介系词.docx

介系词.docx

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介系词

介系词48-53

一.介系词的受词

1）名词/代名词的受格

1.IwentshoppingwithMaryyesterday.

2.ImetMarybychance,andIwentshoppingwithher.

2）形容词作受词

Thingswentrapidlyfrombadtoworse.事情迅速恶化

3）副词作受词

1.Howfarisitfromheretothebusstop

2.Ihaven’tseenhersincethen.

4）动名词

1.Mybrotherusedmycomputerwithoutaskingformypermission.

2.I’mlookingforwardtoseeingyou.

5）不定词,原形不定词

用于but,except,as,then等后,仅在一些特殊句型中使用

1.Theydidnothingbutplaycardsallday.原形不定词

2.Iwouldratherstayathomethangoout.

6）子句

1.Thefutureofthisplanetdependsonwhetherwecanprotecttheenvironment.

2.Mendifferfromanimalsinthattheycanusefire.

differfrom…区别于…

二.介系词的位置

1）受词为疑问词时

1.Who/Whomareyougoingwith

Withwhomareyougoing

2.Whatareyoutalkingabout

2）受词为关系子句时

1.Thisistheriverwhich/thatIusedtoswimin.

ThisistheriverinwhichIusedtoswim.

2.TheyoungladywhomMomistalkingtoisourmusicteacher.

TheyoungladytowhomMomistalkingisourmusicteacher.

3）介系词及受词中有不定词

1.Hehasmanyfriendstorelyon.

2.Shehadsomethingparticulartowriteabout.

写下什么writeaboutsth.

4）被动语态时

1.Allofuslookforwardtohissuccess.

>Hissuccessislookedforwardtobyallofus.

2.Wehavetotakecareofthebaby.

>Thebabyhastobetakencareof.

三.群体介系词

片语形的介词

1.Wehadtostayindoorsalldaybecauseofthestorm.

=Wehadtostayindoorsalldaybecausetherewasastorm.

2.Thankstoyouradvice,Iwasabletowinthegame.

3.Hesenthisbrotherinsteadofgoinghimself.

他派了他弟弟去,而不是自己去

4.Hesavedthechildattheriskofhislife.

冒着生命危险救了那个孩子

5.Weexpressourthoughtsbymeansofwords.

6.Ididmybestwithaviewtopleasingmyfather.

=Ididmybestinordertopleasemyfather.

7.Butforhisgoodeducationhewouldnothavegotthejob.

8.Withall/foritsshortcomingsthisnovelisregardedasthebest.

Inspiteofitsshortcomingsthisnovelisregardedasthebest.

9.Weshallsolvethisproblembymeansoflawandeducation.

10.Inadditiontomanyshopsandrestaurants,theseaporthasamuseum.

11.Onaccountofdifferenceintaste,yourdesignsdonotsuitthismarket.

12.Toloveforthesakeofbeingloveishuman.

爱一个人由于被爱是壹个人的行为。

13.Toloveforthesakeofbeinglovedishuman,buttoloveforthesakeoflovingisangelic.[?

n'd?

elik]

以爱还爱的是人性，但为爱而爱的是神性。

总结

accordingto~

owingto~由于

dueto~由于

becauseof~

asfor~至于

asto~关于

thanksto~

butfor~若没有~的话

insteadof~

attheriskof~

incaseof~

infrontof~

inspiteof~尽管

withfor/all~尽管

bymeansof~凭借,通过

inadditionto~除了~

onaccountof~由于.因为

withaviewto~为了

forthepurposeof~为了~的目的

forthesakeof~由于~的缘故

四.双重介系词

两个介系词连用

1.Hewaschosenfromamongthevolunteers.

2.Shetookaboxfromunderthecounter.

from表示从….Under表示counter的下面

五.常用的介系词

（1）表时间

a）in>年,月,季节,早上,下午,晚上in1998,inAugust,inspring,intheafternoon,intheevening

on>特定的时间:

星期某,那一天早上onSunday,onthemorningofOctober10,onmybirthday

at>在~点~分,中午,午夜atnineo’clock,atdawn[d?

:

n],atsunset,atnight,atmidnight

atwork,atschool,attheageof5

b）until/till>直到~,动作继续的期限until一个l,till两个l

by>直到~,动作完成的期限

before>在~之前

1.I’mgoingtoworktillseventonight.一直做到

2.I’llfinishtheworkbynoon.中午以前

3.Ibegantoworkbeforeeightthismorning.八点以前

c）from>从（过去,现在,未来某时刻）起

since>从（过去某时刻）以来完成式

after>在~之后

1.Theworkshouldtakeusfromfourtofivehours.估计花四五个钟头

2.Hesaidthefloodsweretheworstsince1968.这是自1968年以来最严重的水灾

3.Hecamehomeafterafewhours.

d）in在~内>某段时间那么长

within在~内>某段时间中的一刻

1.Ihaveneverseensnowinmylife.

