大学英语精读第三册2.docx
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大学英语精读第三册2
alley[;]n[C]1.anarrowstreetbetweenorbehindbuildings[市镇中的]小巷,胡同2.apathinagardenorpark,esp.oneborderdbytreesorbushes[花园,公园内的]小径。
3.alongtrackalongwhichballsarerolledinordertoknockoverbottle-shapedobjectsinbowlingorskittles[保龄球,九柱戏等的]球道。
[常用短语]rightup/downsb.’salleyAmEverysuitableforsomeone[美]正合某人的胃口,非常适合某人;Ex:
Thejobsoundsrightupyouralley.这项工作听上去正合你的胃口。
alleycat:
n.[C]acatthatlivesonthestreetsanddoesnotbelongtoanyone流浪猫;野猫
blindalley:
n.[C]1.asmallnarrowstreetwithnowayoutatoneend死胡同,死巷子2.anattempttoachievesomethingwhichdoesnotproduceusefulresults.行不通的努力。
bowlingalley:
n.[C]abuildingwhereyougobowling保龄球场
[典型试题]Davies'houseisdownalongnarrow______.
A.streetB.roadC.alleyD.path
[试题详解]答案C.alley小巷,胡同。
句意:
戴维斯的家在一条狭长的胡同里。
A.street大街,街道;B.road路,道路,公路;D.path[人走出来的]小径,小道。
bitternessn.[C]thestateofbeingangryandupset生气,心烦,痛苦
[典型试题]Shewasfullofhatredand_____
A.bitterB.miserableC.sadnessD.bitterness
[试题详解]答案D.痛苦,辛酸。
句意:
她满腔仇恨和辛酸.A.bitter,心酸的,惨痛的,苦味的,是一个形容词;B.miserable同样也是一个形容词,词性不对,表悲惨的,不幸的,可怜的,意思;C.sadness仅仅只是伤心的意思,是一个名词。
[构词法]bitterness:
[词形变换];bitteradj.有苦味的,苦的;[指寒冷,风等]刺骨的;严寒的;辛酸的,惨痛的,难以接受的。
Bitterness/’b/
thepropertyofhavingaharshunpleasanttaste苦味
Thestateofbeingangryandupset怨恨仇恨痛苦
【Derivative】
Bitteradj.苦的,令人痛苦的.Bitterlyadv.苦苦的,悲痛地
[典型考题]
Shehadalotof____afterthebreakup.
AbitternessBsadChappinessDbitter
[试题分析]此题答案选A
[详细解答]句意:
她在分手之后充满了怨恨。
CivilWar
AwarbetweengroupsofpeopleinthesameCountry内战
【commonphrase】
Civilmarriage不在教堂举行的婚礼Civilright民权Civillaw民法
Callitquits
◆toagreetostopacontest,quarrel,etc.Becausebothsidesseemequal(因势均力敌)同意停止比赛(或争吵等)
◆todecidetostopdoingsth决定停止
【synonym】callitaday
【典型例题】
Atmidnight,thestudentdecidedto_____andclosedhisbooks
AcalloffBcallon
CcallitquitsDcallup
【试题分析】此题测词组意义,答案为C
【详细解答】句意为夜深了,这个学生决定学到这里然后合上书。
calloff取消callon拜访,求助callup唤起,提出
Dirtroad
Noun.Aroughroadinthecountrythatismadefromhardearth土路
eg.Thecarcauseacloudofdustasitwentdownthedirtroad
Dirt1.uncleanmatter(eg.Dust,soil)espwhenitiswhereitisnotwanted
2looseearthorsoil松土
【commonphrase】
Ascheapasdirt低级的,贱如粪土fling/throwdirtatsb诽谤某人
Treatsblikedirt轻待某人
【Derivative】
Dirtyadj.脏的
5downandout
Noun.apersonwhohasnohomeormoneyandliveonthestreet贫困潦倒的人,无家可归的人;Thewriterisdownandout,buthegoesonwriting.
drip//
Vi.
◆[usually+adv./prep.]tofallinsmalldrops滴下:
Shewashotandsweatdrippedintohereyes.
◆toproducedropsofliquid滴出,滴水:
Thetapwasdripping
Noun.
◆thesoundoractionofsmalldropsofliquidfallingcontinuously滴落,滴水声,滴答声:
Thesilencewasbrokenonlybythesteadydrip,dripofwaterfromtheroof.
◆asmalldropofliquidthatfallsfromsth水滴,滴液:
Weputabucketundertheholeintherooftocatchthedrips.
