全国中考英语卷说明文类阅读理解.docx
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全国中考英语卷说明文类阅读理解
全国中考英语卷说明文类阅读理解
(北京2010)B
ThepopulationoftheEarthisgrowingfaster.ItisimportantthatwelookaftertheEarth.Weneedit.
TheEarthgivesusalotofthings.WealsogivetheEarthalot,butsomeofthethingsarenotgood.Innature,whensomethingdies,otheranimalsandplantsgetfoodfromit.Everyanimalorplantgivesfoodforotheranimalsorplants.However,animalscan’tgetfoodfrommanyofthethingsthatwe‘give’theEarth.Animalsandplantscan’teatmetal,plasticandglass.Thesethingswillstayinthegroundformany,many,manyyears.
Somerubbishisverydangerousforplantsandanimal.Insomeplace,manyanimalslivetogether.Oneanimalmakesfoodformanymoreanimals.Ifweputrubbishandchemicalsinthewater,theplankton(浮游生物)candie.Ifthereisn’tanyplankton,manyanimalshavenothingtoeat.
Sowhatcanwedo?
Don’tleaveanyrubbishinthecountryside!
Don’tmakesomuchrubbish!
51.TheEarthgivesus_______.
A.foodB.rubbishC.chemicalsD.pollution
52.Whensomethingdiesinnature,_______.
A.waterandgrassarepolluted
B.plasticandwoodbecomefood
C.otheranimalsandplantsgetfood
D.metalandglassstayintheground
53.Wemust______tolookaftertheEarth.
A.putmetalinthegroundB.usemorewood
C.keepfrogsinthewaterD.makelessrubbish
(兰州2010)B.
Becauseearthquakeshappenwithoutwarning,it’simportanttotakestepsnowtoprepare.Becauseyoudon’tknowwhereyouwillbewhenanearthquakehappens,preparesomesuppliesforyourhome,workplace,andcar.
1.Water.
Apersonneedsatleast1/2gallonofwaterdailyjustfordrinking.Storeatleast1gallonofwaterperpersonperdayandbepreparedfora72-hourperiod.Itissuggestedthatyoubuybottledwater.Keepbottledwaterinitsoriginalcontaineranddonotopenituntilyouneedtouseit.Also,docheckthe“useby”date.
2.Food.
It’salwaysapracticalideatokeepasupplyofnon-perishable(不易腐烂的)foodonhand.Haveanenoughsupplyofcannedfood,powderedmilk,driedfruits,non-saltednutsandcannedjuicesforatleast72hours.
3.Flashlights(手电筒)andsparebatteries.
Keepaflashlightbesideyourbed,atyourplaceofwork,andinyourcar.Donotusematchesorcandlesafteranearthquakeuntilyouaresurethatnogasleaks.
Prepareabattery-poweredradioandsparebatteries.Mosttelephoneswillbeoutoforder,soradioswillbeyourbestsourceofinformation.
4.Clothes.
Ifyouliveinacoldplace,youmustthinkaboutwarmth.Youmightnothaveheatafteranearthquake.Thinkaboutyourclothingandbeddingsupplies.
56.Whyshouldpeoplepreparethemselvesforanearthquake?
A.Becauseearthquakescanbeknownbeforetheyhappen.
B.Becauseearthquakestakeplacewithoutwarning.
C.Becauseearthquakesusuallytakeplaceintheneighborhood.
D.Becauseit’speople’sdailyworktopreparetheearthquakes.
57.Aboutthepreparedwater,whichdescriptionisRIGHT?
A.Apersonshouldprepare0.5gallonofwaterforoneday.
B.You’dbetteruseyourowncontainerstokeepwater.
C.You’dbetteropenthebottledwaterwhenyoubuyit.
D.Youshouldn’topenthebottledwateruntilyouneedit.
58.Youshouldprepareallofthefollowingexcept______.
A.powderedmilkB.freshvegetables
C.driedfruitsD.cannedjuices
59.Accordingtothearticleweknowthat______.
A.weneedtopreparesomesuppliesonlyathome
B.atelephoneisthemostimportantpreparedthing
C.flashlightsbutnotmatchesarefirstusedafterearthquakes
D.clothesareusedtoprotectyourhead
60.Ifyouliveinacoldplace,youshouldprepare_______.
A.somewarmclothesandbeddingsuppliesB.somehotwater
C.somebatteriesD.someflashlights
(桂林2010)D
Dreamsareexpressionsofthoughts,feelingsandeventsthatpassthroughourmindwhilewearesleeping.Everybodydreams.Butonlysomepeopleremembertheirdreams.Ourdreamsoftenincludeallthesenses—smells,sounds,sights,tastesandthingswetouch.Wedreamincolour.Sometimeswedreamthesamedreamoverandoveragain.Theserepeateddreamsareoftenunpleasant.Theymayevenbenightmares—baddreamsthatfrightenus.
Earlyinthetwentiethcentury,twofamousscientistsdevelopedtheirpersonalideasaboutdreams.AustrianpsychiatristSigmundFreudpublishedabookcalled“TheInterpretation(诠释)ofDreams”in1900.Freudbelievedpeopleoftendreamaboutthingstheywantbutcan’thave.Thesedreamsoftenhavesomethingtodowithsexandaggression(侵犯).SwisspsychiatristCarlJungworkedcloselywithFreudforseveralyears,buthebelieveddreamscouldhelppeoplegrowandunderstandthemselves.Hebelieveddreamsprovidesolutions(解答)toproblemswefacewhenweareawake.Hedidn’tbelievedreamshideourfeelingsaboutsexoraggression.Todayweknowmoreaboutthescienceofdreamingbecauseresearcherscantakepicturesofpeople’sbrainswhiletheyaresleeping.