2.Hewillbebackwithin/inaweek.

e）for持续>时间的长度,动作是断断续续的

during在什么期间>特定的时间,动作规律性的断续

through整个期间>从头到尾,动作是贯通的

1.IhavelearnedEnglishforfiveyears.

2.Iworkedattheshopduringtheholidays.

3.Ihadtoworkthroughthenight.彻夜

（2）表地点

a）in>在较宽敞之处,建筑物的内部

on>特定的面

at>在较狭小之处,某一特定地点

intrainstation火车站内部

attrainstation火车站的某一个你知我知的地点

1.Theyaretakingastrollinthepark.公园内部

2.Theplayersarepracticingonthefield.

3.Hewaitedforthegirlatthedoor.门口那个特定的地方

4.atthedesk在书桌前学习

inthedesk抽屉里

onthedesk书在书桌上

b）for>方向的目标

to>到某点

toward>朝着某方向

1.TheyareleavingforNewYorktomorrow.

2.Thedogwenttotheboy.狗走到男孩那里

3.Thedogwenttowardtheboy.狗朝着男孩的方向去了

c）along>沿着~

across>横越（马路）

through>贯穿（公园）

1.Wewalkedalongtheriver.

2.Weswamacrosstheriver.游过河

3.Wewalkedthroughthepark.

Neverwalkthroughtheredlight.

d）by>在~旁前后左右任一

beside>在~旁左右其中之一

near>在~附近

1.Shesatbythewindow.

2.Isatbesideher.我坐在她旁边

Isatbyher.我靠着她坐

3.Helivesnearmyhouse.

注意

beside/besides

1.Attheparty,therewereseveralgirlsbesideKelly.

2.Attheparty,therewereseveralgirlsbesidesKelly.

3.Attheparty,therewereseveralgirlsexceptKelly.

exceptionn.例外noexception没有例外

e）between>两者之中

among>三者以上

1.PetersatbetweenJaneandme.

2.Hedisappearedamongthepeopleinthecrowed.

both<>either

--Wouldyoulikecoffeeortea

--Eitherisok.

all<>any

--Wouldyoulikecoffee,teaororange

--Anywilldo.

f）around/round围绕着

about在~四周,~的附近

口语中,常用around代替about

1.Theearthmovesaround/roundthesun.

2.Heglancedaboutandsawhiminconversationwithsomeone.

3.Thechildrensatabout/aroundtheoldman.

alltheyearround一整年round圆

g）in>在~之中（滞留状态）

into>在~之中（运动状态）

outof>从~之中（运动状态）

onto>在~之上（运动状态）

1.Hewalkedintheroom.在房间中踱步

Hewalkedintotheroom.进入房间

2.Hewalkedoutoftheroom.走出房间

3.ThecatjumpedontotheTVset.跳到TV上.

ThecatjumpedontheTVset.在TV上蹦跶

h）on>接触

off>分离

1.Heswitchedonthelight.开关闭合

2.Heswitchedoffthelight.开关分离

puton<>takeoff穿上,脱掉（和衣服接触,和衣服分离）

i）before>在~前

infrontof>在~前方

behind>在~后人,动物,建筑等

after>在~后行动的物体,顺序

1.“B”comesbefore“C”inthealphabet.字母B在C前

2.Wemetinfrontoftheschool.

Thereisablackboardinthefrontoftheclassroom.前面部分

3.Ihatedrivingbehindabus.

4.Let’shaveagameoftennisafterschool.放学后

注意

on<>off

over<>under

above<>below

on表示一样东西只接触另一样东西的部分表面

above表示不接触而高于某表面,亦可用over

over表示接触到某表面的全部

-----选自初级文法最后一卷

up<>down

into<>outof

infrontof/above<>inbackof/behind

1.Thereisaflyontheceiling.

2.Aplaneisflyingabovethemountain.

3.Thesunisshiningover/aboveourheads.

4.Acatissleepingunderthetable.

5.Thereisawaterfallabove（below）thebridge.桥的上游（下游）有一瀑布,估计是斜上方,不可用over

6.Hemustbewellover50yearsold.超过~（数量）

7.Wetalkedoveracupofcoffee.

