大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案.docx

大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案.docx

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大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案

十六

　　Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately,thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayofobergrownandunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway.

　　First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondly,pruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutdiseaedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausewounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentreandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.

　　Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease,butitisawoundthatwillheal.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthedeseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,sothatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducewhichhasbeenprunedsmoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallywithoutinterferencefromtheleavesandalsoitisveryunlikelythatthecutsyumakewillbleed.Ifthisdoeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthemproperly.

　　shouldbedoneto______.

　　thetreegrowtaller

　　theshapeofthetree

　　ridofthesmallbranches

　　thesmallbranchesthicker

　　becomeunhealthyifthegardener______.

　　toomanybranchestogrowinthemiddle

　　notprotectthemfromwind

　　themtogrowtooquickly

　　someofthesmallsidebranches

　　isaspecialsubstancepaintedonthetree?

　　makeawoundsmooth

　　preventdiseaseenteringawound

　　coveraroughsurface

　　helpawoundtodry

　　goodgardenerprunesatree______.

　　intervalsthroughouttheyear

　　quicklyaspossible

　　whennecessary

　　everywinter

　　wastheauthor'spurposewhenwritingthispassage?

　　givepraticalinstructionforpruningatree.

　　giveageneraldescriptionofpruning

　　explainhowtreesdevelopdiseases

　　discussdifferentmethodsofpruning.

　　答案：

babca

十七

　　OnThursdayafternoonMrs.Carke,dressedforgoingout,tookherhandbagwithhermoneyandherkeyinit,pulledthedoorbehindhertolockitandwenttotheover60sClub.ShealwayswentthereonThursdays.Itwasaniceoutingforanoldwomanwholivedalone.

　　Atsixo'clockshecanehome,letherselfinandatoncesmeltcigarettesmoke.Cigarettesmokeinherhouse?

How?

How?

Hadsomeonegotin?

Shecheckedthebackdoorandthewindows.Allwerelockedorfastened,asusual.Therewasnosignofforcedentry.

　　Overacupofteashewonderedwhethersomeonemighthaveakeythatfittedherfrontdoor-"amasterkey"perhaps.SoshestayedathomethefollowingThursday.Nothinghappened.Wasanyonewatchinghermovements?

OntheThursdayafterthatshewentoutatherusualtime,dressedasusual,butshedidn'tgototheclub.Insteadshetookashortcuthomeagain,lettingherselfinthroughhergardenandthebackdoor.Shesettleddowntowait.

　　Itwasjustafterfouro'clockwhenthefrontdoorbell.Clarkewasmakingacupofteaatthetime.Thebellrangagain,andthensheheardherletter-boxbeingpushedopen.Withthekettleofboilingwaterinherhand,shemovedquietlytowardsthefrontdoor.Alongpieceofwireappearedthroughtheletter-box,andthenahand.Thewireturnedandcaughtaroundtheknobonthedoor-lock.Mrs.Clarkeraisedthekettleandpouredthewateroverthehand.Therewasashoutoutside,andtheskinseemedtodropoffthefingerslikeaglove.Thewirefelltothefloor,thehandwaspulledback,andMrs.Clarkeheardthesoundofrunningfeet.

　　.ClarkeloodedforwardtoThursdaybecause_______.

　　workedataclubontheday

　　saidvisitorsonThursdays

　　visitedaclubonThursday

　　specialvisitorcameonThursday

　　someonehadmadeaforcedentery,_______.

　　wouldhavefoundabrokendoororwindow

　　orshewasstillinthehouse

　　wouldhavebeenthownabout

　　orshewouldhaveneededamasterkey

　　thethirdThursdayMrs.Clarkewentout_______.

　　shedidn'twanttomisstheclubagain

　　seeifthethiefwashngingaboutoutside

　　theclubbutthenchangedhermind

　　anattempttotrickthethief

　　lockonthefrontdoorwasonewhich_______.

　　apieceofwiretoopenit

　　heopenedfrominsidewithoutakey

　　'tbeopenedwithoutakey

　　aknobinsteadofakey

　　wirefeeltothefloor_______.

　　refusedtoopenthedoor

　　theman'sglovedroppedoff

　　itwastoohottohold

　　themanjustwantedtogetaway

　　答案：

cadbd

十八

　　Manypeoplebelievetheglarefromsnowcausessnowblindnenss.Yet,darkglassesornot,theyfindthemselvessufferingfromheadachesandwateringeyes,andevensnowblindness,whenexposedtoseveralhoursof"snowlight".

