职称英语理工类押题精品.docx

1、职称英语理工类押题精品第八篇 A Biological Clock一个生物时钟Every living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. The biological clock tells (1) humans when to form flowers and when the flowers should open1. It tells (2) insects when to leave the protective cocoon茧 and fly away, and it t

2、ells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake.Events outside the plant and animal (3) affect the actions of some biological clocks. Scientists recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur (4) because the number of hours of daylight. In the short (5) days o

3、f winter, its fur becomes white. The fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight summer.Inner signals control other biological clocks. German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration (6) flight twice each year. Birds (7)

4、 prevented from flying become restless when it is time for the trip, (8) but they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.Scientists say they are beginning to learn which (9) parts of the brain contain biological clocks. An American researcher, Martin Moorhead, said a small group of

5、cells near the front of the brain (10) seems to control the timing of some of our actions. These (11) cells tell a person when to (12) awaken, when to sleep and when to seek food. Scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities.Dr. Moorhead is studyi

6、ng (13) how our biological clocks affect the way we do our work2. For example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours. (14) It can take3 many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours. Dr. Moorhead said industrial officials should have a

7、 better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers. He said (15) such understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and would help increase a factorys production.第九篇Wonder Webs惊奇网络 Spider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps. And the worlds best web spi

8、nner may be the Golden Orb Weaver spider. The female Orb Weaver spins a web of fibers thin enough to be invisible to insect prey, yet (1)tough enough to snare a flying bird without breaking. The secret of the webs strength? A type of super-resilient (2)silk called dragline. When the female spider is

9、 ready to (3)weave the webs spokes and frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy thread out through a hollow nozzle in her belly. Dragline is not sticky, so the spider can race back and forth along (4)it to spin the webs trademark spiral.恒星英语论坛 Unlike some spiders that weave a new web every day, a G

10、olden Orb Weaver (5)reuses her handiwork until it falls apart, sometimes not for two years. The silky thread is five times stronger than steel by weight and absorbs the force of an impact three times better than Kevlar, a high-strength human-made (6)material used in bullet-proof vests. And thanks to

11、 its high tensile strength, or the ability to resist breaking under the pulling force called tension, a single strand can stretch up to 40 percent longer than its original (7)length and snap back as well as new. No human-made fiber even comes (8)close . It is no (9)wonder manufacturers are clamoring

12、 for spider silk. In the consumer pipeline: High-performance fabrics for athletes and stockings that never run. Think parachute cords and suspension bridge cables. A steady (10)supply of spider silk would be worth billions of dollars but how to produce it? Harvesting silk on spider farms does not (1

13、1)work because the territorial arthropods have a tendency to devour their neighbors. Now, scientists at the biotechnology company Nexia are spinning artificial silk modeled after Golden Orb dragline. The (12)first step: extract silk-making genes from the spiders. Next, implant the genes into goat eg

14、g cells. The nanny goats that grow from the eggs secrete dragline silk proteins in their (13)milk . “The young goats pass on the silk-making gene without (14)any help from us,” says Nexia president Jeffrey Turner. Nexia is still perfecting the spinning process, but they hope artificial spider silk w

15、ill soon be snagging customers (15)as fast as the real thing snags bugs. 第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness心灵鸡汤：爽心食品排解孤独感 Mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries1 but according to a study in Psychological Science, theyre good for your heart and 2e

16、motionsThe study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel For me 3 personally ,food has always played a big role in my family,” says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the studyThe study came out of the research program of his coauthor Sh

17、ira GabrielIt has 4looked at non-human things that may affect human emotionsSome people reduce loneliness by bonding with their 5favorite TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved onesTroisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same

18、 effect 6 by making people think of their nearest and dearest. In one experiment, in order to make 7 participants feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to themOthers were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then, some people in each

19、 8group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food9 Finally ,the researchers had participants 10 complete questions about their levels of lonelinessWriting about a fight with a close person made people feel lonelyBut people who were generally 11secur

20、e in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort foodWe have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to ussays TroisiThinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close othersIn 12their essays on comfort food,

21、 many people wrote about the 13 experience of eating food with family and friends. In another experiment, 14eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort foodThis was a question they had been asked long before the

22、experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldnt remember it. Throughout everyones daily lives they experience stress, often associated with our 15connections with others, Troisi saysComfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness* 第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared C

23、ities气候变化给不备城市带来重大风险 A new examination of urban policies has been 1carried out recently by Patricia Romero LankaoShe is a sociologist specializing in climate change and2 urbandevelopmentShe warns thatmany of the worlds fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countrieswill likely sufferfrom

24、 the impacts of changing climateHer work also concludes that most cities are failing to 3reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse 4 gasesThese gases are knownto affect the atmosphere”Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,”

25、 says Romero Lankao. ”But too few cities are developing effective strategies to 5protecttheir residents. Cities are6 majorsources of greenhouse gasesAnd urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankaos findingshighlight ways in which city-reside

26、nts are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term7benefits The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential8threatsassociated with climate include storm su

27、rges andprolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat9 heavilypaved cities more than surrounding areasThe impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environmentFor example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existinglevels of air po

28、llution，causingwidespread health problemsPoorer neighborhoods thatmay10lackbasic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disastersMany residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing11 withoutaccess to reliable drinking water，

29、roads and basic services. Local governments,12therefore,should take measures to protect their residents.”Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric13rather thanmeaningful responses,Romero Lankao writes, ” They dont impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning ne

30、eds. They dont emphasize mass transit and reduce14automobileuse. In fact, many localgovernmentsare takinga handsoffapproach.” Thus, she urges them tochangetheir15 idlepolicies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.*第十二篇Free Statins With Fast Food Could N

31、eutralize Heart Risk快餐加免费降胆固醇药物可以降低罹患心脏病的风险 Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of1chargeso that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London2suggestina new study Statins reduce the3amountof unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the bloo

32、d. A wealth of trialdata has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a persons heart attack4risk . In a paper published in theAmerican Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is 5enoughto offset the increase in heart attack risk from6eatingacheeseburger and drinking a milkshake Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial Colle