全国高等教育自学考试英语阅读二试题课程代码00596.docx

全国高等教育自学考试英语阅读二试题课程代码00596.docx

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全国高等教育自学考试英语阅读二试题课程代码00596

全国2011年10月高等教育自学考试

英语阅读

（二）试题

课程代码：

00596

全部题目用英文作答（翻译题除外），请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上

I.ReadingComprehension（50points,2pointsforeach）

Directions:

Inthispartofthetest,therearefivepassages.Followingeachpassage,therearefivequestionswithfourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandthenwritethecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheet.

PassageOne

Towardtwelveo’clock,whenwewerecrossingahighland,weheardthecryofayounganimal,whichweallrecognizedtobeababyape.Wecrawledthroughthebushassilentlyaspossible,stillhearingthebaby-likecry.Thenafrightenedlittleapecameintooursight.IcouldnottellmysurprisewhenIsawthatthebabyape’sfacewaspurewhite-verywhiteindeed-pallid.Thelittleonewasaboutafootinheight.Oneofthementhrewclothoveritsheadandwesecureditwitharope.

IcalledhimTommy,towhichnamehesoonbegantoanswer.Hehadagreataffectionforme,andusedconstantlytofollowmeabout.WhenIsatdown,hewasnotcontenttillhehadclimbeduponmeandhidhisheadinmybreast.Hewasextremelyfondofbeingpettedandfondledandwouldsitforhourswhileanyonestrokedhisheadorback.

Hesoonbegantobeagreatthief.Whenthepeoplelefttheirhutshewouldstealinandmakeoffwiththeirplantainsorfish.Hewatchedverycarefullytillallhadleftthehouse,anditwasdifficulttocatchhimintheact.

Frommehestoleconstantly.Hesoonfoundoutthatmyhutwasbetterfurnishedwithripebananasandotherfruitthananyother;andalsohediscoveredthatthebesttimetostealfrommewaswhenIwasasleepinthemorning.Atthattimeheusedtocrawlinonhistiptoes,moveslylytowardmybed,lookatmyclosedeyes,and,ifhesawnomovement,withanairofgreatreliefgoupandpluckseveralplantains.IfIstirredintheleasthewasofflikeaflash,andwouldpresentlyreenterforanotherinspection.Ifmyeyeswereopenwhenhecameinonsuchapredatorytrip,heatoncecameuptomewithanhonestface,andclimbedonandcaressedme.ButIcouldeasilydetectanoccasionalwishfulglancetowardthebunchofplantains.

Hekepttherunofmealtimes,andwaspresentatasmanymealsaspossible;thatis,hewouldgofrommybreakfasttohalfadozenothers,andbegsomethingateach.Hewasveryfondofboiledmeat-particularlyboiledfish-andwasconstantlypickingbones.Hewantedalwaystotastemycoffee,andwouldbegofme,inthemostseriousmanner,forsome.

Tommyhadagreatdealofintelligence;andifIhadhadleisureIthinkImighthavetrainedhimtosomekindofgoodbehavior,thoughIdespairedofhisthievingdisposition.Helivedsolong,andwasgrowingsoaccustomedtocivilizedlife,thatIbegantohavegreathopesofbeingabletocarryhimtoAmerica.But,onemorningherefusedhisfood,seemeddowncast,andwasveryanxioustobepettedandheldinthearms.Igotallkindsofforestberriesforhim,butherefusedall.Hedidnotseemtosuffer,butatenothing;andthenextday,withoutastruggle,died.Iwasverysorry,forhehadgrowntobequiteapetcompanionforme.

Questions1-5arebasedonPassageOne.

1.Howdidtheauthorfindthelittleape?

A.Hesawitinremotedistance.B.Itjumpedrightinfrontofhim.

C.Hehearditsfrightenedcry.D.Hewastoldthatitwasthere.

2.WhichofthefollowingistrueofTommy?

A.Helikedtoclimbupontheauthorandscreaminhisbreast.

B.Helikedtobepettedandfondledbytheauthor.

C.Helikedtochasetheauthoraboutwhenhewasveryexcited.

D.Helikedtoplayballswiththeauthorinfrontofthehouse.

3.WhenwouldTommystealfoodfromtheauthor?

A.Hewoulddoitwhentheauthorlaystillwithhiseyesclosed.

B.Hewoulddoitonlywhenthefoodlookedinviting.

C.Hewoulddoitwhenhewasnotallowedtogetthefood.

D.Hewoulddoitonlywhenhewashungry.

4.WhatkindoffooddidTommylike?

A.Milkandjuice.B.Ripebananas.

C.Breadandbutter.D.Boiledfish.

5.Tommy__________whenhewasdying.

A.wasrestlessandexcited

B.hadagoodappetiteforwildberries

C.wasanxioustobecaredfor

D.atefewberriesandplantains

PassageTwo

Forsometimepastithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatbabies-andothercreatures-learntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto“rewards”;andthereisnoreasontodoubtthatthisistrue.Butitusedalsotobewidelybelievedthateffectivereward,atleastintheearlystages,hadtobedirectlyrelatedtosuchbasicphysiological“drives”asthirstorhunger.Inotherwords,ababywouldlearnifhegotfoodordrinkorsomesortofphysicalcomfort,nototherwise.

Itisnowclearthatthisisnotso.Babieswilllearntobehaveinwaysthatproduceresultsintheworldwithnorewardexceptthesuccessfuloutcome.

