中英文对照施工工艺.docx

中英文对照施工工艺.docx

《中英文对照施工工艺.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《中英文对照施工工艺.docx（21页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

中英文对照施工工艺

1、  钢结构工程SteelProject

1.1钢结构焊接WeldedSteel

1.1.1工艺流程作业准备→电弧焊接（平焊、立焊、横焊、仰焊）→焊缝检查

ProcessReadytowork→ArcWeld（FlatWelding、StandWelding、Sidel0ngWelding、Weldingbelief）→Weldinspection

1.1.2钢结构电弧焊接:

ArcWeldingSteel:

1.1.2.1平焊:

选择合适的焊接工艺,焊条直径,焊接电流,焊接速度,焊接电弧长度等,通过焊接工艺验证;清理焊口:

焊前检查坡口、组装间隙是否符合要求，定位焊是否牢固，焊缝周围不得有油污、锈物；烘焙焊条应符合规定温度与时间，从烘箱中取出的焊条，放在焊条保温桶内，随用随取；焊拉电源：

根据焊件厚度、焊接层次、焊条型号、直径、焊工熟练程度等因素，选择适宜的焊接电流；引弧：

角焊缝起落弧点应在焊缝端部，宜大于10㎜，不应随便打弧，打火引弧后应立即将焊条从焊缝区拉开，使焊条块结合与构件间保持2～4㎜间隙产生电弧。

对接焊缝及对接和角接组合焊缝，在焊缝两端设引弧板和引出板，必须在引弧板上引出后再焊到焊缝区，中途接头则应在焊缝接头前方15～20㎜处打火引弧，将焊件预热后再将焊条退回到焊缝起始处，把熔池填满到要求的厚度后，方可向前施焊；焊接速度：

要求等速焊接，保证焊缝厚度、宽度均匀一致，从面罩内看熔池中铁水与熔渣保持等距离（2～3㎜）为宜；焊接电弧长度：

根据焊条型号不同而确定，一般要求电弧长度稳定不变，酸性焊条一般为3～4㎜，碱性焊条一般为2～3㎜为宜；焊接角度：

根据两焊件的厚度确定，焊接角度有两个方面，一是焊条与焊接前进方向的夹角为60～75°；二是焊条与焊接左右夹角有两种情况，当焊件厚度相等时，焊件与焊件夹角为45°；当焊件厚度不等时，焊条与较厚焊件一侧夹角应大于焊条与薄焊件一侧夹角；收弧：

每条焊缝焊到末尾，应将弧坑填满后，往焊接方向相反的方向带弧，使弧坑甩在焊道貌岸然里边，以防弧坑咬肉。

焊接完毕，应采用气割切除弧板，并修磨平整，不许用锤击落；清渣：

整条焊缝焊完后清除熔渣，经焊工自检（包括外观及焊缝尺寸等）确无问题后，方可转移地点继续焊接。

FlatWelding:

choiceofweldingtechnology,electrodediameter,weldingcurrent,weldingspeed,thelengthofarcwelding,weldprocessverification;Welding:

weldinginspectionclearancegroove,assemblyspacewhetheritmeetstherequirements,positioningitfirmlywelding,weldaroundisnotoil,rust;Electrodetemperatureandbakingtimeshouldberequired,therodremovedfromtheoven.tempreture-constantdrumontheelectrode,thenusedasadmission;LatinAmerica:

weldingsupplyweldingthickness,weldinglevelsandelectrodetypeanddiameter,skilledweldersandotherfactors,andtoselectappropriateweldingcurrent;filletweldarc:

fluctuationsinthepointarcweldend,theyareadvisedmorethan10mm,isnothardarc,sparkingarcweldzonefromtheelectrodeshouldbestartedimmediately.Componentintegrationandmaintainingso-rodpieceshave2-4mmgaparc.ButtWeldanddockingandcornercombinationsWeld,inWeldendslocatedarcplateandextractionplateinignitingboardthenleadstotheweldingseam,jointhalfwayshallweldjointsinfrontof2.0mmDepartmentFiringarc,weldingpiecesafterpreheatingrodwillreturntoweldtheorigin,poolfilledtotherequiredthickness,beforeforwardwelding;Weldingspeed:

Isokineticweldingrequirementstoensureweldthickness,widthuniform,whichmaskstolookforhotmetalandslagbathequidistance（2-3mm）%;Arcweldingrodlength:

differentmodelsanddeterminedthatthegeneralrequirementsofarclengthisstable,acidelectrodegenerally3-4mm,2-3mmnormallyalkalineelectrode%;Weldingperspective:

Accordingtodeterminethethicknessoftwopiecesofwelding,weldinganglehastwoaspects:

