YST48R MWD Users Manual.docx

YST48R MWD Users Manual.docx

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YST48RMWDUsersManual

TABLEOFCONTENTS

ChapterOneOverviewoftheEquipmentandItsBasicWorkingPrinciple

YST-48RisaretrievablepositivepulseMWD,whichfeaturesdelicatedesign,flexibleassemblyandeasyuse.ThisproductisanupdatedversionofYST-48XMWD.Theupdatedproductisdistinguishedwithre-designedgrounddevices,accessorialfunctionofgammameasurement,aswellasavarietyofimprovementsbasedonthefeedbacksofusersinthepastyears.

Thisequipmentcodestheholeparametersthetransducersobtaininsomeway,andproducespulsesignals,whichcontrolthemovementofservopoppet.Thecirculatingmudisusedtomakethemainsignalpoppetmovesynchronously,thuscontrollingthemudcirculationareabetweenthemainsignalpoppetandthemainorificebelow.Whenthemainsignalpoppetrises,themudinsidethedrillingcolumncansmoothlypassthroughthemainorifice.Whenthemainsignalpoppetholdsdown,themudcirculationareadecreases,thusproducingapositivemudpressurepulseinsidethedrillingcolumn.Thepulsesignalsthedirectionalprobeproducescontrolthedurationofthestateofthemainsignalpoppet,thuscontrollingthepulsewidthandinterval.Themudcirculationareabetweenthemainsignalpoppetandthemainorificedecidestheintensityofsignals.Wecancontroltheintensityofsignalsbyselectingtheoutsidediameterofthemainsignalpoppetandtheinsidediameterofthemainorifice,sothatitissuitablefortheworkingenvironmentofdifferentholes,differentdisplacements,anddifferentholedepths.Asamatteroffact,thewholeprocessinvolveshowtoobtaintheparametersintheholesandhowtotransmitthedatatotheground,andthesetwofunctionsarecompletedbytheprobeandthemudpulserrespectively.

1.1Overviewoftheequipment

YST-48RMWDiscomposedofgroundequipmentanddownholeequipment.Thegroundequipmentincludespressuretransducer,powersupplybox,remotedataprocessor,computer,andrelevantconnectingcables.Thedownholeequipmentincludesdirectionalprobe,gammadetectorprobe,mudpulser,battery,centralizer,retrievalneck,etc.RefertoPicture1fortheoverallstructure.

Thedownholeequipmentcanberetrieved.Whensuchfailuresasdrillbitseizingorfishfalltakeplace,retrievalneckcanbeusedtoretrievetheequipmentintime,soastominimizetheloss.

Picture1OverallstructureofYST-48RMWD

1.2Basicworkingprinciple

1.2.1Directionalprobe

Thisinstrumentusestheknownlocalgravityfieldandgeomagneticfieldasthebasedirectionparameter,andusesthemutualrelationbetweenthedirectionalprobecoordinatesystemandthebasedirectionparametertocalculatethenewdirectionparameter.Therefore,itisnecessarytoestablishtheprobecoordinatesystemasPicture2shows.

Picture2Diagramofthemeasuringprobecoordinatesystem

TheXOZplaneoftheX,Y,ZandOrectangularcoordinatesystemisparalleltotheT-shapeslotplane,whileaxisZisparalleltotheaxialdirectionofthemeasuringhead.ThesensitiveaxesofthreeaccelerometersGx,GyandGzaswellasthreemagnetometersBx,ByandBzareparalleltoOX,OYandOZrespectively.Therefore,theformercansensethecomponentsoftheaccelerationofgravityinthethreedirections,whilethelattercansensethecomponentsofthegeomagneticfieldinthethreedirections.Whenthesetransducerssensetheinputs,they,togetherwiththeservocircuit,changetheinputsintothecorrespondingvoltageoutputs.Thetemperatureprobeanditscircuitturntemperaturesignalsintovoltageoutput（VT）.The9voltages,includingthe7voltageoutputs,onebasevoltage（VR）andonepowersupplyvoltage（VD）,areinputintotheV/Tconverterthroughthemultiplexer.After8timesofsamplingandaveraging,agroupofpulseoutputstrings（P8）form.P8andthesynchronouspulse（PS）formP0insidetheV/Tconverter,whichisinputintotheCPU.CPUchangesthepulseintervalsofthesepulsestringsintonumericalquantities,andworksoutthevaluesofsuchparametersastoolface,inclination,andazimuth.CPUwillfurthercodetheseparameterstoformpulsestrings,thusdrivingthefollow-upcircuitstowork.

