高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编阅读理解.docx

高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编阅读理解.docx

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高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编阅读理解

2019年07月30日xx学校高中英语试卷

学校：

___________姓名：

___________班级：

___________考号：

___________

一、任务型阅读

1.请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

TheCostofThinking

Despitetheirmanydifferences,allhumanbeingsshareseveraldefiningcharacteristics.suchaslargebrainsandtheabilitytowalkuprightontwolegs.

Thefirstuniquehumancharacteristicisthathumanshaveextraordinarilylargebrainscomparedwithotheranimals.Itseemsobviousthatevolutionshouldselectforlargerbrains.Mammals（哺乳动物）weighingsixtykilogramshaveanaveragebrainsizeof200cm2.Modernmanhasabrainaveraging1200-1400cm2.Wearesofondofourhighintelligencethatweassumethatwhenitcomestobrainpower,moremustbebetter.Unfortunately,thatisnotthecase.

Thefactisthatahugebrainisahugedrain—consumptionofenergy—onthebody.I'snoteasytocarryaround,especiallywhenboxedinsideamassiveskull（倾骨）.It'sevenhardertoprovidesenergy.Inmodernman,thebrainaccountsforabout2-3%oftotalbodyweightbutitconsumes25%ofthebody'senergywhenthebodyisatrest.Bycomparison,thebrainsofapes（类人猿）requireonly8%ofrest-timeenergy.Earlyhumanspadfortheirlargebrainsintwoways.Firstly,theyspentmoretimeinsearchfood.Secondly,theirmusclesgrewsmallerandweaker.It'shardlyanobviousconclusionthatthisisagoodwaytosurvive.Achimpanzee（黑猩猩）can'twinanargumentwithamodernman,butitcantearthemanapartlikearagdoll.

Anotheruniquehumancharacteristicisthatwewalkupright.Standingup,it'seasiertofindfoodorenemies.Inaddition,theirarmsthatareunnecessaryformovingaroundarefreedforotherpurposes,likethrowingstonesorsignaling.Asaresult,humanscanperformverycomplextaskswiththeirhands.

Yetwalkinguprighthasitsdisadvantage.Thebonestructureofourancestorsdevelopedformillionsofyearstosupportacreaturethatwalkedonallfoursandhasarelativelysmallhead.Adjustingtoanuprightpositionwasquiteachallenge,especiallywhentheboneshadtosupportanextra-largeskull.Humankindpaidforitsbroadvisionandskillfulhandsbackachesandpainfulnecks.

Weassumethatalargebrainmakeshugeadvantages.Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemostpowerfulanimalonearth.Buthumansenjoyedalloftheseadvantagesforafull2millionyearsduringwhichtheyremainedweakandmarginalcreature.Thushumanswholivedamillionyearsago,despitetheirbigbrainsandsharpstonetools,livedinconstantfearofmeat-eatinganimals.

TheCostofThinking

Introduction

•Largebrainsfortheirbodiesandtheabilitytowalkuprightaretwo ①___________ofhumanbeings.

The ②___________oflargehumanbrains

•Thelargerbrainsmaynotbebetterbecauseofthecost.

•Thebigbrainsmakeitharderforthebodytomovearoundandconsumemoreenergy.

•Theanimalbrainrequiresless ③___________whenthebodyisatrest.

•  Largehumanbrainsconsumemorefood,andweakenmuscles.

The ④___________ofwalkingupright

•Walkinguprightmakesiteasytofindfoodor ⑤___________againstenemies.

•Freedhandscanservesome ⑥___________purposeandperformcomplextasks.

•Walkinguprightchallengesthehumanbonestructure,and ⑦___________thesizeofbrains.

•Walkinguprightresultsin ⑧___________sufferings.

Conclusion

•Withalargebrain,humanbeings ⑨___________otherbeingsintermsofintelligence.

•Weakandmarginal,humanbeingsremained ⑩___________ofmeat-eatinganimals.

2.“Whateveryourjobis,thechancesarethatoneofthesemachinescandoitfasterorbetterthanyoucan.”

Asinnovationaccelerates,thousandsofjobswilldisappear,justasithashappenedinthepreviouscyclesofindustrialrevolutions.MachinespoweredbynarrowAIalgorithmscanalreadyperformcertain3-Dtasks（“dull,dirtyanddangerous”）muchbetterthanhumans.Thismaycreateenormouspainforthosewhoarelosingtheirjobsoverthenextfewyears,particularlyiftheydon'tacquirethecomputer-relatedskillsthatwouldenablethemtofindmorecreativeopportunities.Wemustlearnfromthepreviouswavesofcreativedestructionifwearetolessenhumansufferingandincreasinginequality.

Forexample,somestatisticsindicatethatasmuchas3%ofthepopulationindevelopedcountriesworkasdrivers.Whenautomatedcarsbecomearealityinthenext15to25years,wemustofferpeoplewhowillbe“structurallyunemployed”somesortofcompensationincome,trainingandre-positioningopportunities.

Fortunately,theSchumpeterianwavesofdestructiveinnovationalsocreatejobs.Historyhasshowndisruptiveinnovationsarenotalwaysazero-sumgame.Inthelongrun,thelossoflow-added-valuejobstomachinescanhaveapositiveimpactintheoverallqualityoflifeofmostworkers.

TheATMparadoxisagoodexampleofthis.Asthe