江苏省南京中华中学高考英语的阅读理解专项训练附解析.docx

江苏省南京中华中学高考英语的阅读理解专项训练附解析.docx

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江苏省南京中华中学高考英语的阅读理解专项训练附解析

江苏省南京中华中学2021年高考英语的阅读理解专项训练附解析

一、高考英语阅读理解专项训练

1．阅读理解

   Beingforgivingtoyourselfandotherscanprotectagainststressandtheharmitdoestomentalhealth,accordingtoanewstudyintheJournalofHealthPsychology.

   Researcherslookedattheeffectsoflifetimestressonaperson'smentalhealth,andhowmoreforgivingpeoplegotalongcomparedwithpeoplewhoweren'tsoforgiving.Todothis,theyasked148youngadultstofilloutquestionnairesthatassessedtheirlevelsoflifetimestress,theirtendencytoforgiveandtheirmentalandphysicalhealth.

   Nosurprise,peoplewithgreaterexposuretostresshadworsementalandphysicalhealth.Buttheresearchersalsodiscoveredthatifpeoplewerehighlyforgivingofboththemselvesandothers,thatcharacteristicalonealmostremovedtheconnectionbetweenstressandmentalillness.

   "It'salmostentirelyerased—it'szero,"saysstudyauthorToussaint."Ifyoudon'thaveforgivingtendencies,youfeeltheimmediateeffectsofstressinasevereway.Youdon'thaveanythingtocushionyouagainstthatstress."

   Howaforgivingpersonalityprotectsapersonfromtheinfluenceofseverestressishardtodetermine.Theresearchersinferthatpeoplewhoaremoreforgivingmayadoptbetterskillstodealwithstress,ortheirreactiontomajorstressors（压力源）maybeslow.

   Thoughmoreresearchisneededtofullyunderstandthebenefitsofbeingmoreforgiving,Toussaintbelieves"100％"thatforgivenesscanbelearned.Hisownpreviousresearchhasshownthatsayingashortprayeronforgivenesscanhelppeopletaketheedgeoff."Ithinkmostpeoplewanttofeelgoodandforgivenessoffersyoutheopportunitytodothat,"hesays.

（1）Theresearchersgottheeffectofforgivingby_____.

A. analyzingquestionnaires                                

B. doingscientificexperiment

C. writingresearchpapers                                   

D. communicatingwith148adults

（2）Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A. Forgivingtendenciescandealwithallmentalproblems.

B. Itremainsunknownwhyforgivenesshelpstoreducestress.

C. Toussaint'sstudyhasfullydiscoveredthebenefitsofbeingforgiving.

D. Sayingashortprayeronforgivenessisthekeytogettingridofstress.

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"taketheedgeoff'inthelastparagraphprobablymean?

A. Lookahead.        

B. Becomerelaxed.        

C. Makeuptheirmind.        

D. Sticktotheirgoals.

（4）Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?

A. Anewstudyonphysicalhealth                      

B. Forgivingyourselfmakesyoufeelgood

C. Forgivenessisgoodformentalhealth           

D. Gettingridofstressisgoodforyourhealth

【答案】

（1）A

（2）B

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】研究发现拥有一颗宽容的心，能减少焦虑和压力，让人心理健康。

（1）细节理解题。

根据文章第二段的Todothis,theyasked148youngadultstofilloutquestionnairesthatassessedtheirlevelsoflifetimestress，可知，为了弄明白真相，研究人员让148个人填写了问卷调查，即他们是通过研究问卷调查来得出宽容的影响，故选A项。

（2）推理判断题。

根据文章第五段的Howaforgivingpersonalityprotectsapersonfromtheinfluenceofseverestressishardtodetermine.可知目前很难确定宽容是如何防止人们不受严重压力的伤害，故推断宽容可以减少压力的原因是未知的，故选B项。

（3）词义猜测题。

根据画线部分下文的Ithinkmostpeoplewanttofeelgoodandforgivenessoffersyoutheopportunitytodothat可知宽容能让人感觉良好，故推测画线部分所在句子意思是：

