中英文对照施工工艺.docx

1、中英文对照施工工艺1、 钢结构工程Steel Project 1.1钢结构焊接 Welded Steel 1.1.1工艺流程 作业准备电弧焊接（平焊、立焊、横焊、仰焊）焊缝检查 Process Ready to workArc Weld(Flat Welding、Stand Welding、Sidel0ng Welding 、Welding belief) Weld inspection 1.1.2钢结构电弧焊接: Arc Welding Steel: 1.1.2.1平焊:选择合适的焊接工艺,焊条直径,焊接电流,焊接速度,焊接电弧长度等,通过焊接工艺验证;清理焊口:焊前检查坡口、组装间隙是否符

2、合要求，定位焊是否牢固，焊缝周围不得有油污、锈物；烘焙焊条应符合规定温度与时间，从烘箱中取出的焊条，放在焊条保温桶内，随用随取；焊拉电源：根据焊件厚度、焊接层次、焊条型号、直径、焊工熟练程度等因素，选择适宜的焊接电流；引弧：角焊缝起落弧点应在焊缝端部，宜大于10，不应随便打弧，打火引弧后应立即将焊条从焊缝区拉开，使焊条块结合与构件间保持24间隙产生电弧。对接焊缝及对接和角接组合焊缝，在焊缝两端设引弧板和引出板，必须在引弧板上引出后再焊到焊缝区，中途接头则应在焊缝接头前方1520处打火引弧，将焊件预热后再将焊条退回到焊缝起始处，把熔池填满到要求的厚度后，方可向前施焊；焊接速度：要求等速焊接，保证

3、焊缝厚度、宽度均匀一致，从面罩内看熔池中铁水与熔渣保持等距离（23）为宜；焊接电弧长度：根据焊条型号不同而确定，一般要求电弧长度稳定不变，酸性焊条一般为34，碱性焊条一般为23为宜；焊接角度：根据两焊件的厚度确定，焊接角度有两个方面，一是焊条与焊接前进方向的夹角为6075；二是焊条与焊接左右夹角有两种情况，当焊件厚度相等时，焊件与焊件夹角为45；当焊件厚度不等时，焊条与较厚焊件一侧夹角应大于焊条与薄焊件一侧夹角；收弧：每条焊缝焊到末尾，应将弧坑填满后，往焊接方向相反的方向带弧，使弧坑甩在焊道貌岸然里边，以防弧坑咬肉。焊接完毕，应采用气割切除弧板，并修磨平整，不许用锤击落；清渣：整条焊缝焊完后清

4、除熔渣，经焊工自检（包括外观及焊缝尺寸等）确无问题后，方可转移地点继续焊接。 Flat Welding : choice of welding technology, electrode diameter, welding current, welding speed, the length of arc welding, weld process verification; Welding : welding inspection clearance groove, assembly space whether it meets the requirements, positioning i

5、t firmly welding, weld around is not oil, rust; Electrode temperature and baking time should be required, the rod removed from the oven. tempreture-constant drum on the electrode, then used as admission; Latin America : welding supply welding thickness, welding levels and electrode type and diameter

6、, skilled welders and other factors, and to select appropriate welding current; fillet weld arc : fluctuations in the point arc weld end, they are advised more than 10 mm, is not hard arc, sparking arc weld zone from the electrode should be started immediately. Component integration and maintaining

7、so-rod pieces have 2-4 mm gap arc. Butt Weld and docking and corner combinations Weld, in Weld ends located arc plate and extraction plate in igniting board then leads to the welding seam, joint halfway shall weld joints in front of 2.0 mm Department Firing arc, welding pieces after preheating rod w

8、ill return to weld the origin, pool filled to the required thickness, before forward welding; Welding speed : Isokinetic welding requirements to ensure weld thickness, width uniform, which masks to look for hot metal and slag bath equidistance (2-3 mm)%; Arc welding rod length : different models and

9、 determined that the general requirements of arc length is stable, acid electrode generally 3-4 mm, 2-3 mm normally alkaline electrode%; Welding perspective : According to determine the thickness of two pieces of welding, welding angle has two aspects : First, the angle between the direction of the

10、rod and welding of 60-75 ; The second is the angle between two electrodes and welding around, the same thickness as welding, welding and welding pieces incident angle of 45 ; When the thickness ranging from welding, welding electrode and thick and thin pieces of welding electrode side angle greater

