英语主动语态和被动语态幻灯片PPT.ppt

英语主动语态和被动语态幻灯片PPT.ppt

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英语主动语态和被动语态幻灯片PPT,本课件仅供学习使用学习完毕请自行删除本课件仅供学习使用学习完毕请自行删除本课件仅供学习使用学习完毕请自行删除,英语动词有两种语态：

主动语态（theActiveVoice）被动语态（thePassiveVoice）,Whatisit?

A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

Weplantedthetree.,Thetreewasplantedbyus.,WespeakEnglish.,主语,谓语,宾语,Englishisspokenbyus.,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态,被动语态,当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（ActiveVoice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（PassiveVoice）。

Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。

Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。

ManystudentsstudyEnglish.（主动语态）Englishisstudiedbymanystudents.（被动语态）,Whentouseit?

1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。

2.当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是动作的执行者。

这本词典被保存完好（不需要说明是谁保存的）。

这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。

（强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现）,Thedictionaryiswellkept.,Thesebookwerefoundinthe1920s.,被动语态的用法:

Anotewaspasseduptothespeaker.,1.强调动作的承受者;,如:

TabletennisisplayedalloverChina.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.,2.不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执行者难以说出或不必说出.,如:

AnotherbridgehasbeenbuiltacrosstheChangjiangRiver.ThePartywasfoundedonJuly6,1924.,TheStructureis,助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（be+P.P.）,一般现在时：

am/is/aredone一般过去时：

was/weredone现在进行时：

am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时：

was/werebeingdone现在完成时：

have/hasbeendone过去完成时：

hadbeendone一般将来时：

shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为can/must/havetobedone,Heisregardedasabrilliant.他被认为很有才气。

Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.这本书是1969年写成的。

Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。

Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。

Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.这支钢笔已经用了几年。

说这家工厂已经开张。

Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.他,Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.工作将于三小时后完成。

Thebabymustbelookedafterwell.这孩子必须被好好照顾。

被动语态的结构：

被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。

如:

Thedeskismadeofwood.Thedesksaremadeofwood.Heisaskedaquestionbytheteacher.Iwasgivenanicepresentbymyfriendyesterday.,在改写中应注意：

1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be+过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。

典型题例例1将下列句子改为被动语态。

Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.Ourclassroomiscleaned（byus）everyday.,主变被解题步骤:

1.找宾语-即动作的承受者,Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.,Shoes,2.判断宾语的单复数-即be动词的单复数.,arewere,3.判断动词的时态-即be动词的时态.,4.修改谓语的时态-即原句动词改为过去分词,made,5.修改原句的主语-即by+主语.,bythem.,Tombrokethewindow.ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.,Tombrokethewindows.ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom.,Hebrokethewindows.Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim.,一般现在时的被动语态：

am/are/is+过去分词,Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld.2.Mr.Greenteachesusthisterm.,Footballallovertheworld.,Wethisterm.,isplayed,bypeople,aretaught（byMr.Green）,一般过去时的被动语态：

was/were+过去分词,4.PeoplebuilttheGreatWalllongago.5.Twoyearsagoweusedthemachinestomakeshoesforchildren.,TheGreatWalllongago.,Twoyearsagothosemachinesshoesforchildren.,wasbuilt（bypeople）,wereused（byus）tomake,一般将来时的被动语态：

will/begoingto+be+过去分词,6.Wewillwriteadiarynextclass.7.Tomisgoingtoholdabirthdayparty.,Adiarynextclass.,Abirthdayparty.,willbewritten（byus）,isgoingtoheldbyTom,情态动词的被动语态：

must/haveto/can等+be+过去分词,8.Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.9.Wehavetofinishourhomeworkontime.,Thebrokenpotteryatonce.,Ourhomework.,mustbethrownaway（byyou）,hastobefinished（byus）ontime,Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.,Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.,WecallthesnowmanMrStrong.,ThesnowmaniscalledMrStrong.,Weusuallyhearhimplayinthenextroom.,Heisusuallyheardtoplayinthenextroom.,2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm,Tencomputerswerebought（bythem）lastterm.一般过去时：

S+was/were+过去分词,Heboughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday.,Hisfriendwasboughtsomefruitsyesterday.,Somefruitswereboughtforhisfriendyesterday.,4AbycantakegoodcareofTina,TinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAby.情态动词：

S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词,Hecancarrythebasketeasily.,Thebasketcanbeeasilycarriedbyhim.,Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.,Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.,“Wemustputtheminthefridge.”Thedogsthought.,“Theymustbeputinthefridge.”Thedogsthought.,3.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.,Theworkwillbefinished（bythem）intendays.一般将来时：

S+will+be+过去分词,Theyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow.,Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehadtomorrow.,Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow,Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：

S+am/is/are+being+过去分词,Theyareholdingasportsmeetingnow.,Asportsmeetingisbeingheld（bythem）now.,Wehavemadetwentymorekeys,Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：

S+have/has+been+过去分词,Workershavebuiltthehousesincetwoyearsago.,Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago.,Wehadreceivedmanylettersbytheendoflastweek.,Manylettershadbeenreceivedbytheendoflastweek.,Theywouldhaveapartythenextday.,Apartywouldbehad（bythem）thenextday.,1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives__forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomt