合同的翻译.docx
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合同的翻译
英文合同相关翻译对照
Contract与Agreement的有无区别
在英语中,合同一般称为Contract,协议一般称为Agreement。
何谓“contract”?
1999年中国《合同法》第二条对contract定义为:
AcontactinthisLawreferstoanagreementestablishing,modifyingandterminatingthecivilrightsandobligationsbetweensubjectsofequalfooting,thatis,betweennaturalpersons,legalpersonsorotherorganizations”。
根据这一定义,合同平等主体之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的协议。
,
StevenH.Gifts编著的“LawDictionary”中将contract定义为“contractisapromise,orasetofpromises,forbreachofwhichthelawgivesremedy,ortheperformanceofthewhichthelawinsomewayrecognizeasaduty.”根据这一定义,合同是一种承诺,违反承诺可以得到法律救助,某种意义上法律将履行该承诺看做是一种补偿。
L.BCurzon在其编撰的字典“ADictionaryofLaw”给contract的定义:
“Contractisalegallybindingagreement”根据这一定义,合同就是有法律约束力的协议。
综合起来,有一个相同点,就是“Contractisanagreement”,即可将合同说成是“Anagreementwhichbindsthepartiesconcerned”或者说合同说成是“Anagreementwhichisenforceablebylaw”,也可以说:
Contractsarepromisesthatthelawwillenforce。
何谓“Agreement”?
L.B“Aconsensusofmind,orevidenceofsuchconsensus,inspokeorwrittenform,relatingtoanythingdoneortobedone.”
根据这一定义,协议是对已经做或准备做的相关事宜,经过谈判、协商后取得一致意见,以口头或书面形式做出的约定。
Black"LawDictionary"有两个定义。
一个是:
“Aconcordofunderstandingandintentionbetweentwoormorepartieswithrespecttotheeffectupontheirrelativerights
andduties,ofcertainpastorfuturefactsorperformance”根据这一定义,协议即双方或多方京某些过去或将来某些事实的相关权利、义务或相关权利、义务的履行而达成的一致理解和愿望。
另一个是:
“Theconsentoftwoormorepersonsconcurringrespectingthetransmissionofsomeproperty,rightorbenefits,
withtheviewofcontactinganobligation,amutualobligation.”根据这一定义,协议即两个或多个当事人,为了约定单方责任或相互责任,就财产权利、利益的转移取得的一致同意
Contract(合同)和Agreement(协议)是不是可以互换呢?
合同的成立必须具备几个主要因素。
它们(要约和承诺构成的)协议、约因、设立法律关系的愿望和缔约能力四大部分组成。
L.BCurzon编著的“ADictionofLaw”提到:
“Contractgenerallyinvolves”
1.offerandabsoluteandunqualifiedacceptance(要约和绝对接受)
2.consensusadidem(意思表示一致,也叫meetingofminds)
3.intentiontocreatelegalrelations(建立合同关系的意愿)
4.genuinenessofconsent(同意的真实性)
5.contractualcapacityoftheparties(合同当事人的缔约能力)
6.legalityofobject(标的物的合法性)
7.possibilityofperformance(履行的可能性)
8.certaintyofterms(条款的确定性)
9.valuableconsideration(等价有偿)
Black’LawDictionary"中解释道:
Althoughoftenusedassynonymswith"contract",agreementisabroaderterm,e.g.anagreementmightlackanessentialelementofacontact."
