昆明市最新 高考英语 阅读理解练习题及答案 3.docx

1、昆明市最新 高考英语 阅读理解练习题及答案 3昆明市最新 高考英语 阅读理解练习题(及答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1（2019天津）阅读理解 How does an ecosystem（生态系统）work? What makes the populations of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting wh

2、o eats whom and how much each one eats. With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey（猎物）, the two species

3、are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction（灭绝）of one of them. And if a predator c

4、an move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction. Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small chang

5、es of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species-including species they did not directly attack. And unplanned human act

6、ivities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance. Scientists have built a

7、n early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists says because once ecosystems pass

8、 their tipping point（临界点）, it is remarkably difficult for them to return. （1）What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs？ A.The living habits of species in food webs.B.The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.C.The approaches to studying the species in th

9、e ecosystems.D.The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.（2）A strong link is found between two species when a predator_. A.has a wide food choiceB.can easily find new preyC.sticks to one prey speciesD.can quickly move to another place（3）What will happen if the populations of top pre

10、dators in a food web greatly decline？ A.The prey species they directly attack will die out.B.The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.C.The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.D.The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.（4）What c

11、onclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4？ A.Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.B.Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.C.Species of commercial value dominate other species.D.Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.（5）How does an early-warnin

12、g system help us maintain the ecological balance？ A.By getting illegal practices under control.B.By stopping us from killing large predators.C.By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.D.By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A（5）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，

13、介绍了借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了一些在食物网运营的关键原则。科学家们说;因为一个生态系统越过了它的临界点，它们很难再回来。该系统将告诉我们何时适应人类活动，这些活动正将生态系统推向崩溃，或者甚至允许我们将生态系统从边缘拉回来，预防是关键。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.”可知，借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了食物网中的一些关键原则。故选B。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“When a predat

14、or(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物)，the two species are strongly linked”可知，当捕食者总是吃大量的单一猎物，这两个物种是紧密相连的。故选C。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had, a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species

15、they did not directly attack”可知，处于食物网顶端的食肉动物对它们没有直接攻击的其他物种的种群数量有着惊人的控制，由此可推断出，如果食物链顶级食肉动物的数量大大下降，其他物种的种群将经历意想不到的变化。故选D。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back

16、 from the borderline”可知，人类过度的活动会将生态系统推向崩溃，由此可推断出，不受控制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系统。故选A。 （5）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Scientists have built an early-warming system based on mathematical models. Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allo

17、w us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.”可知，早期变暖系统发出紧急需要采取预防行动的信号帮助我们维持生态平衡。故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 At 88, my grandmother Vera has dementia and barely recognizes me. But Im determined to help her age with dignity and grace in her h

18、ome for as long as she can. Since 2015, Ive been a manager at Honor, a technology company that uses a website and an app to pair professional caregivers (we call them Care Pros) with loved ones who need a hand. I want to make sure we are offering all our clients (客户), including my grandmother, a ser

19、vice that is affordable, with people who are reliable, diverse and skilled. On Sundays. Amy, my grandmothers most-loved Honor professional caregiver, comes over to get her dressed for church. She loves the time she spends with Amy. Thats the best gift I can give her and the best gift I can give myse

20、lf. Care giving can exhaust a family emotionally and physically. At Honor, were trying to create something that makes it easier for women to be moms, daughters, and sisters all at once. Thats why this company was built. What sets Honor apart from other care giving services is that were equally focus

21、ed on treating the Care Pros well. We pay higher-than-average rates and they can get health benefits and sick leave. Most of our Care Pros are women, and a lot of them arc single mothers. The technology behind our app allows Care Pros to set parameters (参数) based on when, where, and how much they wa

22、nt to work so they can control their schedules. The company also allows continuity of care. Each Care Pro notes in the caregivers app how the client is feeling or what should happen on the following shift. That way, the clients family can stay up to date on their loved ones health. When I was workin

23、g with my team at Honor, I wanted to create opportunities for people who looked like me. Im proud to say that there are single moms and other women without traditional educational training who lead teams here. The makeup of this company proves that people with diverse backgrounds can be part of a su

24、ccessful tech company. This has to be a model for the future. Im confident it will happen.（1）The author mentions Amy to _. A.share a precious memoryB.advocate caring for the elderlyC.show the importance of caregiversD.inform the readers of a touching story（2）Which of the following about Honor is tru

25、e? A.It allows flexible working schedules.B.It gives higher salary and more paid leave.C.It mainly employs single mothers and males.D.It matches caregivers with clients at random.（3）What does the underlined part stay up to date probably mean? A.Go to bed later than usual.B.Get the latest information

26、.C.Attend to somebody at fixed time.D.Accompany somebody day and night.（4）The last paragraph intends to tell us that _. A.women are able to hold up half the skyB.success has nothing to do with educationC.Honor will probably have a better futureD.people with diverse backgrounds will be a model【答案】 （1

27、）C（2）A（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了老年照顾者的重要性以及Honor公司。Honor是一家科技公司，它通过一个网站和一个应用程序，将专业护理人员(我们称之为护理专业人员)与需要帮助的亲人配对。Honor与其他护理服务的区别在于，我们同样注重善待护理专业人士。我们支付高于平均水平的工资，他们可以享受健康福利和病假。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“I want to make sure we are offering all our clients (客户), including my grandmother, a service that is affor

28、dable, with people who are reliable, diverse and skilled. On Sundays. Amy, my grandmothers most-loved Honor professional caregiver, comes over to get her dressed for church. She loves the time she spends with Amy.”我想要确保我们为所有的客户，包括我的祖母，提供一项负担得起的服务，而且要有可靠、多样化和熟练的员工。在星期天，艾米，我祖母最喜欢的荣誉职业护理员，过来给她穿上去教堂的衣服。

29、她喜欢和艾米在一起的时光。可知，作者提到Amy是为了说明老年照顾者的重要性。故选C。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“The technology behind our app allows Care Pros to set parameters (参数) based on when, where, and how much they want to work so they can control their schedules.”我们的应用程序背后的技术允许医护人员根据时间、地点和工作量来设置参数，这样他们就可以控制自己的日程安排。可知，它允许灵活的工作时间安排。故选A。 （3）考查词

30、义猜测。根据第三段中的“Each Care Pro notes in the caregivers app how the client is feeling or what should happen on the following shift. That way, the clients family can stay up to date on their loved ones health.”每个护理专业人员都会在护理人员的应用程序中记录下客户的感受，以及接下来轮班时应该发生什么。这样，客户的家人就可以随时了解他们所爱的人的健康状况。由此推知划线词的意思是获取最新信息。故选B。 （4

31、）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“The makeup of this company proves that people with diverse backgrounds can be part of a successful tech company. This has to be a model for the future.”这家公司的构成证明，拥有不同背景的人可以成为一家成功科技公司的一部分。这必须成为未来的模式。和最后一段中的“Im confident it will happen.”我相信这将会发生。可知，最后一段意在告诉我们，Honor可能会有一个更好的未来。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 Alison Malmon was ending her freshman year at the University of Pennsylvania. US, when she got the news: Her older brother Brian, a student at Columbia University; was suffering from m