【commonphrase】
Drip(with)sth.含有,充满,充溢
【SynonymDiscrimination】
Drop:
tofallorallowsthtofallbyaccident(意外的)落下,掉下,使落下
【Derivative】
Drippingn./adj.(烤肉时滴下的)油/湿淋淋的
Drip-dryadj.(指衣服)很快滴干的,滴干免熨的
Drip-feedverb喂饲分作小量点滴给予
【典型例题】
Thetreeswere_____withfruit.
AdrippingBdroppingCdriftingDdrooping
解析:
由句意可知树上挂满了水果。
B项意为滴落C项为漂流D项为下垂,低垂。
故答案选A.
druggist//
1.apersonwhosejobistoprepareandsellmedicines,andwhoworksinashop药剂师,药商
【Derivative】
drugn.毒品,药vt.使麻醉druggien.吸毒者drugstoren.药房
【Synonym】
ChemistPharmacist药剂师,药商
farmhouse[‘fɑ:
mhaus]nthemainhouseonafarm,wherethefarmerlives农场住宅,农舍
例句:
Seenfromadistance,thefarmhouselookeddeserted.
以下是由farm构成的合成词:
farmhand农场工人farmhouse农舍farmland农田farmstead农庄
farmyard农家场院
[典型考题]Thefamilyhaslivedona____fortwoyears.
AfarmhouseBfarmyard
CfarmDfarmland
[试题详解]此题考查词意及搭配,答案为C句意:
这家人在农场居住了两年。
farmhouse农舍farmyard农家庭院farmland农田onafarm在农场,固定搭配。
general['dʒenərəl]adj.
(1)affectingallormostpeople,placesorthings全体的,普遍的.Thegeneralopinionisthattheconferencewasasuccess.
(2)[usuallybeforenoun]normal,usual正常的,常规的Thereisoneexceptiontothisgeneralprinciple.
(3)notdetailed;describedthemainthingsonly大概的,概括的,大致的Icheckthebookingstogetageneralideaofwhatactivitiestoplan.
n.ahighrankinthearmyorairforce将
军afour-stargeneral四星上将
[常用短语]Ingeneral通常地,大体上
asageneralrule一般说来
generalknowledge常识
[派生词]generalizev概括,归纳
generalistn全才,通才
generalizedadj笼统的,全面的
generalshipn管理才能,将军职
权
outgeneralv以谋略取胜
generalityn概述,概论,大部分
[复合词]general-purpose多用途的
generalstaff参谋部,(全体)幕僚generalstrike总罢工
[反义词]specificspecialunusual
[易混淆词]Common:
(1)happeningoften常见的
(2)sharedbyorbelongingtotwoormorepeople共同的
Ordinary:
[usuallybeforenoun]notunusualordifferentinanyway,nothingspecial平凡的
general:
侧重普遍的,总的,常规的
[典型考题]Hewassomethingofahumorist,andratherdeficentin____education;butacute,patient,andupright.
AcommonBordinary
CusualDgeneral
[试题详解]答案D.句意:
他带几分幽默感,可也缺少教养;但是他灵敏,有耐心,为人正直。
General在此的意思为:
notlimitedtoaparticularsubject,useoractivity非专门的,普通的generaleducation普通教育取此意的如:
ageneralhospital综合医院
glimpse[glimps]
n.[1]alookatsborsthforaveryshorttime,whenyoudonotseethepersonorthingcompletely一瞥,一看hecaughtaglimpseofherinthecrowd.
[固定搭配]glimpseatsborsthglimpseofsborsth
[常用短语]catchaglimpseof瞥见
[2]ashortexperienceofsththathelpsyoutounderstandit短暂的感受(体会,领会)Theprogrammegivesusarareglimpseofagreatartistatwork.
[固定搭配]glimpseinto/ofsth
v[T]toseesborsthforamoment,butnotveryclearly瞥见
[易混淆词]gazeglareglanceglimpsestare
gaze:
tolooksteadilyatsborsthforalongtime凝视,注视和stare意思相近
glare:
tolookatsborsthinanangryway怒目而视
glance:
togiveaquickshortlook瞥见
glance和glimpse:
两者均表示“一瞥”、“瞥见”,意思相近,但有细微区别:
glance(=quicklook)多指有意识的瞥见,且强调瞥见的动作,而glimpse(=shortlook)则多指无意识的瞥见,且强调瞥见的结果。
比较:
Hetookaglanceatthenewspaperheadlines.(他浏览了报上的标题),Icaughtaglimpseofherin
thecrowd.(我在人群中瞥见了她)。
[典型考题]Thereweremanypeoplepresentandheappearedonlyforafewseconds,soIonlycaughta____ofhim.
