集成和瓦解的海洋运输港口和物流活动的经验性实例外文翻译.docx

集成和瓦解的海洋运输港口和物流活动的经验性实例外文翻译.docx

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集成和瓦解的海洋运输港口和物流活动的经验性实例外文翻译

集成和瓦解的海洋运输、港口和物流活动的经验性实例外文翻译

本科毕业论文外文翻译

外文题目:

EmpiricalEvidenceforIntegrationandDisintegrationofMaritimeShipping,PortandLogisticsActivities

出处:

discussionpaper,200901作者:

AntoineFremont

EmpiricalEvidenceforIntegrationandDisintegrationofMaritimeShipping,PortandLogisticsActivities

In50years,containerisationhasbecomethebackboneofglobalisation.Thatithasdonesocanbeattributedtothebeneficialinteractionofthreebroadtypesoffactor:

technical,economicandorganisational.Inthebeginning,containerisationwasnothingmorethanasimpletechnicalinnovation.However,asanintermodaltool,thecontainerpavedthewayfornewandlong-termorganisationalmodelsinthetransportsector.Theseorganisationalfactorschallengedtransportactors,whohadtoredefinethedemarcationlinesbetweentheirrespectivebusinessesinordertobringreliabledoor-to-doortransportchainswithaglobalreachintooperation.Theopportunitiesthatcontainerisationofferedwouldhaveremainedadeadletterhadtheynotcoincidedwiththedeepupheavalsineconomicfactorssincethe1970s.Theverystronggrowthininternationaltradeinmanufacturedproducts,systematicallyhigherthangrowthininternationaltradeoverall--itselfhigherthanGDPgrowth--marksadeeperdivisionininternationallabour,whichwasmadepossibleonlythroughthesupportofastrongtransportsystem.

Sinceitsadventinthemid-1960s,containerisationhasbeenbringingabouttheintegrationofthetransportchainBrooks,2000.Atthesametime,shippers’logisticsneedshavebeenincreasingsteadilyastheytakeadvantageoftheopportunitiesofferedbyglobalisationtodeveloptheirproductionand/ordistributionactivitiesonaninternationalscaleandthisnecessitatessynchronisationoftheiractivitiesinspaceandtimethroughtheintroductionoflogisticschains.Themanagementofthesechainsisasourceofcontrolaswellasprovidingasourceofprofitforall--forwarders,maritimeorinlandtransportoperators,forwardingagentsorlogisticsspecialists--whoareinvolvedinthethesechainsHeaveretal.,2001.

Allinternationaltransportcompaniesnowclaimtobelogisticsoperatorscapableofprovidingacustomisedresponsetotheneedsoftheirshippingclients.Meanwhile,logisticstheorists,particularlyacademics,demonstratetheorganisationalandeconomicadvantagesofputtinginplacelogisticschainsintegratedascloselypossiblewiththecreationofthevaluechain,fromthepre-productionofgoodsthroughtothefinaldistributionstage.Whatcountsisnolongertransportsomuchastheorganisationoflogisticsservicesforshippers.Iftheyaretomeetthisdemand,carrierswouldthereforehavetointegrateawholeseriesoflogisticsfunctions,whichwouldmeanextendingthescopeoftheiractivitiesfarbeyondtheiroriginalcorebusiness.However,onedoesneedtoquestionthetermlogisticsandwhetherthereactuallyisintegrationasisassumedtobethecasetoday.Isanordinaryport-to-portmaritimetransportservicestillessential?

Doestheshifttodoor-to-doortransportservicesmeanrealverticalintegrationofthedifferentmodesoftransportbyasingleoperator?

Doesthisintegrationleadtomarginalisationofafirm’soriginalcorebusiness?

Apartfromactualtransport,isthemanagementoflogisticschainsforashipperrightfrompre-productionthroughtoenddistributionreallyascommonasallthat?

Inordertoanswerthesequestions,wewillconcentrateonthebiggestshippinglines.Today,theyarekeyactorsintransportchainsbyvirtueoftheglobalnetworkstheyhavedeployedSlacketal.,2002,thetransportcapacitytheycontrol-in2007,over80percentofcontainerisedtrafficwasconcentratedintheworld’stop20shippinglines?

andtheopportunitiesthatcontainerisationisgivingthemtoestablishthemselvesaslogisticsprovidersEvangelista,2005,chieflybecausetheycontrolthecontainers,whichcanberegardedaspartofavessel’scargohold.Containerisationhasreportedlytransformedmaritimeoperatorsintofully-fledgedlogisticsfirmscapableofprovidingabasicdoor-todoorservicebutalsoofmoreextensiveinvolvementinthemanagementofentirelogisticschains,includingtrackinganddirectoperationsonthecargoitself.Ourquestionis:

istheapparentintegrationoflogisticsandportfunctionsbyshippinglinesactuallyareality?

Howdoestheircorebusinessasmaritimelinesfarewiththeintroductionofintegration,whichwouldtendtorelegatemaritimetransportservicestosecondplaceandappearstobedeterminedbytheverynatureofcontainerisation?

Onanessentiallyqualitativebasis,intheabsenceofcompletequantitativedata,ouraimistodemonstratethattheinvolvementofscheduledshippinglinesaslogisticsprovidersinalogisticschainisstillveryd