说一个和宽容相关的祷言能让人感觉良好。

故划线部分的意思和"感觉良好"接近，故选B项。

（4）主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，第一段为主题段，根据文章第一段的Beingforgivingtoyourselfandotherscanprotectagainststressandtheharmitdoestomentalhealth,可知本文主要讲述宽容对精神健康有好处，故选C项。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和主旨大意题，细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；词义猜测题，要联系上下文，猜测划线词在题中的含义；主旨大意题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

2．阅读理解

   Duringyourfouryearsinthecollege,you'llhavemanyexcitingchoicestomake,thefirstofwhichwillbeyourcourseselectionforyourfirstsemester.Thebeautyofthischoiceisthatyoucan'tgowrong!

NomatterwhichoneofourFirst-YearOptionsyouselecttoapplyfor,youwillcreatearichintellectualexperiencetobeginyourcollegecareer.

   Option1:

LiberalArtsSeminar

   TheLiberalArtsSeminarisamultidisciplinary（多学科的）coursethatexplorestheculturalhistoryoftheMediterraneanthroughfictionalandnonfictionalbooks.

Fallschedule:

WhenRegistrationopens,youwillselectbetweenoneandfouradditionalcoursestocompleteyourschedule.

   Option2:

FLLHagerScholarsProgram

   TheFLLHagerScholarsProgramisdesignedwithourmostambitiousstudentsoflanguagesandlinguisticsinmind,andisdesignedtocreateforthembothasenseofcommunityandopportunitiesforintellectualgrowth.

   Fallschedule:

WhenRegistrationopens,youwillselectbetweenoneandthreeadditionalcoursestocompleteyourschedule.

   Option3:

IgnatiusSeminars

   Offeredonlyinthefirstsemester,IgnatiusSeminarsintroducestudentstothedepthanddiversityofGeorgetown'sdynamicintellectualcommunity.

   Fallschedule:

WhenRegistrationopens,youwillselectthreeorfouradditionalcoursestocompleteyourschedule.

   Option4:

TraditionalFirst-YearAcademicProgram

   Withthisprogram,you'lltakeyourfirststepintothecollege'srichandvariedcorecoursesandexploreyourfieldsofinterestinfreeoptionalcoursework.

   Fallschedule:

WhenRegistrationopens,youwillbuildascheduleoffourorfiveadditionalcoursesfromthefullcollegecurriculum.

（1）HowdostudentslearntheculturalhistoryoftheMediterranean?

A. Bycompletingtheschedule.                           

B. Bywritingfictionalbooks.

C. Byselectinglor4courses.                               D. Byreadingmaterialsofthisarea.

（2）Whichprogramissuitableforastudentinterestedinlanguages?

A. Option1.                         

B. Option2.                         

C. Option3.                         

D. Option4.

（3）What'sapossiblereasonforchoosingOption4?

A. Itisdesignedforlanguagelearners.              

B. Itprovidesvariouscoursesforfree.

C. Itintroducesyoutoareasofinterest.             

D. Itisonlyofferedinthefirstsemester.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是是一篇说明文，在大学的四年里，你会有很多令人兴奋的选择，第一个是你第一学期的课程选择。

这个选择的美妙之处在于你不会出错！

无论你选择申请哪一个，你都将为你的大学生涯创造一个丰富的智力体验。

作者介绍了大学生对课程的四种选择。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据Option1:

LiberalArtsSeminar部分中的“TheLiberalArtsSeminarisamultidisciplinary（多学科的）coursethatexplorestheculturalhistoryoftheMediterraneanthroughfictionalandnonfictionalbooks.”人文学科研讨会是一门多学科课程，通过虚构和非虚构的书籍探索地中海的文化历史，可知，学生通过虚构和非虚构的书籍探索地中海的文化历史。

由此可知，学生是通过阅读该地区的资料来学习地中海的文化历史的。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据Option2:

FLLHagerScholarsProgram部分中的“TheFLLHagerScholarsProgramisdesignedwithourmostambitiousstudentsoflanguagesandlinguisticsinmind,andisdesignedtocreateforthembothasenseofcommunityandopportunitiesforintellectualgrowth.”FLLHagerScholarsProgram的设计初衷是为我们最具雄心的语言和语言学学生服务，旨在为他们创造一种社区感和智力成长的机会，可知，Option2的设计初衷是为我们最具雄心的语言和语言学学生服务。

可知，对语言感兴趣的学生可以选择Option2:

FLLHagerScholarsProgram。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据Option4:

TraditionalFirst-YearAcademicProgram部分中的“Withthisprogram,you'lltakeyourfirststepintothecollege'srichandvariedcorecoursesandexploreyourfieldsofinterestinfreeoptionalcoursework.”有了这个项目，你将迈出你的第一步，进入大学丰富多样的核心课程，在自由选修课程中探索你感兴趣的领域。

可知，Option4在自由选修课程中探索你感兴趣的领域。

可推知，Option4能把你领进你感兴趣的领域，这应该是学生选择Option4的原因。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   CamperLunchProgram

   WearepleasedtooffertheCamperLunchProgramforfull-daycampersorcampersparticipatinginbothmorningandafternoonhalf-daycamps.

   LunchattheOverlakeSchool

   AttheOverlakeSchoolinRedmond,youcansignupforlunchatthetimeofregistration.Lunchisprovidedbytheschoolcafeteriaincludingahotmaindishandasaladbaroption.Limiteddietrestrictionscanbeaccommodatedinadvance.Allordersorcancellationsmustbemadeby4:

00pmonWednesday.

   $40for5-daycampweek

   $32for4-daycampweek

   LunchatViewSeattle

   Twoweeksbeforeyourcampstartdate,youwillreceivealinkinyourconfirmationemailtochooseyourpreferencebetweentheregularandvegetarian（素的）lunchmenus.Besides,camperwithallergiesorsensitivitiesareencouragedtobringtheirownlunch.

   $40for5-daycampweek

   $38for4-daycampweek

   LunchatSt.ThomasSchool

   AtSt.ThomasSchool,lunchandsnacksareprovidedbySAGEDining.Lunchincludesahotmaindish,asaladbarandsandwichoptions.Campersalsoreceivetwosnacksperday.

   $50for5-daycampweek

   $45for4-daycampweek

   LunchatPacificScienceCenter

   AtPacificScienceCenter,youcansignupatthetimeofregistration.LunchisprovidedbyourveryownPacificScienceCenterCafe.Everyday,standardandvegetarianlunchmenusareavailableandcomewithawaterbottleandtwosnacks.Allordersorcancellationsmustbemadeby4:

00pmonWednesday.

   $45for5-daycampweek

   $36for4-daycampweek

（1）Whichprogramcanacamperwithabudgetof$35choose?

A.LunchattheOverlakeSchool.

B.LunchatViewSeattle.

C.LunchatSt.ThomasSchool.

D.LunchatPacificScienceCenter.

（2）WhatarecampersforLunchatViewSeattlerequiredtodo?

A.Stayfarawayfromanythingwithallergies.

B.Choosetheirlunchpreferencesinadvance.

C.Avoidbringingtheirownlunchforanyreason.

D.Sendemailstoofferadviceonimprovinglunch.

（3）Whatdothelasttwoprogramshaveincommon?

A.TheyreceiveregistrationsonlyonWednesday.

B.Theyencouragecamperstobringsomesnacks.

C.Theyaremainlyintendedforvegetariancampers.

D.Theyprovidecamperswithtwosnackseachday.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，向露营者介绍了一些午餐项目的相关信息。

（1）考查细节理解。

对比四个项目的价格可知,预算是35美元的露营者只能选择LunchattheOverlakeSchool这个项目。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据LunchatViewSeattle部分中的“Twoweeksbe