11、than the angle between the side pieces; Arc : admission to the end of each weld should be filled crater, in the direction opposite to the direction of the back-arc welding, arc welding unchanged inside pit in 1974, to prevent the crater bite of meat. Welding completed, should be removed arc OFC boar

12、ds and grinding formation, while the hammer down; Slag : After removal of the entire weld slag, welders self (including weld appearance and size, etc.) there is no problem, before relocation to continue welding 1.1.2.2立焊:基本操作工艺过程与平焊相同,但应注意下述问题:在同等条件下,焊接电源比平焊电流小10%15%;采用短弧焊接,弧长一般为23;焊条角度根据焊件厚度确定.两焊件厚

13、度相等,焊条与焊条左右方向夹角均为45;两焊件厚度不等时,焊条厚度不等时,焊条与较厚焊件一侧的夹角应大于较薄一侧的夹角.焊条应与垂直面形成6080角,使电弧略向上,吹向熔池中心;收弧:当焊到末尾,采用排弧法将弧坑填满,把电弧移至熔池中央停弧.严禁使弧坑甩在一边.为了防止咬肉,应压低电弧变换焊条角度,使焊条与焊件垂直或由弧稍向下吹. Welding process and the peace operation : basic welding, but they should pay attention to the following issues : under the same condi

14、tions, welding current and friction over the plate short-arc welding, arc length is generally 2-3 mm; According to determine perspective welding electrode thickness. Welding two pieces of equal thickness, electrode and the electrode are around 45 angle direction; Two welding thickness ranges, electr

15、ode thickness ranges, with thick welding rod side of the incident angle and the angle is larger than the thinner side. with the vertical plane electrode formed 60 to 80 angle, arc slightly upward, towards the pool; Arc welding : admission to the end of the paper that will crater filled arc, arc move

16、d to the central pool stopped arc. To prevent occlude, Transformation should lower electrode arc angle, or vertical rod and welding pieces of blowing down slightly from the arc. 1.1.2.3横焊:基本与平焊相同,焊接电流比同条件平焊的电流小10%15%,电弧长24.焊条的角度,横焊时焊条应向下倾斜,其角度为7080,防止铁水下坠.根据两焊件的厚度不同,可适当调整焊条角度,焊条与焊接前进方向为7090. Sidel0n

17、g Welding same: basic welding, the welding current conditions compared with the current level of welding small beeswax, 2-4 mm l0ng arc. Electrode angle, horizontal welding rod should be balancing its angle of 70 to 80 to prevent the fall of molten iron. According to the thickness of two different w

18、elding pieces, it would be appropriate to adjust electrode perspective welding electrode and the direction of 70 -90 1.1.2.3仰焊:基本与立焊、横焊相同,其焊条与焊件的夹角和焊件厚度有关,焊条与焊接方向成7080角,宜有小电流、短弧焊接。 Welding belief 、Sidel0ng Welding and Stand Welding: the same horizontal welding, the welding electrode and the incident

19、 angle and thickness of the welding, welding electrode and the direction of 70 to 80 angle are advised to a small current, short-arc welding 1.1.3冬期低温焊接:在环境温度低于0条件下进行电弧焊时,除遵守常温焊接的有关规定外,应调整焊接工艺参数,使焊缝和热影响区缓慢冷却.风力超过4级,应采取挡风措施;焊后未冷却的接头,应避免碰到冰雪;钢结构为防止焊接裂纹,应预热以控制层间温度.当工作地点温度在0以下时,应进行工艺试验,以确定适当的预热,后热温度. We

20、lding : In the winter low temperature environment under the conditions of temperature below 0, in addition to compliance with the relevant provisions of temperature welding, the welding parameters should be adjusted so that weld heat affected zone and slow cooling. Wind over four levels, measures sh

21、ould be taken to wind; Not the cooling weld joints should avoid encountered snow; To prevent steel welding cracks. interlayer preheating temperature to be controlled. When the temperature is below zero degree work should be carried out when a process test to determine appropriate preheating, heat te

