课时提能练16.docx

课时提能练16.docx

《课时提能练16.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《课时提能练16.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

课时提能练16

课时提能练（十六）

必修4　Unit1　Womenofachievement

课时作业A：

基础层面

Ⅰ.语境语法填空

A

Aconvincingspeech1.wasdelivered（deliver）byapsychologistatyesterday'sconference2.arguing（argue）abouthowparentingstylesaffectchildren's3.behavior（behave）.Inhisopinion,childrenmustbepunishedwhentheyfail4.toobserve（observe）publicrulesandregulations.Ifachildbehaveswell,hedeservestobepraisedandrewardedthenandthere.Therearemanyexperts5.supporting（support）hisviewpoint,sayingthatkidswon'tlearnrightfromwrongifparentsdon'tintend6.topunish（punish）．

B

Thelibrarydoorisopenedat7p．m.andthestudentscomecrowding7.in.Wheneveningfalls,manystudentsenterthelibrarytoreadbooks8.inconnectionwiththeircourses.Somechoosetorefer9.toreferencebooksordictionarieswhentheycome10.acrossproblemsintheirstudies.Someevencarry11.ontheirstudiesinthelibrarytilllateintothenight.Theyknowsuccessdoesn'thappen12.bychance.Onlybyworkinghardnowcantheypossiblyavoidbeinglookeddown13.uponandlead14.aneasylifeinthefuture.

C

Amancame15.flying（fly）roundthecornerandbumpedintome.HelookedsofamiliarthatImusthaveseenhimsomewhere.Suddenly16.ithitmethathewasjustthecriminalthepolicehadwanted.WhatshouldIdo?

Tryingtostoporcatchhimmeant17.putting（put）mylifeatrisk.Fortunately,twopolicemenarrivedsoonandthemanwasarrested.Onlythen18.didIfeelmyheartbeatingfastandmylegstremblingslightly.

Ⅱ.语境短文改错

根据P6课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

IcameacrossaarticleaboutadoctorcalledLinQiaozhibychance.Oneofherbooksexplainedhowtocutthedeathratefromhavingandcareforbabiescaughtmyeye.ThenIdosomeresearchbyraisingsomequestionabouther.Furtherreadingmademetorealizeitwashardworkanddeterminedaswellashergentlenaturethatgotherintomedicalschool.Andthatmadehersucceedwasherkindnessandconsideration.Sheoftenwentlatelyatnighttodeliverababyforapoorfamily.Iwasexcitedandwantedtocarryhercareer.

[答案]　

Icameacross

articleaboutadoctorcalledLinQiaozhibychance.Oneofherbooks

howtocutthedeathratefromhavingand

forbabiescaughtmyeye.ThenI

someresearchbyraisingsome

abouther.Furtherreadingmademe

realizeitwashardworkand

aswellashergentlenaturethatgotherintomedicalschool.And

madehersucceedwasherkindnessandconsideration.Sheoftenwent

atnighttodeliverababyforapoorfamily.Iwasexcitedandwantedtocarry

hercareer.

Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子

1．一旦你理解了规则，物理就不难学了。

（once）

Physicsiseasytolearnonceyouunderstandtherules.

2．在那么重要的考试中他竟然查阅笔记，真是太愚蠢了。

（referto）

Itwastoofoolishofhimtorefertohisnotesduringthatimportanttest.

3．你把钱花在有价值的事业上是明智的。

（worthwhile）

Itiswiseofyoutospendthemoneyonaworthwhilecareer．

4．我忽然想起来忘了锁门了。

（hit）

IthitmethatIhadleftthedoorunlocked.

5．就我看来，只有通过努力学习你才能在学习上取得进步。

①AsfarasI'mconcerned,onlybystudyinghardwillyoumakeprogressinyourstudy.（倒装句）

②AsfarasI'mconcerned,itisonlybystudyinghardthatyouwillmakeprogressinyourstudy.（强调句）

课时作业B：

能力层面

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

（2019·昆明市诊断测试）Who'rehappier,menorwomen?

