昆明市最新 高考英语 阅读理解练习题及答案 3.docx
《昆明市最新 高考英语 阅读理解练习题及答案 3.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《昆明市最新 高考英语 阅读理解练习题及答案 3.docx(86页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![昆明市最新 高考英语 阅读理解练习题及答案 3.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2022-12/11/aef86aba-16c1-41d6-8e53-b6c2f4f06d4b/aef86aba-16c1-41d6-8e53-b6c2f4f06d4b1.gif)
昆明市最新高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案3
昆明市最新高考英语阅读理解练习题(及答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.(2019•天津)阅读理解
Howdoesanecosystem(生态系统)work?
Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyare?
Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves?
Tofindananswer,scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs,notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.
Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator(掠食动物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(猎物),thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction(灭绝)ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare,theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.
Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable,wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies---includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.
Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean,wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale,whileonland,wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.
Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally,thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey,scientistssaysbecauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint(临界点),itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.
(1)Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs?
A. Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.
B. Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.
C. Theapproachestostudyingthespeciesintheecosystems.
D. Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.
(2)Astronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapredator______.
A. hasawidefoodchoice B. caneasilyfindnewprey
C. stickstoonepreyspecies
D. canquicklymovetoanotherplace
(3)Whatwillhappenifthepopulationsoftoppredatorsinafoodwebgreatlydecline?
A. Thepreyspeciestheydirectlyattackwilldieout.
B. Thespeciestheyindirectlyattackwillturnintotoppredators.
C. Thelivingenvironmentofotherspecieswillremainunchanged.
D. Thepopulationsofotherspecieswillexperienceunexpectedchanges.
(4)WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheexamplesinParagraph4?
A. Uncontrolledhumanactivitiesgreatlyupsetecosystems.
B. Rapideconomicdevelopmentthreatensanimalhabitats.
C. Speciesofcommercialvaluedominateotherspecies.
D. Industrialactivitieshelpkeepfoodwebsstable.
(5)Howdoesanearly-warningsystemhelpusmaintaintheecologicalbalance?
A. Bygettingillegalpracticesundercontrol.
B. Bystoppingusfromkillinglargepredators.
C. Bybringingthebroken-downecosystemsbacktonormal.
D. Bysignalingtheurgentneedfortakingpreventiveaction.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)D
(4)A
(5)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了借助食物网的数学模型,科学家们发现了一些在食物网运营的关键原则。
科学家们说;因为一个生态系统越过了它的临界点,它们很难再回来。
该系统将告诉我们何时适应人类活动,这些活动正将生态系统推向崩溃,或者甚至允许我们将生态系统从边缘拉回来,预防是关键。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.”可知,借助食物网的数学模型,科学家们发现了食物网中的一些关键原则。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Whenapredator(掠食动物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(猎物),thetwospeciesarestronglylinked”可知,当捕食者总是吃大量的单一猎物,这两个物种是紧密相连的。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhad,asurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack”可知,处于食物网顶端的食肉动物对它们没有直接攻击的其他物种的种群数量有着惊人的控制,由此可推断出,如果食物链顶级食肉动物的数量大大下降,其他物种的种群将经历意想不到的变化。
故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Ideallythesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline”可知,人类过度的活动会将生态系统推向崩溃,由此可推断出,不受控制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系统。
故选A。
(5)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warmingsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideallythesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.”可知,早期变暖系统发出紧急需要采取预防行动的信号帮助我们维持生态平衡。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
At88,mygrandmotherVerahasdementiaandbarelyrecognizesme.ButI'mdeterminedtohelpheragewithdignityandgraceinherhomeforaslongasshecan.
Since2015,I'vebeenamanageratHonor,atechnologycompanythatusesawebsiteandanapptopairprofessionalcaregivers(wecallthemCarePros)withlovedoneswhoneedahand.Iwanttomakesureweareofferingallourclients(客户),includingmygrandmother,aservicethatisaffordable,withpeoplewhoarereliable,diverseandskilled.OnSundays.Amy,mygrandmother'smost-lovedHonorprofessionalcaregiver,comesovertogetherdressedforchurch.ShelovesthetimeshespendswithAmy.That'sthebestgiftIcangiveherandthebestgiftIcangivemyself.Caregivingcanexhaustafamilyemotionallyandphysically.AtHonor,we'retryingtocreatesomethingthatmakesiteasierforwomentobemoms,daughters,andsistersallatonce.That'swhythiscompanywasbuilt.