AglanceBglimpse
ClookDsight
[试题详解]答案B句意:
这么多人在场,并且他只出现了一下,所以我只是瞥了他一
眼。
catchaglimpseof是固定词组通常的搭配形式是:
catch/getaglimpseof(瞥见……)glance:
通常搭配的动词是take/have/castaglanceat..look:
have/takealookat...
foolaround(about)
[1]tosayordostupidorsillythings,ofteninordertomakepeoplelaugh说蠢话,干傻事(常为逗乐)
Ifyoufoolaroundwithmatches,youwillendupgettingburned.
[2]towastetimeinsteadofdoingsththatyoushouldbedoing闲耍,虚度光阴
Theworkersalwaysfoolaroundwhenthesupervisorstepsout.
[3]tohaveasexualrelationshipwithsbwhoisnotyourpartner和某人乱搞男女关系
Shehasbeenfoolingaroundwithamarriedman.
getholdof
[1]getholdofsb/sth:
tohaveortakesborsthinyourhands抓住,拿着
Hegotholdofherwristssoshecouldn’tgetaway.
[2]getholdofsb:
tocontactorfindsb和某人联系,找到某人
Wherehaveyoubeen?
Ihavebeentryingtogetholdofyouallday.
[3]getholdofsth:
(1)tofindsththatyouwantorneed找到所需要的东西
Itisalmostimpossibletogetholdofticketsforthefinal.
(2)tolearnorunderstandsth学会,理解
getword:
togetnewsormessage,togettoknoworbecomeawareof获知,得知
[典型考题]Ijustget____thatyourappointmentwithourmanagerwillhavetobeputoff.
AgetacrossBgetaroundCgetwordDgetby
[试题详解]考查词意答案为C句意:
我刚刚得知你和我们经理的约定将会被推迟。
getacross被理解,把···讲清楚getaround各处走动传播getby维持生计,勉强应付
harnessɑn..[c]
(1).asetofleatherstrapsandmetalpiecesthatisputaroundahorse’sheadandbodysothatthehorsecanbecontrolledandfastenedtoacarriageetc.马具,挽具
(2).asetofstrapsforfasteningsomethingtoaperson’sbodyortokeepthemfrommovingofforfalling(防止坠落或摔倒的)背带,保护带
[常用短语]
inharness(BrE.)doingyournormalwork,esp.afterarestoraholiday
inharnesswithsb.(BrE.)workingcloselywithsb.inordertoachievesth.
headquarters['hed,kwɔ:
təz]
n.(pl.headquarters)
thecentralofficeorplacewherethepeopleworkwhocontrolalargeorganization,suchasthepoliceorarmyoraprivatecompany大本营,总部,总公司,总办事处
3.Irish['airiʃ]adj.&n.ofIreland,thepeopleorlanguageofIreland 爱尔兰的,爱尔兰语,爱尔兰人
4.intimate['intimit]adj.closeandfamiliar,innermost,privateandpersonal亲近的,adv.intimately
antonymy,distant,cool,remote,unfamiliar
synonymy,familiar,close,confidential
【典型考题】
Alltheoff-shoreoilexplorerswereinhighspiritsastheyread_____lettersfromtheirfamilies。
AsentimentalBaffectionateCintimateDsensitive
[试题分析]此题测词的意义,答案为C
[详细解答]sentimental的意思是“多愁善感的”,affectionate是“有感情的”的意思,intimate表示“亲密的”,sensitive是“敏感的”的意思.
【同义辨析】
intimate,语气强烈,思想感情融洽,彼此知心,因而关系亲密
e.g.Onlythecouple’smostintimatefriendswereinvited.
close,语气较强,指兴趣爱好相同,因而关系密切,感情很好
e.g.Thetwogirlshavebeenclosefriendsallthroughschool.
confidential,指彼此间可以推心置腹,相互依赖
e.g.Don’tbetooconfidentialwithstrangers.
familiar,指由于长时间交往而彼此熟悉的像自家人一样
e.g.Theletterwaswritteninafamiliarmanner.
5.grand[grænd]marshal['mɑ:
ʃəl]phr.n.amanchargedwiththearrangementandregulationofaparade主要负责人,总指挥
6.hush[hʌʃ]upphr.n.tobesilentorcalm使安静
[常用短语]
hushsomethingup,不让张扬
synonymy(同义词),keepquiet,coverup
e.g.Theyhushthescandalup.
7.liven['laivən]upphr.v.tobecomeortomakesb./sth.moreinterestingorexciting(使)更有兴趣,更令人兴奋
e.g.Let’sputsomemusicontoliventhingsup.
8.livery['livəri]stablephr.n.aplacewherepeoplecanpaytokeeptheirhorsesorcan