Researchshowsit'sacomplexquestionandthataskingwhethermalesorfemalesarehappierisn'treallythathelpful,becausebasically,happinessisdifferentforwomenandmen.

Women'shappinesshasbeendecliningforthepast30years,accordingtorecentstatistics.Andresearchshowsthatwomenaretwiceaslikelytoexperiencedepressioncomparedwithmen.Gender（性别）differencesindepressionarewellconfirmedandstudieshavefoundthatbiological,psychologicalandsocialfactorscontributetothedifference.

Earlystudiesongenderandhappinessfoundmenandwomenweresocializedtoexpressdifferentfeelings.Womenaremorelikelytoexpresshappiness,warmthandfear,whichhelpwithsocialbondingandappearmoreconsistentwiththetraditionalroleasaprimarycaregiver,whilemendisplaymoreanger,prideanddisrespect,whicharemoreconsistentwithaprotectorandproviderrole.

Recentresearchsuggeststhatthesedifferencesarenotjustsocially,butalsogeneticallyrelated.Studieshavelookedintothesefindingsfurtheranddiscoveredthatfemalesusemoreareasofthebraincontainingmirrorneurons（镜像神经元）thanmaleswhentheyprocessfeelings.Mirrorneuronsallowustoexperiencetheworldfromotherpeople'sview,tounderstandtheiractionsandintentions.Thismayexplainwhywomencanexperiencedeepersadness.Womentendtoexperiencemorenegativefeelings,suchasmoreguilt,shameandtoalesserdegree,embarrassment.

Psychologicallyitseemsmenandwomendifferinthewaytheyprocessandexpressfeelings.Withtheexceptionofanger,womenexperiencefeelingsmorestronglyandsharetheirfeelingsmoreopenlywithothers.Studieshavefoundinparticularthatwomenexpressmoreappreciation—whichhasbeenlinkedtogreaterhappiness.Thissupportsthetheorythatwomen'shappinessismoredependentonrelationshipsthanmen's.

【语篇解读】　本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面介绍了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。

1．Whichfeelingaremenmorelikelytoshowcomparedwithwomen?

A．Warmth.　　　B．Depression.

C．Happiness.D．Disrespect.

D　[细节理解题。

根据第三段最后一句中的“whilemendisplaymoreanger,prideanddisrespect”可知，男性表现更多的是生气、骄傲和无礼，故选D。

]

2．Whatfactorscausewomentosharefeelingsmoreopenly?

A．Psychologicalfactors.

B．Biologicalfactors.

C．Educationalfactors.

D．Socialfactors.

A　[细节理解题。

根据最后一段的内容可知，本段从心理方面介绍了男性和女性在处理和表达感情方面的不同：

与男性相比，女性更加公开地表露自己内心的情感。

]

3．Onecanprobablyreadthetextfrom．

A．asciencefiction

B．aculturebrochure

C．anurseryguide

D．ahealthmagazine

D　[推理判断题。

根据本文内容可知，本文主要从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。

由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康杂志，故选D项。

]

4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A．Menandwomendifferinbiologyandpsychology.

B．Menandwomenexperiencehappinessdifferently.

C．Socialroleshaveagreateffectonmenandwomen.

D．Women'shappinesshasdeclinedinthepastyears.

B　[主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异，故B项最符合文意。

]

B

（2019·成都市毕业班摸底测试）Asevolutiontendstoremovewaste,howcomeweevolvedsuchlarge,energyconsumingbrains?

Thedominanthypothesis（假设）suggeststhattoughsocialinteractionsarethedrivingforce.Butournewstudydoneinanunusualwayshowsthathumanbrainexpansionislikelydrivenbyecology（生态）．

Scientistshavetestedtheecologicalandsocialhypothesesbefore.Thecommonapproachistolookatmanyspeciesandinvestigatewhetherlargebrainsareassociatedwithspecificproblems.Forexample,doprimatesorotheranimalswithlargebrainshaveadietthatischallengingtofindbutnutritionallyrewarding?

