodoftime,electronicmediais/areunlikelytoreplacesuchtraditionalmediaaspaper.Firstofall,notanyonecanaffordtohaveacomputerandcanlogon/surftheInternetatanyplaceduetofinancialfactors,geographicalconditionsandvariousotherfactors.Inaddition,theverificationofsomeimportantcontactsrequiresuniqueauthenticity.Anyphotocopyandduplicationisineffective.What'smore,oneperson'shandwritingcontainsparticularinformationwhichcannotbereplacedbydigitalmedia.

Unit7TextACompetitionIsDestructive

GlobalReading

Task2

Suggestedanswers

1.underminesself-esteem;poisonsrelationships;holdsusback;

2.aspecifiedcontribution;acertainscore;atimelimit;

3.workingtogether;workswith/feelwarmly/half;

4.otherway/alternative;self-doubt;dependenton;

5.thestructure;theindividuals;competition;

Task3

Suggestedsummary

1.SuggestedSummary

Byusingthegameofmusicalchairs,theauthorillustratesthatcompetitionisdestructivenotonlyinourdailyworkbutalsoinentertainments.Itisimportantandpossibletochangetheformofthegamebywayofturninganopponentintoapartner:

Everyoneonthefieldcanworktogetherforacommongoal（teamwork）insteadofcompetingwitheachother（teamcompetition）.Cooperativegamesandsportsprovidesatisfactionandchallengewithoutcompetition.Thereasonthatalargenumberofpeopleinsistthatwecan'tdowithoutwin/loseactivitiesisthattheydon'tknowanyotherwayandthattheyoverlookthepsychologicalcostsofcompetitionandthetoxiceffectofcompetitiononourrelations.Competitionisnotconducivetotrustanditmayleadonetolookatothersthroughnarrowedeyesandeveninviteoutrightaggression.Weareinclinedtoblameindividualsforallthis,butitisthestructureofthegameitselfwhichcausescompetition.Tosolvetheproblemofcompetition,weneedtobeteachingourchildrenhowtoenjoythemselveswithoutcompetition.

DetailedReading

Task2

Suggestedanswers

1.C

2.B

3.A

4.A

5.C

6.B

7.D

8.C

9.B

10.C

Task3

Suggestedanswers

1.competedagainst

2.benign

3.triumphedover

4.attributed

5.outdid

6.misplace

7.overlook

8.amsuspiciousof

9.weredetested

10.erupt

Task5

Suggestedanswers:

1."Competition"usuallybringsoutthebestinpeople,astheystrivetobetopintheirfield,whetherinsport,communityaffairs,politicsorwork.Infact,fairandfriendlycompetitionoftenleadstonewsportingachievements,scientificinventionsoroutstandingeffortinsolvingacommunityproblem.Whencompetitionbecomesunfriendlyorbitter,though,conflictcanbegin-andthiscanbringouttheworstinpeople.

Unit10Whywestriveforstatus

GlobalReading

Task2

Suggestedanswers

1.Whatisthewriter'sattitudeinthesentence"Thedrivefordominanceskewsourperception,colorsourfriendships,shapesourmoodsandaffectsourhealth"?

（para.2）

Theauthortakesanegativeattitude.Usually,theverbscolor,shapeandaffectareneutralinindicatingmeanings,butinthiscontexttheyexpressnegativemeanings.

2.Howdoyouunderstandthesentence"Ifthetendencyshoweduponlyincertainsocieties,itwouldbeeasiertodismissassomethingwelearn"?

（para.4）

Iftherelentlessone-upmanshipwereonlylimitedwithinveryfewsamplegroups,itwouldbeeasilyneglectedbecausewecouldonlyregardthatasanexception.

3.Inwhichwaydozoologistssupporttheanthropologicalpointonthebiologicallyendowedone-upmanship?

Anthropologistspointoutthatthesamepatterncanbeseeneverywherewhilethezoologistsshowawidevarietyofanimalsinferiorandsuperiorwhichillustratethesamepatterntoo.

4.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenmenbeingpowerfulandpowerless?

Menwhoachievehighstatusenjoymoresexwithmorepartnerswheresasmenwhoarejustunemployedmaylosetheirmarriagesaswellasself-esteem.

5.Inwhichwaysaremodernmenthesameas,andalsodifferentfromGenghisKhan?

ModernmenarethesameasGenghisKhaninthattheyallstriveforhighstatus,butdifferentinthatmodernmentendtorulebyconsentandtrytoavoidfighting.

6.Domalesalwayshavetofightforpower?

Whyorwhynot?

Notnecessarily,forthemostdurableleadersaretheoneswhogovernbyconsentandtrytoavoidfighting.

Unit13Givingcreditwheredebtisdue

GlobalReading

Task2

Suggestedanswers

1.HowmanycreditcardsdoestheaverageAmericanhave?

4.

2.Whatisa"sub-prime"borrower?

Peoplewhohaveabadcredithistory.

3.Whatwerethespendinghabitsofpeopleinthenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies?

Peopleregardeddebtinaverynegativeway.Theyalwaystriedtopayofftheirdebtsinatimelymanner.

4.HowhascreditcardspendingchangedintheUnitedStatessincethe1960s?

Inthe1960smostborrowerspaidofftheircreditcardbalancesmonthly.Sincethen,manypeoplehaveamassedcreditcarddebt.

Unit1

我静静地躺着，等待着。

突然，窗外的生机引起了我的注意：

昆虫在合鸣；邻居坐在阳台上，直到深夜，他们说话的声音有些模糊，那声音让我平静下来。

我闻到了新割的青草的气息。

还有一种说不清的声音--可能是树枝扫过隔壁店铺的屋顶吧。

Lyingstill,waiting,Isuddenlynoticethelifeoutsidethewindow.Thebugssinginchorus.Neighbors,sittingontheirverandasuntillate,speakinhazywordswithsandededgesthatsootheme.Icatchthescentoffreshgrassclippings.ThenIhearsomethingIcan'tdecode-perhapsatreebranc