First,theanglebetweenthedirectionoftherodandweldingof60-75°;Thesecondistheanglebetweentwoelectrodesandweldingaround,thesamethicknessaswelding,weldingandweldingpiecesincidentangleof45°;Whenthethicknessrangingfromwelding,weldingelectrodeandthickandthinpiecesofweldingelectrodesideanglegreaterthantheanglebetweenthesidepieces;Arc:

admissiontotheendofeachweldshouldbefilledcrater,inthedirectionoppositetothedirectionoftheback-arcwelding,arcweldingunchangedinsidepitin1974,topreventthecraterbiteofmeat.Weldingcompleted,shouldberemovedarcOFCboardsandgrindingformation,whilethehammerdown;Slag:

Afterremovaloftheentireweldslag,weldersself（includingweldappearanceandsize,etc.）thereisnoproblem,beforerelocationtocontinuewelding

1.1.2.2立焊:

基本操作工艺过程与平焊相同,但应注意下述问题:

在同等条件下,焊接电源比平焊电流小10%～15%;采用短弧焊接,弧长一般为2～3㎜;焊条角度根据焊件厚度确定.两焊件厚度相等,焊条与焊条左右方向夹角均为45°;两焊件厚度不等时,焊条厚度不等时,焊条与较厚焊件一侧的夹角应大于较薄一侧的夹角.焊条应与垂直面形成60°～80°角,使电弧略向上,吹向熔池中心;收弧:

当焊到末尾,采用排弧法将弧坑填满,把电弧移至熔池中央停弧.严禁使弧坑甩在一边.为了防止咬肉,应压低电弧变换焊条角度,使焊条与焊件垂直或由弧稍向下吹.

Weldingprocessandthepeaceoperation:

basicwelding,buttheyshouldpayattentiontothefollowingissues:

underthesameconditions,weldingcurrentandfrictionovertheplateshort-arcwelding,arclengthisgenerally2-3mm;Accordingtodetermineperspectiveweldingelectrodethickness.Weldingtwopiecesofequalthickness,electrodeandtheelectrodearearound45°angledirection;Twoweldingthicknessranges,electrodethicknessranges,withthickweldingrodsideoftheincidentangleandtheangleislargerthanthethinnerside.withtheverticalplaneelectrodeformed60°to80°angle,arcslightlyupward,towardsthepool;Arcwelding:

admissiontotheendofthepaperthatwillcraterfilledarc,arcmovedtothecentralpoolstoppedarc.Topreventocclude,Transformationshouldlowerelectrodearcangle,orverticalrodandweldingpiecesofblowingdownslightlyfromthearc.

1.1.2.3横焊:

基本与平焊相同,焊接电流比同条件平焊的电流小10%～15%,电弧长2～4㎜.焊条的角度,横焊时焊条应向下倾斜,其角度为70°～80°,防止铁水下坠.根据两焊件的厚度不同,可适当调整焊条角度,焊条与焊接前进方向为70°～90°.

Sidel0ngWeldingsame:

basicwelding,theweldingcurrentconditionscomparedwiththecurrentlevelofweldingsmallbeeswax,2-4mml0ngarc.Electrodeangle,horizontalweldingrodshouldbebalancingitsangleof70°to80°topreventthefallofmolteniron.Accordingtothethicknessoftwodifferentweldingpieces,itwouldbeappropriatetoadjustelectrodeperspectiveweldingelectrodeandthedirectionof70°-90°

1.1.2.3仰焊:

基本与立焊、横焊相同,其焊条与焊件的夹角和焊件厚度有关,焊条与焊接方向成70°～80°角,宜有小电流、短弧焊接。

Weldingbelief、Sidel0ngWeldingandStandWelding:

thesamehorizontalwelding,theweldingelectrodeandtheincidentangleandthicknessofthewelding,weldingelectrodeandthedirectionof70°to80°angleareadvisedtoasmallcurrent,short-arcwelding

1.1.3冬期低温焊接:

在环境温度低于0℃条件下进行电弧焊时,除遵守常温焊接的有关规定外,应调整焊接工艺参数,使焊缝和热影响区缓慢冷却.风力超过4级,应采取挡风措施;焊后未冷却的接头,应避免碰到冰雪;钢结构为防止焊接裂纹,应预热以控制层间温度.当工作地点温度在0℃以下时,应进行工艺试验,以确定适当的预热,后热温度.

Welding:

Inthewinterlowtemperatureenvironmentundertheconditionsoftemperaturebelow0℃,inadditiontocompliancewiththerelevantprovisionsoftemperaturewelding,theweldingparametersshouldbeadjustedsothatweldheataffectedzoneandslowcooling.Windoverfourlevels,measuresshouldbetakentowind;Notthecoolingweldjointsshouldavoidencounteredsnow;Topreventsteelweldingcracks.interlayerpreheatingtemperaturetobecontrolled.Whenthetemperatureisbelowzerodegreeworkshouldbecarriedoutwhenaprocesstesttodetermineappropriatepreheating,heattemperature.

