职称英语理工类押题精品.docx

职称英语理工类押题精品.docx

《职称英语理工类押题精品.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《职称英语理工类押题精品.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

职称英语理工类押题精品

第八篇ABiologicalClock一个生物时钟

Everylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Thebiologicalclocktells

（1）humanswhentoformflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen1.Ittells

（2）insectswhentoleavetheprotectivecocoon茧andflyaway,andittellsanimalsandhumanbeingswhentoeat,sleepandwake.

Eventsoutsidetheplantandanimal（3）affecttheactionsofsomebiologicalclocks.Scientistsrecentlyfound,forexample,thatatinyanimalchangesthecolorofitsfur（4）becausethenumberofhoursofdaylight.Intheshort（5）daysofwinter,itsfurbecomeswhite.Thefurbecomesgraybrownincolorinthelongerhoursofdaylightsummer.

Innersignalscontrolotherbiologicalclocks.Germanscientistsfoundthatsomekindofinternalclockseemstoorderbirdstobegintheirlongmigration（6）flighttwiceeachyear.Birds（7）preventedfromflyingbecomerestlesswhenitistimeforthetrip,（8）buttheybecomecalmagainwhenthetimeoftheflighthasended.

Scientistssaytheyarebeginningtolearnwhich（9）partsofthebraincontainbiologicalclocks.AnAmericanresearcher,MartinMoorhead,saidasmallgroupofcellsnearthefrontofthebrain（10）seemstocontrolthetimingofsomeofouractions.These（11）cellstellapersonwhento（12）awaken,whentosleepandwhentoseekfood.Scientistssaythereprobablyareotherbiologicalclockcellsthatcontrolotherbodyactivities.

Dr.Moorheadisstudying（13）howourbiologicalclocksaffectthewaywedoourwork2.Forexample,mostofushavegreatdifficultyifwemustoftenchangetodifferentworkhours.

（14）Itcantake3manydaysforahumanbodytoacceptthemajorchangeinworkhours.Dr.Moorheadsaidindustrialofficialsshouldhaveabetterunderstandingofbiologicalclocksandhowtheyaffectworkers.Hesaid（15）suchunderstandingcouldcutsicknessandaccidentsatworkandwouldhelpincreaseafactory’sproduction.

第九篇WonderWebs惊奇网络

Spiderwebsaremorethanhomes,andtheyareingenioustraps.Andtheworld’sbestwebspinnermaybetheGoldenOrbWeaverspider.ThefemaleOrbWeaverspinsaweboffibersthinenoughtobeinvisibletoinsectprey,yet

（1）toughenoughtosnareaflyingbirdwithoutbreaking.

Thesecretoftheweb’sstrength?

Atypeofsuper-resilient

（2）silkcalleddragline.Whenthefemalespiderisreadyto（3）weavetheweb’sspokesandframe,sheusesherlegstodrawtheairythreadoutthroughahollownozzleinherbelly.Draglineisnotsticky,sothespidercanracebackandforthalong（4）ittospintheweb’strademarkspiral.恒星英语论坛

Unlikesomespidersthatweaveanewwebeveryday,aGoldenOrbWeaver（5）reusesherhandiworkuntilitfallsapart,sometimesnotfortwoyears.ThesilkythreadisfivetimesstrongerthansteelbyweightandabsorbstheforceofanimpactthreetimesbetterthanKevlar,ahigh-strengthhuman-made（6）materialusedinbullet-proofvests.Andthankstoitshightensilestrength,ortheabilitytoresistbreakingunderthepullingforcecalledtension,asinglestrandcanstretchupto40percentlongerthanitsoriginal（7）lengthandsnapbackaswellasnew.Nohuman-madefiberevencomes（8）close.

Itisno（9）wondermanufacturersareclamoringforspidersilk.Intheconsumerpipeline:

High-performancefabricsforathletesandstockingsthatneverrun.Thinkparachutecordsandsuspensionbridgecables.Asteady（10）supplyofspidersilkwouldbeworthbillionsofdollars–buthowtoproduceit?

Harvestingsilkonspiderfarmsdoesnot（11）workbecausetheterritorialarthropodshaveatendencytodevourtheirneighbors.

Now,scientistsatthebiotechnologycompanyNexiaarespinningartificialsilkmodeledafterGoldenOrbdragline.The（12）firststep:

extractsilk-makinggenesfromthespiders.Next,implantthegenesintogoateggcells.Thenannygoatsthatgrowfromtheeggssecretedraglinesilkproteinsintheir（13）milk.“Theyounggoatspassonthesilk-makinggenewithout（14）anyhelpfromus,”saysNexiapresidentJeffreyTurner.Nexiaisstillperfectingthespinningprocess,buttheyhopeartificialspidersilkwillsoonbesnaggingcustomers（15）asfastastherealthingsnagsbugs.

第十篇ChickenSoupfortheSoul：

ComfortFoodFightsLoneliness心灵鸡汤：

爽心食品排解孤独感

   Mashedpotatoes,macaroniandcheese,maybebadforyourarteries．1butaccordingtoastudyinPsychologicalScience,they’regoodforyourheartand2emotions．Thestudyfocuseson“comfortfood”andhowitmakespeoplefeel．

"Forme3personally,foodhasalwaysplayedabigroleinmyfamily,”saysJordanTroisi,agraduatestudentattheUniversityofBuffalo,andleadauthoronthestudy．Thestudycameoutoftheresearchprogramofhisco—authorShiraGabriel．Ithas4lookedatnon-humanthingsthatmayaffecthumanemotions．Somepeoplereducelonelinessbybondingwiththeir5favoriteTVshow,buildingvirtualrelationshipswithapopsongsingerorlookingatpicturesoflovedones．TroisiandGabrielwonderedifcomfortfoodcouldhavethesameeffect6bymakingpeoplethinkoftheirnearestanddearest.