即“协议”和“合同”经常用作同义词,但“协议”这一术语含义更广,例如协议可能缺乏合同的必备条款(essentialclauses/provisions)。
实际使用当中,协议可不受必备条款的限制,而称为合同的文体肯定少不了必备条款,有的合同将其单列,称为一般条款(Generalprovisions)。
,
1999中国《合同法》第十二条规定了八项一般条款,分别是
1.titleornameanddomicileoftheparities(当事人的名称或姓名和住址)
2.contractobject(标的)
3.quantity(数量)
4.quality(质量)
5.priceorremuneration(价款或者报酬)
6.timelimit,placeandmethodofperformance(履行期限、地点和方式)
7.liabilityforbreachofcontract(违约责任)
8.methodstosettledisputes(解决争议的方法)
上述解释说明,contract(合同)和agreement(协议)的概念虽然接近,但使用范围不同,不能互换使用。
合同是协议的重要组成部分,所有合同一定是协议,而协议不见得都是合同。
可以说具备合同成立要求的具有强制执行力的协议才是合同。
结构特点
合同类法律文件用以规定当事人的权利与义务,是预防与解决争议的依据。
合同英语行文慎密而准确,历史悠久,深含法律文化底蕴。
中文的合同开头一般先罗列当事人的名称、姓名、住所或营业场所,然后是合同正文,结尾是当事人印章、授权代表签字、职务及签字日期。
而英语合同一般以下面这类句式为开头:
Thisagreement/contractismadeandenteredintothis____dayof_____(month),_______(year)byandbetweenPartyA(hereinaftercalled"PartyA")andPartyB(hereinaftercalled"PartyB")
然后是开始陈述:
WHEREAS…THEREFORE
…Itisherebyagreedasfollows:
或以:
WITNESSETH,WHEREAS…
NOWTHEREFORE,forandinconsiderationofthemutualcovenantsandagreementscontainedherein,thepartiesherebycovenantandagreeasfollows:
接着是正文,最后是证明部分:
INWITNESSWHEREOF,thepartiesheretohavehereuntosettheirhandsthedayandyearsfirstabovewritten.
随后还包括当事人和见证人的签字。
签字日期一般在英文合同最搬弄是非是找不到的。
下面列出新加坡、美国、香港和日本的合同格式。
A.新加坡
Agreement
THISAGREEMENTismadethe9thdayofAugust,2001betweenLUCKYINTERNATIONALLTD,acompanyincorporatedin
SingaporeandhavingitsregisteredofficeatTelekBlongarRise,Singapore19569(hereinfatercalled"TheCompany")
ofthepartandJACKWong(NRICNo._________/A)of108OrcharRoad,Singapore01688(hereinaftercalled"TheMangager")oftheotherpart.
WHEREAS:
1.ThecompanyisengagedinITbusinessandrequiresapersonwiththenecessaryqualificationsandexperiencetomanageitsbusiness.
2.….
NOWITISHEREBYAGREEDasfollows:
1.ThecompanyshallemploytheManagerandtheManagershallservetheCompanyasmanageroftheCompany’sITbusinessforaperiodoftwoyearscommencingon1stdayofSeptember
2.….
INWITNESSWHEREOF,thepartiesheretohavesettheirhandthedayandyearfirstabovewritten.
THESCHEDULEABOVEREFERREDTO
合同翻译常用句型和词汇
This contract is made in two originals that should be held byeach party.
此合同一式二份,由双方各持一正本。
What is left unmentioned in contract may be added there as an appendix.
本合同未尽事宜,可由双方增补作为合同附件。
The Contract is written in quadruplicate (two for original and copy respectively) which shall becomevalid on
the date of signature.
本合同一式四份(正副本各两份)自签署后生效
This Contract is executed in two counterparts each in Chinese and English, each of which shall bedeemed equally
authentic. This contract is in 2 copies effective since being signed/sealed by both parties.
本合同为中英文两种文本,两种文本具有同等效力。
本合同一式两份。
自双方签字(盖章)之日起生效。
This contract is made by and between the buyers and sellers, whereby the buyers agree to buyand the sellers
agree to sell the under-mentioned. Commodities according to the terms and conditions stipulatedbelow.