WhatsetsHonorapartfromothercaregivingservicesisthatwe'reequallyfocusedontreatingtheCareProswell.Wepayhigher-than-averageratesandtheycangethealthbenefitsandsickleave.MostofourCareProsarewomen,andalotofthemarcsinglemothers.ThetechnologybehindourappallowsCareProstosetparameters(参数)basedonwhen,where,andhowmuchtheywanttoworksotheycancontroltheirschedules.Thecompanyalsoallowscontinuityofcare.EachCarePronotesinthecaregivers'apphowtheclientisfeelingorwhatshouldhappenonthefollowingshift.Thatway,theclient'sfamilycanstayuptodateontheirlovedone'shealth.
WhenIwasworkingwithmyteamatHonor,Iwantedtocreateopportunitiesforpeoplewholookedlikeme.I'mproudtosaythattherearesinglemomsandotherwomenwithouttraditionaleducationaltrainingwholeadteamshere.Themakeupofthiscompanyprovesthatpeoplewithdiversebackgroundscanbepartofasuccessfultechcompany.Thishastobeamodelforthefuture.
I'mconfidentitwillhappen.
(1)TheauthormentionsAmyto_______.
A. shareapreciousmemory
B. advocatecaringfortheelderly
C. showtheimportanceofcaregivers
D. informthereadersofatouchingstory
(2)WhichofthefollowingaboutHonoristrue?
A. Itallowsflexibleworkingschedules.
B. Itgiveshighersalaryandmorepaidleave.
C. Itmainlyemployssinglemothersandmales.
D. Itmatchescaregiverswithclientsatrandom.
(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"stayuptodate"probablymean?
A. Gotobedlaterthanusual. B. Getthelatestinformation.
C. Attendtosomebodyatfixedtime.
D. Accompanysomebodydayandnight.
(4)Thelastparagraphintendstotellusthat_______.
A. womenareabletoholduphalfthesky
B. successhasnothingtodowitheducation
C. Honorwillprobablyhaveabetterfuture
D. peoplewithdiversebackgroundswillbeamodel
【答案】
(1)C
(2)A
(3)B
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了老年照顾者的重要性以及Honor公司。
Honor是一家科技公司,它通过一个网站和一个应用程序,将专业护理人员(我们称之为护理专业人员)与需要帮助的亲人配对。
Honor与其他护理服务的区别在于,我们同样注重善待护理专业人士。
我们支付高于平均水平的工资,他们可以享受健康福利和病假。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“Iwanttomakesureweareofferingallourclients(客户),includingmygrandmother,aservicethatisaffordable,withpeoplewhoarereliable,diverseandskilled.OnSundays.Amy,mygrandmother'smost-lovedHonorprofessionalcaregiver,comesovertogetherdressedforchurch.ShelovesthetimeshespendswithAmy.”我想要确保我们为所有的客户,包括我的祖母,提供一项负担得起的服务,而且要有可靠、多样化和熟练的员工。
在星期天,艾米,我祖母最喜欢的荣誉职业护理员,过来给她穿上去教堂的衣服。
她喜欢和艾米在一起的时光。
可知,作者提到Amy是为了说明老年照顾者的重要性。
故选C。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“ThetechnologybehindourappallowsCareProstosetparameters(参数)basedonwhen,where,andhowmuchtheywanttoworksotheycancontroltheirschedules.”我们的应用程序背后的技术允许医护人员根据时间、地点和工作量来设置参数,这样他们就可以控制自己的日程安排。
可知,它允许灵活的工作时间安排。
故选A。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据第三段中的“EachCarePronotesinthecaregivers'apphowtheclientisfeelingorwhatshouldhappenonthefollowingshift.Thatway,theclient'sfamilycanstayuptodateontheirlovedone'shealth.”每个护理专业人员都会在护理人员的应用程序中记录下客户的感受,以及接下来轮班时应该发生什么。
这样,客户的家人就可以随时了解他们所爱的人的健康状况。
由此推知划线词的意思是"获取最新信息"。
故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段中的“Themakeupofthiscompanyprovesthatpeoplewithdiversebackgroundscanbepartofasuccessfultechcompany.Thishastobeamodelforthefuture.”这家公司的构成证明,拥有不同背景的人可以成为一家成功科技公司的一部分。
这必须成为未来的模式。
和最后一段中的“I'mconfidentitwillhappen.”我相信这将会发生。
可知,最后一段意在告诉我们,Honor可能会有一个更好的未来。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
AlisonMalmonwasendingherfreshmanyearattheUniversityofPennsylvania.US,whenshegotthenews:
HerolderbrotherBrian,astudentatColumbiaUniversity;wassufferingfromm