1.2普通紧固件连接工程施工工艺

GeneralPartsConstructionTechnology

（1）  成品进场

RefinedApproach

 普通螺栓、铆钉、自攻螺钉、拉铆钉、射钉、锚钉（膨胀型和化学试剂型）、地脚锚栓等坚固标准件及螺母、垫圈等等标准配件，其品种、规格、性能等符合现行国家产品标准和设计要求。

Ordinarybolts,rivets,andself-drillingscrews,rivets（expansionandchemicalreagents）,tosuchstronglegsstudandnutstandardparts,gaskets,etc.standardaccessories,variety,specifications,andotherproductswithexistingnationalstandardsanddesignrequirements.

（2）  螺栓实物复验

 Complexandboltskindexperience

普通螺栓作为永久性连接螺栓使用时，当设计有要求或对其质量有疑义时，应进行螺栓实物最小拉力载荷复验，其结果符合国家标准《坚固件机械性能、螺栓、螺钉和螺柱》（GB3098）的规定。

Ordinaryboltconnectingboltsasapermanentuse,whenthedesignrequirementsorquestionsaboutitsqualityshouldbecarriedoutwhenthesmallestlagboltskindcomplexloadtestingandtheresultswereconsistentwithnationalstandard《mechanicalfasteners,bolts,screwsandstud》（GB3098）.

（3）  匹配及间距

 Matchingandspacing

连接薄钢板采用的自攻螺钉、拉铆钉、射钉等其尺寸与被连接钢板相匹配，其间距、边距等应符合设计要求。

Thinplateconnectingtheself-drillingscrews,rivets,suchasitssizeandconnectingplatebymatchingtheirdistance,shouldcomplywiththedesignrequirementsandotherfringe.

（4）  螺栓坚固

 Solidbolts

永久性普通螺栓紧固应牢固、可靠，外露丝扣不应少于2扣。

Ordinaryboltshouldbefirmlysecuredpermanent,reliable,notlessthantwoexposedscrewdeduction.

（5）  外观质量

AppearanceQuality

自攻钉、钢拉铆钉、射钉等与连接钢板应紧固密贴，外观排列整齐。

Sincetheattacknails,rivetsSteel,SteelNailingshouldbesecuredsocloselyconnectedwithstickerstopologyneatappearance。

1.3高强度螺栓工程施工工艺

HighStrengthBoltConstructionTechnology

1.3.1工艺流程

Process

作业准备→选择螺栓及配套→接头组装→安装临时螺栓→安装高强度螺栓→高强度螺栓紧固→检查验收.

Readytowork→Boltsandmatchingoptions→Jointassembly→Installingtemporarybolts→Installationofhighstrengthbolts→Highstrengthboltsfastening→Inspectionandacceptance

1.3.2螺栓长度的选择

Boltlengthoption

扭剪型高强螺栓的长度为螺栓头根部至螺栓梅花卡头切口处的长度.选用螺栓的长度应为紧固连接板厚度加上一个螺母和一个垫圈的厚度,并且紧固的要露出不少于两扣螺纹的余长,一般按连接板厚加表5-2中的增加长度,并取5㎜的整倍数.

Torsionalshearlengthofthehigh-strengthboltsbolt-headboltsPlumcardtotherootofthelengthofthefirstincision.Thelengthshouldbechosenforthefasteningboltsinterconnectsthicknesswithathicknessofthenutandawasherandfasteningtheshowatleasttwoofthedetainedmorethanal0ngthread,thegeneralincreaseintable5-2bythickinterconnectsincreaseinthelengthof5mmandtakethewholemultiples.

螺栓公称直径Nominaldiameterbolts 增加长度（㎜）Increasethelength

M16             25

M20             30

M22             35

M24             40

1.3.3接头组装

Jointassembly

连接处的钢板或型钢应平整,板边、孔边无毛刺；接头处有翘曲、变形必须进行校正，并防止损伤摩擦面，保证摩擦面紧贴。

Thelinkshouldbeformedsteelplate,plateedge,noburrhole;Ajointwarping,usedtobecalibratedtopreventinjuryandfriction,thefrictionsurfacetoensureclose.

配件前检查摩擦机，试件的摩擦系数是否达到设计要求，浮锈用钢丝刷除掉，油污、油漆清除干净。

Beforefrictionmachinepartsinspection,thefrictioncoefficientwhetherthespecimendesignrequirements,floatingsteelbrushtoremoverust,oil,paintcleanse.

板叠接触面间应平整，当接触有间隙时，应按规定处理，见表5-3

Stackcontactareashouldbeformed,whenthecontactgap,shouldberequiredtohandle,asshownintable5-3

表5-3

间隙大小Gapsize    处理方法Approach

1㎜以下1mmbelow   不作处理Notprocessing

3㎜以下3mmbelow   将高出的侧磨成1：

10斜面打磨方面应与受力方面垂直

         1:

10inclinedtothehighersideoftheflowersintobythepowerandgrindingshouldbevertical

3㎜以上3mmbelow  加垫板,垫板两面摩擦面处理方法与构件相同

         Plusplate,platefrictiondealtwithtwoidenticalcompo