8.Youscoreisaboveaverage.~程度之上

（3）表原因,理由

1.Iwasdisappointedathisfailure.

at表示引起某种情绪或动作的原因

besurprisedat

beamazedat

beshockedat

bedelightedat高兴

2.Thetownisfamousforitshotsprings.

Thetownisfamousasahot-springresort.

hotsprings.（很多处）温泉ahot-springresort.一处温泉胜地

3.Hediedofcancer.of直接原因

Insomecountriesmanypeoplediefrompoverty.from间接原因

4.Hewastremblingwithcold.

5.Hebecameillthroughoverwork.

6.Theysurrenderedoutoffearofbeingkilled.出于

7.Owingto/becauseoftherain,thegamewasputoff.

注意

1.Hewasverytiredfromhistrip.因~而疲倦

2.Heistiredofhismonotonous[m?

'n?

t?

n?

s]life.厌倦~

mono-单一的字根monorail单轨铁路

（4）表目的,结果

1.Thepoliticiansarecampaigningforthecomingelection.

2.Nobodytrustshimafterthewayhelived.表结果

3.Flourismadeintobread.表结果

注意

1.Breadismadefromflour.

2.Thissaladismadeoflettuce,tomatoes,andcucumber.

3.Imademybicycleoutoffouroldones.

可看作madeoffouroldones加上out表产出

4.Hewasfrozentodeath.他冻死了,注意:

没死,是很冷的意思

be+adj.+todeath

（5）表手段,道具,行为等

1.Hegoestoschoolbybus.

2.Iwatchedthebaseballgameontelevision.

ontheTV电视上放着全家福

3.Pleasewriteitdownwithapencil.

with+物品（可数）withapencil

in+物品（不可数）inink

4.ThebookiswrittenineasyEnglish.

5.Hegothisjobthroughafriend.

6.AmericawasdiscoveredbyColumbus.

7.Sheleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.

（6）表关联,关系

1.Ihavenodoubtabouthishonesty.

2.Hegavealectureonagriculture.

3.Thisisthestoryof/aboutSnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfs.

4.Thereissomethingwrongwithmybicycle.

（7）表程度,单位,比例

1.HeistallerthanIbythreeinches.

2.Theyselleggsbythedozen.

3.Theboyistallforhisage.

4.Thecarwasrunningatfullspeed.全速

（8）表样子,状态

1.Helookedatmeinsurprise.

2.Theylivedlikebrothers.

3.Helookedathisbankbalancewithsatisfaction.

with+抽象名词=satisfactorily

balance收支状况

4.Toourdelight,hepassedtheexamination.

5.Shestoodtherewithherhairwavinginthebreeze.附带

Shestoodtherewithherarmfoldedinthebreeze

关于waving为什么用主动式,个人理解

wave和主语she没有主动或被动的关系,用主动

而fold和she有被动的关系,所以用folded

（9）表去除，区别，分离

1.Heisindependentofhisparents.Of指抽象的脱离

Abuttonisoffyourcoat.Off之具体的脱离

注,button,老师拼错了,包括讲义

2.Somepeoplecannotdistinguish/tellonecolorfromanother.（tellAfromB分辨）

（tellrightfromwrong分辨是非）

3.Whatyousayseemstobebesidethepoint/mark.离题

be+adv.+n.

六.和形容词,动词结合的介系词

（1）be+adj.+prep.

beafraidof

befondof

befullof

beproudof

besureof

befamousfor

belatefor

bereadyfor

besorryfor

begoodat

beabsentfrom

bedifferentfrom

besimilarto

beinterestedin

anxiousadj.焦虑的；担忧的；渴望的；急切的

1.Iamanxiousaboutmyson’ssafety.担心

2.Iamanxiousforfame.渴望

（2）v.+prep.

1.Icalledonmyuncleyesterday.拜访=visit

Icalledathishouseyesterday.参观=visit

callsb.=callupsb.

2.HegottoNewYork.

Igotonthebus.

Igotoutofthecar.

Getoffthetrainatthenextstation.

Getoutofhere少来了,别开玩笑了

3.Ihearfromhereverymonth.收到信（getaletterfrom）

Ihaveneverheardof/aboutsuchathing.表关于时of和about等

4.Iamwaitingforhisanswer.等待

Shedidnotliketowaitonherhusband.伺候

5.Wehavetolookintothecause.调查

Whatareyoulookingforfor为了什么看

I’mlookingformymissingdog,butIcannotfinditanywhere.find表结果

Keepthechange不用找零了

Shelookedaft