商务沟通期末复习资料.docx

商务沟通期末复习资料.docx

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商务沟通期末复习资料

国际商务沟通（双语）

名词解释：

∙Audiencebenefitsareadvantagesthattheaudiencegetsbyusingyourservices,buyingyourproducts,followingyourpolicies,oradoptingyourideas.Benefitscanexistforpoliciesandideasaswellasforgoodsandservices.

∙You-attitudeisastyleofcommunicationthatlooksatthingsfromtheaudience'spointofview,emphasizingwhattheaudiencewantstoknow,respectingtheaudience'sintelligence,andprotectingtheaudience'sego.

∙Positiveemphasismeansfocusingonthepositiveratherthanthenegativeaspectsofasituation.Tocreatepositiveemphasis

∙Boilerplateislanguagefromapreviousdocumentthatawriterincludesinanewdocument.Usingunrevisedboilerplatecancreateadocumentwithincompatiblestylesandtonesandcanencouragewriterstoseeasidenticalsituationsandaudiencesthathavesubtledifferences.

∙Achronologicalrésumésummarizeswhatyoudidinatimeline（startingwiththemostrecentevents,andgoingbackwardinreversechronology）.Itemphasizesdegrees,jobtitles,anddates.

∙Askillsrésuméemphasizestheskillsyou'veused,ratherthanthejobinwhichorthedatewhenyouusedthem.

∙Referralinterviewsareinterviewsyouscheduletolearnaboutcurrentjobopportunitiesinyourfield.

∙Asubjectlineisthetitleofadocument.Agoodsubjectlinemeetsthreecriteria:

it'sspecific;it'sreasonablyshort;andit'sadaptedtothekindofmessage（positive,negative,persuasive）.Ifyoucan'tmakethesubjectbothspecificandshort,bespecific.

∙Credibilityistheaudience'sresponsetoyouasthesourceofthemessage.Youcanbuildcredibilitybybeingfactual,specific,andreliable.

∙Nonverbalcommunicationiscommunicationthatdoesn'tusewords.Nonverbalcommunicationcanincludevoicequalities,bodylanguage,space,time,andothermiscellaneousmatterssuchasclothing,colors,age,andheight.

∙Personalspaceisthedistancesomeonewantsbetweenhim-orherselfandotherpeopleinordinary,nonintimateinterchanges.

∙

选词填空

1、Iaccedetoyourdemandthatwenotexceedthebudget.

2、Iacceptyourproposalexceptforpoint3.

3、Assupplyclerk,hehadaccesstoanyexcessmaterials.

4、Shewouldadaptherideassopeoplewouldadoptthem.

5、Iaskhimtoadviseme,butIdidn’tliketheadviceIgot.

6、Hehopedthathisargumentwouldaffecthisboss’sdecision,butsofarashecouldsee,ithadnoeffect.

7、Thetaxreliefeffectedsomeimprovementforthecitizenswhoseincomeshadbeenaffectedbyinflation.

8、Affluentcompaniescanaffordthecostofremovingpollutantsfromtheeffluentstheirfactoriesproduce.

9、Alotofplayerssignedupforthisyear’sdraft.Weallottedonefirst-rounddraftchoicetoeachteam.

10、It’samistaketotrytogauge测量theamountofinteresthehasbythenumberofquestionsheasks.

11、Therainprobablycontributedtotheaccident,butthepoliceofficerattributedtheaccidenttodrivererror.

12、Shecitedtheoldstoryofthebuildinginspectorwhowasdepressedbytheverysightofthesiteforthenewfactory.

13、Thecomplimentshegavemecomplementedmyhappiness.

14、Thecitycounciliscomposedof12members.Eachdistrictcomprisesanarea50blockssquare.

15、BecauseImissedthefirst20minutesofthemovie,Ididn’tunderstandwhatwasgoingon.Thecomplicatedplot情节exacerbatedmyconfusion.

16、IRSregulationsdon’tletuscountour25-year-oldsonasadependantbutheisstillfinanciallydependentonus.

17、Thelawprescribestheprioritiesformakingrepairs.Thisreportdescribesourplantocomply执行thelaw.

18、SusanhasadifferentattitudethanyouandI.（indirectcomparison）

19、Ihaveknownhimtobediscreetontwodiscreteoccasions.

20、Becauseourbossisuninterestedinofficespats争吵,shemakesadisinterestedreferee裁判.

21、Thereportedcouldelicitnoinformationfromthesenatorabouthisillicitloveaffair.

22、Theeminentdoctorbelievedthatdeathwasimminent.TheeminentministerbelievedthatGodwasimmanent.

23、AsItraveledfartherfromthedestructionattheplant,Iponderedthefurtherevidenceofsabotagepresentedtometoday.

24、Theauthorlookedforwardtowritingtheforewordtothebook.

25、Herword“Goodwork！

”toldhimthathewasdoingwell.

26、Sheimpliedthatanannouncementwouldbemadesoon.Iinferredfromhersmilethatitwouldbeanannouncementofherpromotion.

27、IleftmynotesonthelecternwhenIleftthepodiumattheendofmytalk.

HewaslayingthepapersonthedeskwhenIcamein,buttheyaren’tlyingtherenow.

28、IfIloseweight,thissuitwillbeloose.

29、Studieshaveshownthatcoeddormitories男女混合宿舍improvestudentmoralewithoutharmingstudentmorals.

30、Theobjectiveofthemeetingwastoexplaintherationalebehindthedecision.