本合同由买卖双方签订,根据本合同条款,买方同意购买,卖方同意出售以下产品。
买方 buyer
卖方 seller
项目名称 Project name
地址 address
电话 phone
传真 fax
联系人 contact person
1.详细货物清单 Detail supply list
2.合同价格 Contract value
序号 item 型号 model 尺寸 size, dimension 数量 amount, unit 单价 unit price 总价 totalprice 备注 remark 货物,运费 freight, transportation 合同总额(含安装费与税金) Contractamount incl. VAT & installation
3.付款条件 payment conditions, payment terms
4.交货地点 delivery place
5.发货期 delivery time
6.安装条款 installation clause
7.验收条款 inspection clause
8.保证条款 guarantee clause
9.不可抗拒条款 Force Majeure Clause
10.违约条款 Breach clause
11.其他条款 Miscellaneous clause
12.买卖双方信息 buyer and seller information
a long-term contract 长期合同
a short-term contract 短期合同
completion of contract 完成合同
contract for future delivery 期货合同
contract for goods 订货合同
contract for purchase 采购合同
contract for service 劳务合同
labor contract 劳动合同
contract note 买卖合同(证书)
contract of arbitration 仲裁合同
contract of carriage /Carriage Contract运输合同
Passenger Carriage Contract 客运合同
Cargo Carriage Contract 货运合同
Technology Contract 技术合同
Technology Development Contract技术开发合同
Technology Transfer Contract技术转让合同
Technical Consulting Contract技术咨询合同
Technical Service Contract技术服务合同
Safekeeping Contract 保管合同
Warehousing Contract 仓储合同
Agency Appointment Contract 委托合同
Trading-Trust Contract 行纪合同
Brokerage Contract 居间合同
Multi-modal Carriage Contract多式联运合同
contract of employment 雇佣合同
contract of insurance 保险合同
contract of sale 销售合同
Sales Contract 买卖合同
Contract for Supply of Power, Water, Gas , Or Heat 供电、水、气、热合同
Gift Contract 赠与合同
Contract for Loan of Money 借款合同
contract law 合同法
Leasing Contract 租赁合同
Financial Leasing Contract 融资租赁合同
Contracts of Hired Work 承揽合同
Contracts for Construction Project 建设工程合同
contract life 合同有效期
a nice fat contract 一个很有利的合同
a written contract 书面合同
an executor contract 尚待执行的合同
breach of contract 违反合同
cancellation of contract 撤消合同
contract parties 合同当事人
contract period (or contract term)合同期限
contract price 合约价格
contract provisions/stipulations 合同规定
contract sales 订约销售
contract terms (or contract clause)合同条款
contract wages 合同工资
contract 合同,订立合同
contractor 订约人,承包人
contractual claim 根据合同的债权
contractual damage 合同引起的损害
contractual dispute 合同上的争议
contractual guarantee 合同规定的担保
contractual income 合同收入
contractual liability/obligation 合同规定的义务
contractual practice/usage 合同惯例
contractual specifications 合同规定
contractual terms & conditions 合同条款和条件
contractual 合同的,契约的
contractual-joint-venture 合作经营,契约式联合经营
copies of the contract 合同副本
originals of the contract 合同正本
execution of contract/performance of contract 履行合同
expiration of contract 合同期满
interpretation of contract 解释合同
renewal of contract 合同的续订
此合同一式二份,由双方各持一正本。
This contract is made in two originals that should beheld by each party.
What is left unmentioned in contract may be added there as an appendix. 本合同未尽事宜,可由双方增补作为合同附件。
The Contract is written in quadruplicate (two for original and copy respectively) which shallbecome valid on the date of signature.本合同一式四份(正副本各两份)自签署后生效
∙出口合同(SalesContract)中英文版模版
出口合同(SalesContract)中英文版
编号(No.):
_____________
签约地点(Signedat):
________
日期(Date):
_____________
卖方(Seller):
________________________
地址(Address):
_______________________
电话(Tel):
__________传真(Fax):
__________
电子邮箱(E-mail):
_____________________
买方(Buyer):
______________________
地址(Address):
______________________
电话(Tel):
:
_________传真(Fax):
_____________
电子邮箱(E-mail):
______________________
买卖双方经协商同意按下列条款成交:
TheundersignedSellerandBuyerhaveagreedtoclosethefollowingtransactionsaccordingtothetermsandconditionssetforthasbelow:
1.货物名称、规格和质量(Name,SpecificationsandQualityofCommodity):
2.数量(Quantity):
3.单价及价格条款(UnitPriceandTermsofDelivery):
:
(除非另有规定,"FOB"、"CFR"和"CIF"均应依照国际商会制定的《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》(INCOTERMS2000)办理。
)
ThetermsFOB,CFR,orCIFshallbesubjecttotheInternationalRulesfortheInterpretationofTradeTerms(INCOTERMS2000)providedbyInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC)unlessotherwisestipulatedherein.)
4.总价(TotalAmount):
5.允许溢短装(MoreorLess):
___%。
6.装运期限(TimeofShipment):
收到可以转船及分批装运之信用证___天内装运。
Within_____daysafterreceiptofL/Callowingtranshipmentandpart