Papbeganhisstudiesbyusingmilkinthenormalwayto“reward”thebabiesandsoteachthemtocarryoutsomesimplemovements,suchasturningtheheadtoonesideortheother.Thenhenoticedthatababywhohadenoughtodrinkwouldrefusethemilkbutwouldstillgoonmakingthelearnedresponsewithclearsignsofpleasure.Sohebegantostudythechildren’sresponsesinsituationswherenomilkwasprovided.Hequicklyfoundthatchildrenasyoungasfourmonthswouldlearntoturntheirheadstorightorleftifthemovement“switchedon”adisplayoflights-andindeedthattheywerecapableoflearningquitecomplexturnstobringaboutthisresult,forinstance,twoleftortworight,oreventomakeasmanyasthreeturnstooneside.

Pap’slightdisplaywasplaceddirectlyinfrontofthebabiesandhemadetheinterestingobservationthatsometimestheywouldnotturnbacktowatchthelightscloselyalthoughtheywould“smileandbubble”whenthedisplaycameon.Papconcludedthatitwasnotprimarilythesightofthelightswhichpleasedthem,itwasthesuccesstheywereachievinginsolvingtheproblem,inmasteringtheskill,andthatthereexistsafundamentalhumanurgetomakesenseoftheworldandbringitunderintentionalcontrol.

Questions6-10arebasedonPassageTwo.

6.Accordingtotheauthor,babieslearntodothingswhich__________.

A.aredirectlyrelatedtopleasure

B.willmeettheirphysicalneeds

C.willbringthemafeelingofsuccess

D.aregoodfortheirpsychologicaldevelopment

7.Papnoticedinhisstudiesthatababy__________.

A.wouldcontinuethesimplemovementsevenwithoutmilk

B.wouldbegintomakelearnedresponsesevenwithoutmilk

C.wouldcarryoutlearnedmovementswhenithadenoughtodrink

D.wouldturnitsheadtorightorleftwhenithadenoughtodrink

8.InPap’sexperimentbabiesmakelearnedmovementsoftheheadinorderto__________.

A.bepraisedB.pleasetheresearcher

C.berewardedwithmilkD.havethelightsturnedon

9.Thebabieswould“smileandbubble”atthelightsbecause__________.

A.thesightofthelightswasamusing

B.theysucceededin“switchingon”thelights

C.theydidn’tneedtoturnbacktowatchthelights

D.thelightswentonandoffquickly

10.AccordingtoPap,thepleasurebabiesgetinachievingsomethingisareflectionof__________.

A.abasichumandesiretounderstandandcontroltheworld

B.thesatisfactionofcertainphysiologicalneeds

C.theirstrongdesiretosolvecomplexproblems

D.afundamentalhumanurgetodisplaytheirlearnedskills

PassageThree

Whentryingtounderstandwhysomepeoplehavetroublelivingwithintheirmeans,wetendtoblamefactorssuchashighinterestratesandirresponsiblespending.Nowresearchershavefoundanotherpossiblefactortoaddtothelist:

agenelinkedtocredit-carddebt.

Earlierworkhasshownthatgeneticsplaysaroleinhowwehandlemoney.Butarecentstudywasthefirsttoshowthataparticulargeneaffectsfinancialbehavioroutsidethelab.ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andtheLondonSchoolofEconomicslookedatgeneticdataandquestionnairesalreadycollectedfrommorethan2,000youngadultsaged18to26aspartoftheNationalLongitudinalStudyofAdolescentHealth.Inparticular,theylookedatwhethertheseyoungadultssaidtheyhadanycredit-carddebtandwhatversionoftheMAOAgenetheyhad.

MonoamineoxidaseA（MAOA）（甲型单胺氧化酶）isanenzymethatbreaksdownthesignalingchemicalscalledneuro-transmittersinthebrain.Previousstudieshavelinkedthelow-efficiencyversionsoftheMAOAgene-thevariantsthatcauselessMAOAtobeproducedbybraincells-toimpulsiveness.

Inthenewstudy,peoplewithone“low”MAOAgeneandone“high”MAOAgenereportedhavingcredit-carddebt7.8percentmoreoftenthandidpeoplewithtwo“high”versions,theresearchersfound,evenwhentheycontrolledforfactorssuchaseducationandsocioeconomicstatus.Forpeoplewithtwo“low”versionsofthegene,thatnumberjumpedto15.9percent.

Theresearchersweresurprisedbythemagnitudeofthedifference.“Theeffectisalmostasbigasfinancialliteracy,”meaningpeople’sabilitytodigestcomplicatedfinancialinformation,saysJan-EmmanueldeNeve,anauthorofthestudy.

But,deNevecautions,anindividual’sversionoftheMAOAgenedoesnotpredictwhetherheorsheiscarryingdebt.Thegeneaffectscredit-carddebtthewayothergeneshavebeenfoundtoplayaroleinbreastcancer:

aparticularversionofthegeneincreasesrisk,butmanyothergeneticandenvironmentalfactorsareimportant,too.

Questions11-15arebasedonPassageThree.

11.Therecentstudyhasfoundthat__________.

A.credit-carddebtismainlyattributedtohighinterestrates

B.recklessspendingisamajorcauseofaperson’sdebt

C.youngadultstendtospendmoremoneythantheyearn

D.whetherwe