Otherresearchersarestudyinghowdreaminghelpsourbodiesworkwithproblemsandverysademotions(感情).RobertStickgoldisaprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardUniversityinMassachusetts.DoctorStickgoldsaysthatwhenwedream,thebrainistryingtomakesenseoftheworld.HedoesnotagreewithSigmundFreudthatdreamingisthewayweexpressourhiddenfeelingsanddesires(愿望).
Scientistsbelieveitisimportanttokeepresearchingdreams.DoctorStickgoldsaysithasbeenmorethanonehundredyearssinceSigmundFreudpublishedhisimportantbookaboutdreaming.Yetthereisstillnoagreementonexactlyhowthebrainworkswhenwearedreamingorwhywedream.
请根据短文内容,选择最佳答案,将其标号在答题卡上涂黑。
(每小题2分,共10分)
71.Dreams_________.
A.arerememberedbyeveryone
B.expressallthatwethinkinourmind
C.includefewsensesandthingswetouch
D.aresometimesnightmaresthatrepeatandfrightenus
72.Abookondreamingwaspublishedby_________.
A.SigmundFreudB.RobertStickgoldC.CarlJungD.thewriter
73.Inthepassage,allthepsychiatrists_________.
A.believedreamscanhelppeopleunderstandalltheproblemsthattheyface
B.thinkdreamsalwayshidesomeone’sfeelingsaboutsexoraggression
C.studydreamanddreamingandhavetheirownideas
D.havethesameideathatpeopleoftendreamaboutthethingstheywant
74.Fromthepassage,weknowthat_________.
A.Jungthoughtthatdreamsprovidesolutions
toproblemswefacewhenwearesleeping
B.Freuddevelopedtheideathatdreamsareexpressionsofpeople’shiddenfeelings
C.scientistshaveknownquitewellwhywedreambecausetheycantakepicturesofourbrains
D.otherresearchershavediscoveredhowdreaminghelpsourbodiesworkwithproblemsandverysademotions
75.Whichwouldbethebesttitle(标题)forthepassage?
A.TheExplanationsofDreamsB.TheWaysofDreams
C.TheSolutionstoDreamsD.TheMystery(奥秘)ofDreamsandDreaming
(A)(2010·哈尔滨)
Whenwehavesmallcutsintheskin(皮肤),somethingstrangemayhappen.Thecutsareabletoheal(痊愈)themselvesinacoupleofdays.Howdoesthishappen?
Readon,andyouwillfindoutthesecret.
Everylivingthingontheearthismadeupofcells(细胞).Cellsgrowandmakenewcells.Mostcellsareverytinyandwecan’tseethemwithoureyes.Differentcellshavedifferentuses.Ourskincellsarespecialones.Thecellsonthesur
face(表面)ofourskinareolddeadcells.Newskincellsarerightunderthesurface.Thesearethelivingskincells.Theydoworkforourbodies.Theyhelpprotectourbodiesandhealcuts.
Ourbodiesmakeskincellsallthetime.Astheoldcellsfalloff,newcellsgrowinthesameplace.Eachpersonmakesabout18kgofskincellsduringhisorherlife.Surfaceskincellsfittogethercloselywithnogapsbetweenthem.Whenyoucutorburnyourself,youcanharmyourskincells.Asmallcutwillnotdomuchharm.Yourskinwillquicklyhealitselfbymakingnewskincells.Howdo
skincells.Howdoskincellswork?
First,thecellsnea
rthecutgetbiggerandmoveintothegap;Next,thesebiggercellsmeetinthemiddle.Theyformanewlayer(层)ofskincells.Finally,newcellswillgrowuntilthegapdisappearscompletely.Inthisway,yourskincangrowwellitself.
Howamazingthetinycellsare!
Nexttimeyouhaveacut,don’tworryaboutit.Maybeinafewdays,youwillbesurprisedtofindithealed.
根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
()46.Theunderlinedword“gaps”inthepassagemeans“____________”inChinese.
A.突起B.条纹C.缝隙
()47.F
romthepassage,weknowthatcells____________.
A.arelargeandwecanseethemwithourbodies
B.cangrowandmakenewcells
C.aren’tinmostlivingthings
()48.Skincellshea
lcutsinthreesteps.________istherightorder.
()49.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
A.Eachpersoncanmake18kgofskincellsev
eryday.
B.Differentcellshavedifferentusesinourbodies.[来源:
Z,xx,k.Com]
C.Theskincellshavelittleworktodointhebody.
()50.Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe____________.
A.HOWSKINCELLSHEALCUTS
B.THEIMPORTANCEOFSKIN
C.HOWTOPROTECTOURFINGERS
(咸宁2010)B
Whatmightthefuturebelike?
Herearesomepredictions:
thingstocome,thingstogo.
TheSpringFestival,themostimportantChineseholidaywheneveryonereturnshome,hascausedheadachesformillionsofChinese.Morethan2billionpeopletravelatthesametime,makinggettingtravelticketsandthejourneydifficult.Butin28years,SpringFestivaltravelmaynotbeaproblematall.Chinaplanstobuildmorethan120,000kilometersofrailwayandafasttransportationnetworkthatwillserve90%ofthepopulationby2020.AndbecausemostofChinawillbecities,peoplewillnothavetogotootherplacestofindajob,soitw