　　TheUnitedStatesArmyhasnowdeterminedthatglarefromsnowdoesnotcausesnowblindnessintroopsinasnow-covered,aman'seyesfrequentlyfindnothingtofoucsoninabroadexpanseofbarrensnow-coveredterrain.Sohisgazecontinuallyshiftsandjumpsbackandforthovertheentirelandscapeinsearchoftsomethingtolookat.Findingnothing,hourafterhour,theeyesneversotpsearchingandtheeyeballsbecomesoreandtheeyemusclesache.Natureoffsetsthisirritationbyproducingmoreandfluidwhichcoverstheeyeball.Thefluidcoverstheeyeballinincreasingquantityuntilvisionblurs,thenisobsured,andtheresultistotal,eventhoughtemporary,snowblindness.

　　ExperimentsledtheArmytoasimplemethodofovercomingthisproblem.Scoutsaheadofamainbodyoftroopsaretrainedtoshakesnowfromevergreenbushes,creatingadottedlineastheycrosscompletelysnow-coveredlandscape,Eventhescoutsthemselvesthrowlightweight,darkcoloredobjectsaheadonwhichtheytoocanfocus.Themenfollowingcanthenseegazeisarrested.Theireyesfocusonabushandhavingfoundsomethingtosee,stopscouringthesnow-blanketedlanscape.Byfocusingtheirattentionononeobjectatatime,themencancrossthesnowwithoutbecominghopelesslysnowblindorlost.Inthiswaytheproblemofcrossingasolidwhiteterrainisovercome.

　　preventheadaches,wateringeyesandblindnesscausedbytheglarefromsnow,darkglassesare_____.

　　theeyesaresoretearsareproducedto________.

　　thevision

　　snowblindness

　　theirritation

　　themuscles

　　maybeavoidedby_______.

　　tothesolidwhiteterrain

　　forsomethingtolookatinsnow-coveredterrain

　　theeyeswithsomethingtofoucson

　　theeyeballswithfluid

　　scoutsshakesnowfromevergreenbushesinorderto_______.

　　themenbehindsomethingtosee

　　thelandscape

　　themselvesinthecold

　　themenbehindfromlosingtheirway

　　suitabletitleforthispassagewouldbe_______.

　　andhowtoovercomeit

　　'scureforsnowblindness

　　inthesnow

　　vision

　　答案：

CCCAA

十九

　　Waterproblemsinthefuturewillbecomenoreintenseandmorecomplex.Ourincreasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldeceasesubstantialytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesseswillproducelargevolumesofliquidwastes,andmanyofthesewillcontainchemicalswhicharenoxious.Tofeedourrapidlyexpandingpopulation,agriculturewillhavetobeintensified.Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals,Fromthis,itisapparentthatdrasticstepsmustbetakenimmediatelytodevelopcorrectivemeasuresforthepollutionproblem.

　　Therearetwowaysbywhichthispollutionproblemcanbedwindled.Thefirstrelatestothetreatmentofwastestodecreasetheirpollutionhazard.Thisinvolvestheprocessingofsolidwastes"priorto"disposalandthetreatmentofliquidwastes,orefflunets,topermitthereuseofthewaterorminimizepollutionuponfinaldisposal.

　　Asecondapproachistodevelopaneconomicuseforallorapartofthewastes.Farmmanureisspreadinfieldsasanutrientororganicsupplement.Effluentsfromsewagedisposalplantsareusedinsomeareasbothforirrigationandforthenutrientscontained.Efflunetsfromotherprocessingplantsmayalsobeusedasasupplementalsourceofwater.Manyindustries,suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproductsintomarketablebyproducts.Otherindustriesarepotentialeonomicusesforwasteproducts.

　　purposeofthispassageis______.

　　alertthereadertothedwindlingwatersupply

　　explainindustrialusesofwater

　　acquaintthereaderwithwaterpollutionproblems

　　demostratevariousmeasurestosolvethepollutionproblem

　　ofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?

　　dustrialdevelopmentincudesthesimplificationofcomplexchemicalprocesses.

　　wastesneedscertainamountofwater

　　forwaterwillgoupalongwiththeexpandingpopulation

　　cultivationoflandrequiresmoreandmorechemicals

　　readercanconcluedthat________.

　　oftheworldwillworktogetheronpolutionproblems

　　fromwastesleadtoamoreprosperousmarketplace

　　ismakinggreatprogressonincreasingwatersupplies

　　industriesare