22、mperature.1.2普通紧固件连接工程施工工艺General Parts Construction Technology（1） 成品进场Refined Approach 普通螺栓、铆钉、自攻螺钉、拉铆钉、射钉、锚钉（膨胀型和化学试剂型）、地脚锚栓等坚固标准件及螺母、垫圈等等标准配件，其品种、规格、性能等符合现行国家产品标准和设计要求。Ordinary bolts, rivets, and self-drilling screws, rivets (expansion and chemical reagents), to such strong legs stud and nut stan

23、dard parts, gaskets, etc. standard accessories, variety, specifications, and other products with existing national standards and design requirements.（2） 螺栓实物复验 Complex and bolts kind experience普通螺栓作为永久性连接螺栓使用时，当设计有要求或对其质量有疑义时，应进行螺栓实物最小拉力载荷复验，其结果符合国家标准坚固件机械性能、螺栓、螺钉和螺柱（GB3098）的规定。Ordinary bolt connect

24、ing bolts as a permanent use, when the design requirements or questions about its quality should be carried out when the smallest lag bolts kind complex load testing and the results were consistent with national standardmechanical fasteners, bolts, screws and stud (GB3098).（3） 匹配及间距 Matching and spa

25、cing连接薄钢板采用的自攻螺钉、拉铆钉、射钉等其尺寸与被连接钢板相匹配，其间距、边距等应符合设计要求。Thin plate connecting the self-drilling screws, rivets, such as its size and connecting plate by matching their distance, should comply with the design requirements and other fringe.（4） 螺栓坚固 Solid bolts永久性普通螺栓紧固应牢固、可靠，外露丝扣不应少于2扣。Ordinary bolt shoul

26、d be firmly secured permanent, reliable, not less than two exposed screw deduction.（5） 外观质量Appearance Quality自攻钉、钢拉铆钉、射钉等与连接钢板应紧固密贴，外观排列整齐。Since the attack nails, rivets Steel, Steel Nailing should be secured so closely connected with stickers topology neat appearance。1.3高强度螺栓工程施工工艺High Strength Bol

27、t Construction Technology1.3.1工艺流程Process作业准备选择螺栓及配套接头组装安装临时螺栓安装高强度螺栓高强度螺栓紧固检查验收.Ready to work Bolts and matching options Joint assembly Installing temporary bolts Installation of high strength bolts High strength bolts fastening Inspection and acceptance1.3.2螺栓长度的选择Bolt length option扭剪型高强螺栓的长度为螺栓头根

28、部至螺栓梅花卡头切口处的长度.选用螺栓的长度应为紧固连接板厚度加上一个螺母和一个垫圈的厚度,并且紧固的要露出不少于两扣螺纹的余长,一般按连接板厚加表5-2中的增加长度,并取5的整倍数.Torsional shear length of the high-strength bolts bolt-head bolts Plum card to the root of the length of the first incision. The length should be chosen for the fastening bolts interconnects thickness with a

29、thickness of the nut and a washer and fastening the show at least two of the detained more than a l0ng thread, the general increase in table 5-2 by thick interconnects increase in the length of 5 mm and take the whole multiples.螺栓公称直径Nominal diameter bolts 增加长度（）Increase the lengthM16 25M20 30M22 35

30、M24 401.3.3接头组装Joint assembly连接处的钢板或型钢应平整,板边、孔边无毛刺；接头处有翘曲、变形必须进行校正，并防止损伤摩擦面，保证摩擦面紧贴。The link should be formed steel plate, plate edge, no burr hole; A joint warping, used to be calibrated to prevent injury and friction, the friction surface to ensure close.配件前检查摩擦机，试件的摩擦系数是否达到设计要求，浮锈用钢丝刷除掉，油污、油漆清除干净

31、。Before friction machine parts inspection, the friction coefficient whether the specimen design requirements, floating steel brush to remove rust, oil, paint cleanse.板叠接触面间应平整，当接触有间隙时，应按规定处理，见表5-3Stack contact area should be formed, when the contact gap, should be required to handle, as shown in table 5-3表5-3间隙大小Gap size 处理方法Approach1以下1 mm below 不作处理Not processing3以下3 mm below 将高出的侧磨成1：10斜面打磨方面应与受力方面垂直 1:10 inclined to the higher side of the flowers into by the power and grinding should be vertical3以上3 mm below 加垫板,垫板两面摩擦面处理方法与构件相同 Plus plate, plate friction dealt with two identical compo