化学能与热能 导学案.docx

化学能与热能 导学案.docx

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化学能与热能导学案

单元检测卷（五）

第Ⅰ卷

第一部分　阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

Everyonehasgottwopersonalities—theonethatisshowntotheworldandtheotherthatissecretandreal.Youdon’tshowyoursecretpersonalitywhenyou’reawakebecauseyoucancontrolyourbehaviour，butwhenyou’reasleep，yoursleepingpositionshowstherealyou.Inanormalnight，ofcourse，peoplefrequentlychangetheirposition.Theimportantpositionistheonethatyougotosleepin.

Ifyougotosleeponyourback，you’reaveryopenperson.Younormallytrustpeopleandyouareeasilyinfluencedbyfashionornewideas.Youdon’tliketoupsetpeople，soyouneverexpressyourrealfeelings.You’requiteshyandyouaren’tveryconfident.

Ifyousleeponyourstomach，youarearathersecretiveperson.Youworryalotandyou’realwayseasilyupset.You’reverystubborn，butyouaren’tveryambitious.Youusuallylivefortodaynotfortomorrow.Thismeansthatyouenjoyhavingagoodtime.

Ifyousleepcurledup（卷曲），youareprobablyaverynervousperson.Youhavealowopinionofyourselfandsoyou’reoftendefensive.You’reshyandyoudon’tnormallylikemeetingpeople.Youprefertobeonyourown.You’reeasilyhurt.

Ifyousleeponyourside，youhaveusuallygotawellbalancedpersonality.Youknowyourstrengthsandweaknesses.You’reusuallycareful.Youhaveaconfidentpersonality.Yousometimesfeelanxious，butyoudon’toftengetdepressed.Youalwayssaywhatyouthinkevenifitannoyspeople.

1．Accordingtothewriter，younaturallyshowyoursecretandrealpersonality.

A．onlyinanormalnight

B．onlywhenyougotosleep

C．onlywhenyourefusetoshowyourselftotheworld

D．onlywhenyouchangesleepingposition

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。

根据第一段最后一句“Theimportantpositionistheonethatyougotosleepin.”可知选B项。

2．WhichisNOTmentionedinthesecondparagraphaboutaperson’spersonality?

A．Heorsheisalwaysopenwithothers.

B．Heorshealwayslikesnewideasearlierthanothers.

C．Heorsheisalwayseasilyupset.

D．Heorshetendstobelieveinothers.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

第二段第三句中的“Youdon’tliketoupsetpeople...”跟C项有区别。

3．Whichofthefollowingshowsthepersonalityofapersonsleepingonhisstomach?

A．Heorsheiscarefulnottooffendothers.

B．Heorshedoesn’twanttosticktohisorheropinion.

C．Heorshecan’tbesuccessfulinanybusiness.

D．Heorshelikestobringothershappiness.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。

根据第三段第三句“You’reverystubborn，butyouaren’tveryambitious.”可知这种人抱负心小，故选C项。

4．Itappearsthatthewritertendstothinkhighlyofthepersonwhosleepsononesidebecause.

A．heorshealwaysshowssympathyforpeople

B．heorsheisconfident，butnotstubborn

C．heorshehasmorestrengthsthanweaknesses

D．heorsheoftenconsidersannoyingpeople

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。

根据第五段，此种人心理素质好，清楚地知道自己的优缺点，坚持正确的主张而不固执。

B

WhenaSwedishshipthatsankin1628wasrecoveredfromtheportofStockholm，historiansandscientistswereoverjoyedwiththechancetoexaminetheremainsofthepast.Theshipconstructionshowedhowshipswerebuiltandoperatedduringtheseventeenthcentury.Inthisway，artifacts，objectsmadebyhumanbeings，providedapictureofdailylifealmost400yearsago.

Underwaterarchaeology—thestudyofships，aircraftandhumansettlementsthathavesunkunderlargebodiesofwater—isreallyaproductofthelast50years.Therapidgrowthofthisnewareaofstudyhasoccurredbecauseoftheinventionofbetterdivingequipment.BesidestheSwedishshipwreck（残骸），underwaterarchaeologistshavemademoreexcitingdiscoveriessuchasthe5,000yearoldboatsintheMediterraneanSea.

Underwaterarchaeologycanprovidefactsaboutthepast.Inancientportsallovertheworldareshipssunkeninthepast6,000years.Therearealsosunkensettlementsinseasandlakestellingofpeople’swayoflifeandtheirsystemsoftradeinancienttimes.Underwaterarchaeologistswanttostudytheseobjectstoaddtotheworld’sknowledgeofhistory，buttheyhavetofighttwoenemies.Oneenemyistreasurehunterswhodiveforancientartifactsthattheycanselltocollectors.Oncesold，theseobjectsarelosttoexperts.Thesecondenemyisdredgingmachines（挖掘机）oftenusedtorepairports.Thesemachinesdestroywrecksandartifactsorburythemdeeperundersandandmud.Byteachingthepublicabouttheimportanceofunderwater“museums”ofthepast，archaeologistsarehopingtogetsupportforlawstoprotectunderwatertreasures.

5．WhatpurposedoesParagraph1serveinthepassage?

A．Toprovidebackgroundinformationofthetopic.

B．Toattractreaders’attentiontothetopic.

C．Touseanexampletosupportthetopic.

D．Toofferbasicknowledgeofthetopic.

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。

本文以在海底发现一艘沉船开篇，其目的就是引起读者的兴趣。

6．Theaimofunderwaterarchaeologyisto.

A．exploitwaterbodies

B．searchforunderwaterlife

C．studyunderwaterartifacts

D．examineunderwaterenvironment

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

从最后一段可知，水下考古的目的是研究在很久以前被淹没在水下的一些物品，进而研究当时的历史情况。

7．Underwaterarchaeologistsareworriedbecause.