31、Allpersonnelwillgetpersonalcomputersbytheendoftheyear.

32、Itispossiblethatwewillbeabletohirethisspring.Wecanchoosefrompossiblythebestgraduatingclassinthepastfiveyears.

33、Raisingthemoneymustprecedespendingit.Onlyafterweobtainthefundscanweproceedtospendingtheproceeds.

34、ThePrince,Machiavelli’sprincipalwork,describeshisprinciplesforrulingastate.

35、Ifthefederalgovernmentregulatesthesizeofletteringoncountryroadsigns,wemayaswellrelegatethecurrentsignstogarbagebin,

36、WhenIwasintroducedtothequeen,theprimeminister,andthecourtjester大臣,Ibowedrespectfully,shookhandspolitely,andwinked,respectively.

37、whiletheteachercalledtheroll,George—inhisroleasclassclown—threwarollhehadsavedfromlunch.

39、Shewasabletoexplaintheproposalinsimpletermswithoutmakingtheexplanationsoundsimplistic.

40、Duringtheearthquake,eventhestationerywasnotstationary.

41、IbelievedthatIwasuniqueinmyabilitytomemorizelongstringsofnumbersuntilIconsultedGuinnessWorldRecordsandfoundthatIwasmerelyunusual:

someoneelsehadquakedmyfeetin1993.

42、Hisverbalskillswereuneven:

hisoralcommunicationwasexcellent,buthedidn’twritewell.Hissensitivitytononverbalcueswasacute:

hecouldtellwhatkindofdayIhadjustbylookingatmyface.

SummaryofKeyPoints

∙Communicationhelpsorganizationsandthepeopleinthemachievetheirgoals.Theabilitytowriteandspeakwellbecomesincreasinglyimportantasyouriseinanorganization.

∙Peopleputthingsinwritingtocreatearecord,toconveycomplexdata,tomakethingsconvenientforthereader,tosavemoney,andtoconveytheirownmessagesmoreeffectively.

∙Internaldocumentsgotopeopleinsidetheorganization.Externaldocumentsgotoaudiencesoutside:

clients,customers,suppliers,stockholders,thegovernment,themedia,andthegeneralpublic.

∙Thethreebasicpurposesofbusinessandadministrativecommunicationaretoinform,torequestorpersuade,andtobuildgoodwill.Mostmessageshavemorethanonepurpose.

∙Aone-pagebusinesslettercostsmorethan$20.Poorwritingcostsevenmoresinceitwastestime,wasteseffort,andjeopardizesgoodwill.

∙Goodbusinessandadministrativewritingmeetsfivebasiccriteria:

it'sclear,complete,andcorrect;itsavesthereader'stime;anditbuildsgoodwill.

∙Toevaluateaspecificdocument,wemustknowtheinteractionsamongthewriter,thereader（s）,thepurposesofthemessage,andthesituation.Nosinglesetofwordswillworkforallreadersinallsituations.

∙Tentrendsaffectingbusinessandadministrativecommunicationareafocusonqualityandcustomers'needs,entrepreneurshipandoutsourcing,teams,diversity,internationalcompetitionandopportunities,legalandethicalconcerns,balancingworkandfamily,theendofthejob,therapidrateofchange,andtechnology.

∙Tounderstandbusinesscommunicationsituations,askthefollowingquestions:

oWhat'satstake-towhom?

oShouldyousendamessage?

oWhatchannelshouldyouuse?

oWhatshouldyousay?

oHowshouldyousayit?

∙Thefollowingprocesshelpscreateeffectivemessages:

oAnswerthesixnumberedquestionsforanalysisbelow.

oOrganizeyourinformationtofityouraudiences,yourpurposes,andthesituation.

oMakeyourdocumentvisuallyinviting.

oReviseyourdrafttocreateafriendly,businesslike,positivestyle.

oEdityourdraftforstandardEnglish;double-checknamesandnumbers.

oUsetheresponseyougettoplanfuturemessages.

∙Usethesesixquestionstoanalyzebusinesscommunicationproblems:

1.Whois（are）youraudience（s）?

Whatcharacteristicsarerelevanttothisparticularmessage?

Ifyouarewritingorspeakingtomorethanoneperson,howdothepeopleinyouraudiencediffer?

2.Whatareyourpurposesinwriting?

3.Whatinformationmustyourmessageinclude?

4.Howcanyoubuildsupportforyourposition?

Whatreasonsorreaderbenefitswillyourreaderfindconvincing?

5.Whatobjection（s）canyouexpectyourreader（s）tohave?

Whatnegativeelementsofyourmessagemustyoude-emphasizeorovercome?

6.Whataspectsofthetotalsituationmayaffectreaderresponse?

Theeconomy?

Thetimeofyear?

Moraleintheorganization?

Therelationshipbetweenthereaderandwriter?

Anyspecialcircumstances?

Asolutiontoabusinesscommunicationproblemmustbothsolvetheorganizationalproblemandmeettheneedsofthewriterorspeaker,theorganization,andtheaudience.

AdaptingYourMessagetoYourAudience

SummaryofKeyPoints

∙Theprimaryaudiencewillmakeadecisionoractonthebasisofyourmessage.Thesecondaryaudiencemaybeaskedbytheprimaryaudiencetocommentonyourmessageortoimplementyourideasafterthey'vebeenapproved.Theinitialaudienceroutesthemessagetootheraudiencesandmayassignthemessage.Agatekeepercontrolswhetherthemes