Inoneexperiment,inordertomake7participantsfeellonely,theresearchershadthemwriteforsixminutesaboutafightwithsomeoneclosetothem．Othersweregivenanemotionallyneutralwritingassignment.Then,somepeopleineach8groupwroteabouttheexperienceofeatingacomfortfoodandotherswroteabouteatinganewfood．9Finally,theresearchershadparticipants10completequestionsabouttheirlevelsofloneliness．

Writingaboutafightwithaclosepersonmadepeoplefeellonely．Butpeoplewhoweregenerally11secureintheirrelationshipswouldfeellesslonelybywritingaboutacomfortfood．"Wehavefoundthatcomfortfoodsareconsistentlyassociatedwiththoseclosetous．"saysTroisi．"Thinkingaboutorconsumingthesefoodslaterthenservesasareminderofthosecloseothers．"In12theiressaysoncomfortfood,manypeoplewroteaboutthe13experienceofeatingfoodwithfamilyandfriends.

Inanotherexperiment,14eatingchickensoupinthelabmadepeoplethinkmoreaboutrelationships,butonlyiftheyconsideredchickensouptobeacomfortfood．Thiswasaquestiontheyhadbeenaskedlongbeforetheexperiment,alongwithmanyotherquestions,sotheywouldn’trememberit.

Throughouteveryone’sdailylivestheyexperiencestress,oftenassociatedwithour15connectionswithothers,"Troisisays．"ComfortfoodCanbeaneasyremedyforloneliness． 

*第十一篇ClimateChangePosesMajorRisksforUnpreparedCities气候变化给不备城市带来重大风险

     Anewexaminationofurbanpolicieshasbeen 1carriedoutrecentlybyPatriciaRomeroLankao．Sheisasociologistspecializinginclimatechangeand  2urban development．Shewarnsthat manyoftheworld’sfast-growingurbanareas，especiallyindevelopingcountries．willlikelysuffer fromtheimpactsofchangingclimate．Herworkalsoconcludesthatmostcitiesarefailingto3reduceemissionsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhouse4gases ．These gasesareknown toaffecttheatmosphere．”Climatechangeisadeeplylocalissueandposesprofoundthreatstothegrowingcitiesoftheworld,”saysRomeroLankao.”Buttoofewcitiesaredevelopingeffectivestrategiesto5protect  theirresidents."

    Citiesare  6major sourcesofgreenhousegases．Andurbanpopulationsarelikelytobeamongthosemostseverelyaffectedbyfutureclimatechange.Lankao’sfindings  highlightwaysinwhichcity-residentsareparticularlyvulnerable,andsuggestpolicyinterventionsthatcouldofferimmediateandlonger-term  7 benefits  ．

    Thelocationsanddenseconstructionpatternsofcitiesoftenplacetheirpopulationsatgreaterriskfornaturaldisasters.Potential   8threats   associatedwithclimateincludestormsurgesand prolongedhotweather.Stormsurgescanfloodcoastalareasandprolongedhotweathercanheat   9heavily  pavedcitiesmorethansurroundingareas．Theimpactsofsuchnaturaleventscanbemoreseriousinanurbanenvironment．Forexample，aprolongedheatwavecanincreaseexisting levelsofairpollution，causing  widespreadhealthproblems．Poorerneighborhoodsthat  may  10lack  basicfacilitiessuchasdrinkingwateroradependablenetworkofroads，areespeciallyvulnerabletonaturaldisasters．Manyresidentsinpoorercountriesliveinsubstandardhousing 11without accesstoreliabledrinkingwater，roadsandbasicservices. 

     Localgovernments,  12therefore,shouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheirresidents.”Unfortunately，theytendtomovetowardsrhetoric  13ratherthan meaningfulresponses,  RomeroLankaowrites,”Theydon’timposeconstructionstandardsthatcouldreduceheatingandairconditioningneeds.Theydon'temphasizemasstransitandreduce  14automobile use.Infact,manylocal  governments  aretaking  ahands—off  approach.”Thus,sheurgesthemto change their 15idle  policiesandtotakestrongstepstopreventtheharmfuleffectsofclimatechangeoncities.

★*第十二篇FreeStatinsWithFastFoodCouldNeutralizeHeartRisk快餐加免费降胆固醇药物可以降低罹患心脏病的风险

 Fastfoodoutletscouldprovidestatindrugsfreeof  1charge sothatcustomerscanreducetheheartdiseasedangersoffattyfood,researchersatImperialCollegeLondon  2suggest in anewstudy．

    Statinsreducethe 3amount ofunhealthy”LDL”cholesterolintheblood.Awealthoftrial datahasproventhemtobehighlyeffectiveatloweringaperson’sheartattack 4risk .

    Inapaperpublishedinthe AmericanJournalofCardiology，DrDarrelFrancisandcolleaguescalculatethatthereductioninheartattackriskofferedbyastatinis 5enough tooffsettheincreaseinheartattackriskfrom   6eating a cheeseburgeranddrinkingamilkshake．

    DrFrancis，fromtheNationalHeartandLungInstituteatImperialColle