Thiswouldindicateanecologicalorigin.Ordotheyliveinlargegroupswheretheyfacelotsofsocialproblems?

Whilemanystudieshavefoundsuchassociations,thereisaproblem.Itcannottellwhetherlargebrainsevolvedtosolvethedifficultproblemsorwhethertheyevolvedforotherreasonsandthenenabledtheirbearerstodealwiththehardproblems.

Tofindoutthecausesofbrainexpansion,werecreatedthescenarios（可能出现的情况）ofthetwohypothesesusingamathematicalmodel.Wefoundthatacombinationofecologicalandsocialchallengesdoproducethebrainsizeweseeinhumans.Butitwasecologicalchallengesthatexpandedbrains.Incontrasttothedominantviewandourownexpectation,wefoundthatsocialchallengescontributedbydecreasingbrainsize.Butyouneedbothfactorstogetthebrainsizeweseetoday—iftherewerenosocialchallengesourbrainswouldhavebeenevenlargerbutlikelypoorlysuitedtosociallife.Biggerisn'tnecessarilybetter.

Butmanyanimalsfacehardecologicalproblems.Whydon'ttheyallhavelargebrains?

Wefoundthatecologicalproblemsonlyleadtohumansizedbrainswhenindividualscankeeplearninghardskillsastheygrow.Soourresultsandthoseofothers'suggestthathardecologyandtheaccumulationofculturalknowledgecouldacttogethertoproduceahumansizedbrain.

Willthehumanbrainexpandfurther?

Thecomplexityofthesystemsinvolvedmakesitimpossibletosaymuchwithcertaintyatpresent.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。

科学研究发现，人类大脑的大小是由生态环境和文化知识的积累的共同作用决定的；大脑并非越大越好，如果大脑过大，则人类将无法适应社会交往活动。

5．Inmostpeople'sview,whatmakeshumanevolvelargebrains?

A．Socialchallenges.

B．Socialandecologicalchallenges.

C．Ecologicalchallenges.

D．Competitionwithotherlargeanimals.

A　[细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句“Thedominanthypothesis（假设）suggeststhattoughsocialinteractionsarethedrivingforce”并结合第一段内容可知，大部分人认为棘手的社会交往活动是人类大脑进化的动力，故A项正确。

]

6．What'stheproblemofthecommonapproach?

A．Itsmodelisnotreliableenough.

B．Itdoesn'ttellthecauseandeffectclearly.

C．Itshypothesiscannotbeprovedeffectively.

D．Itdoesn'tfindbrainsizeisconnectedwithproblems.

B　[细节理解题。

根据第三段第二句“Itcannottellwhetherlargebrainsevolvedtosolvethedifficultproblemsorwhethertheyevolvedforotherreasonsandthenenabledtheirbearerstodealwiththehardproblems”可知，传统的研究方法无法解释清楚大脑进化的原因和影响，故B项正确。

]

7．Whydon'tmanyanimalshavelargebrains?

A．Theydon'tlearnfromeachother.

B．Theydon'tfacehardecologicalproblems.

C．Theydon'tneedtocooperatewitheachother.

D．Theydon'tkeeplearningtoughskillsastheygrow.

D　[推理判断题。

根据第五段第二、三句“Whydon'ttheyallhavelargebrains?

Wefoundthatecologicalproblemsonlyleadtohumansizedbrainswhenindividualscankeeplearninghardskillsastheygrow”可知，只有当个体在成长过程中不断学习艰难的技能时，生态环境才会导致人类特定大小的大脑。

据此可以判断，动物在成长过程中并没有持续学习艰难的技能，所以动物没有大的大脑，故D项正确。

]

8．Whichofthefollowingdotheresearchersfindmostsurprising?

A．Animalsdon'thavelargebrains.

B．Socialchallengesdecreasebrainsize.

C．Ecologicalchallengesincreasebrainsize.

D．It'sunclearw