A．seahuntershavebetterdivingequipment

B．theirknowledgeofworldhistoryislimited

C．dredgingmachinescausedamagetotheports

D．soldartifactscanhardlyberegainedforresearch

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“Oncesold，theseobjectsarelosttoexperts.”得出答案。

8．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A．Tointroduceayoungbranchoflearning.

B．Todiscussthescientists’problems.

C．Toexplainpeople’swayoflifeinthepast.

D．Todescribethesunkenships.

答案　A

解析　写作意图题。

本文阐述研究领域的最新分支——水下考古。

C

Forme，mygreatmomentcamewhenIactuallydecidedtoacceptanopportunitytoteachEnglishinShanghai.ThereweretimeswhenIalmostgaveupbecauseoffear.ButintheendIcamehere.

Lastsummer，aCanadianChinesewomanwhoteachesinShanghaijusthappenedtocometotheplacewhereIwasworkingintheSeattlearea.WetalkedandIsaidIhadalwayswantedtoteachabroad.Shesaid，“Cometoourschool.”“Okay，”Ireplied，butIwasn’tsureifImeantit.

Wemetlaterforcoffee.Sheansweredallofmyquestionsabouttheschool，andgavemethewebsiteaddressandtheemailaddressofthepersontocontact.Ittooksixmonthsformetofinallydecideonthejob.

Firstofall，inShanghaitherearemanywesternplacestoeatwesternfoodandlotsofinterestingthingstodo.Also，thereisagreatsubwaysystemwithdirectionsandstopspostedinEnglish.Findingyourwayaroundisachallengeinanewplace.Butthatisn’thardhere.Taxisareverycheap；youcanalwaysjumpinoneandgethome.TherearealsoalotofwesternersinShanghai，soitisfairlyeasytoaskfordirections.YoungChinesepeoplearemuchmorelikelytospeakEnglishandtheyarewonderfullyhelpful.

Iearnalmost

1,000permonthandliveinanicerentfreeapartment.MybiggestexpensehasbeenfoodasIamavegetarian（素食者）andalsoonadiet.IstillhavenotgotusedtothetraditionalChinesefood，butifyoulikeit，you’llbeinheaven.

HereIhaveagoodplacetolivein，newfriends，ahighsalary，andagoodjob.IntheUS，gettingajobatmyagehasbeennexttoimpossibleforawoman.

9．Wecaninferthatatfirstthewriter.

A．wasn’tinterestedinteachingabroadatall

B．wasn’tsurewhethertoacceptthejobtoteachinShanghai

C．knewshewouldbepopularasateacherinChina

D．thoughttheCanadianChinesewomanwasjoking

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。

根据第一段第二句“ThereweretimeswhenIalmostgaveupbecauseoffear.”以及第三段最后一句“Ittooksixmonthsformetofinallydecideonthejob.”可知一开始，作者不是很确定是否要去上海教学。

10．Accordingtothepassage，itseemsthat.

A．therearenogoodrestaurantsforthewriterinShanghai

B．thewritersometimesfeelslonelyinShanghai

C．thewriterdoesn’tliketravelinginShanghai

D．thewriterlikesherlifeinShanghai

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。

作者在第四段描述了在上海生活的便利，故可推断她很喜欢在上海的生活。

11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph4referto?

A．Livinginanewplace.

B．Dealingwithachallenge.

C．Findingyourwayaround.

D．Takingataxi.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。

根据第四段第三句“Findingyourwayaroundisachallengeinanewplace.”以及转折的语境可知，画线词指代的是前面“找路”一事。

12．Wecaninferthewritermostprobably.

A．spendslotsofmoneyeachmonth

B．livedalonewhenshewasintheUnitedStates

C．hadaverygoodjobbeforeshelefthercountry

D．feelshappytohavemadethedecisiontoteachinShanghai

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。

根据末段的内容可知作者在上海工作给她带来了很多好处，而如果在美国，她这个年纪不一定能找到工作，故可推断她很高兴自己做了这个来上海工作的决定。

D

Mostpeoplewouldsaythattheywanttoleadahealthierlife.Infact，tobecomehealthieryouhavetobewillingtomakechangestoyourdailylife，andstickwiththem.Evensmallchangesinyourdietandfitnessplanwillnotonlykeepyouhealthy，butmakeyouseeabigdifferenceinhowyoulookandfeel.

Dietaloneisnotenoughforyoutobecomehealthier.Exerciseisalsoaveryimportantpart.Youneedtohavearegularexercisethatwillhelpyouburnthecalories.Thereareseveralchoicesofregularexercise.Joiningafitnessclubisagoodwaytoensurethatyouhaveaplacetogo，whichwillallowyoutohavegoodteacherstohelpyouandexerciseclassesyoucanattend.Aerobics（有氧运动）isanexcellentwaytogetagoodworkout.Aerobicclassesofferafunatmosphereofmusicandexercise.Walkingdailyisagoodformofexercisebuttobenefitfromityouneedkeepasteadypaceandwalkoften.Youcanevenexerciseinthecomfortofyourownhome.Therearemanygreatexercisevideosthatwillgiveyouagreatworkoutandthatwillbegreatguidesforyoutofindtherightexerciseforyourbodytype.

Includingyourfamilyinyourdecisiontoliveahealthierlifeisagoodidea.Sinceyouwillbechangingyourdietandaddingafitnessplan，youwillneedtheirsupport.Ifyouhavesupportfromothers，especiallyyourfamily，yourplanwillworkwonders.Whenyouadjust（调整）yourdiet，yourfamilies’dietwillprobablybeadjusted，too