1.2.2Gammadetectorprobe

Gammadetectorprobe（GDP）isanequipmentforcomprehensivelymeasuringthenaturalradiationlevelofrockstrata.Therockstratacontainnaturalradionuclides（mainlyU238,TH232andK40）,whichemitγrayduringnaturaldecay.TheGDPisusedtomeasuretherockstrataintheholetogetnaturalgammarecordingsofthestrata.

Accordingtothegeochemistryandgeophysics,thepropertiesofrockstrata（suchastypes,formation,sedimentationenvironment,andage）arerelatedtotheirnaturalγradiationlevel.Onthisbasisandwiththeresultsobtainedwithothermeasurementmethods,theoilstratacanbeeffectivelyfiguredout.Thisisthemajorpurposeoftheapplicationofnaturalgammameasurement.

InordertoaccuratelyandreliablyconductnaturalgammameasurementwiththeMWD,andtakingtheworkingenvironmentandspecialrequirementsoftheclinometerintoconsiderations,YST-48Radoptsscintillatingcrystalandphotomultipliertubefeaturinghighresistancetovibrationandimpactandhighreliability,andreasonablesystemdesignismade,soastomakesuretheequipmentworksproperlyintherelevantworkingenvironment.

Wirelessgammameasurement,comparingwithcablegammameasurement,canachievenaturalgammameasurementmoreefficiently,andmaintainsavarietyofotherremarkableadvantages.Wirelessgammameasurementrecordingsaremorereliable,becausethemeasurementisconductedshortlyafterthestrataareopened.Thestrataareexposedforashortperiodoftime,andarewashedlessbythemud,sotherecordingsaremoreaccurateandreliable.Second,themeasurementdatacanguidedrillingworkbetter.Thedrillingparameterscanbeselectedtoimprovethedrillingperformanceandreducedrillingcost.Third,therelevantriskscanbeavoided,andtheincidenceofdrillingaccidentscanbereduced.Further,inhorizontaldrillingoperation,themeasurementdatacanbeusedtoeffectivelyadjustthedrillingorientation,sothattheholepassesthroughthereservestrata,thusimprovingtheminerecoveryrateandeconomiceffects.Inaddition,first-handmeasurementdatacanbeobtainedoncethedrillingaccidenthappens,thusprotectingpreciousdatafromlosing.

1.2.3Pulser

Assaidabove,YST-48RMWDcontrolsthecirculationareabetweenthemainsignalpoppetandthemainorificethroughtheelectromagneticmechanism,andcauseschangeofpressureofthemudflowinginthedrillingcolumn,thusachievingthepurposeoftransmittingsignals.Quitebigpowerisneededfortheelectromagneticmechanismtodrivethemainsignalpoppet,anditisnotpracticaltoachievethisinthehole.Inthedesign,theservopoppetdrivesthemainsignalpoppetthroughtheflowingmud.AsPicture3shows,whenthereisnosignal,theservopoppetholdsdown,andthequicklyflowingmudinthenon-magneticdrillcollarproducesreversepressureatthemainorifice.Asaresult,themainsignalpoppetrises;themainspringiscompressed;thecirculationareabetweenthemainsignalpoppetandthemainorificebecomesbigger;themudpassesquickly;thepressureofthemudinsidetheKellydeclines.Whenthereissignal,theservopoppet,asPicture4shows,rises;themudpassesthroughtheservopoppet;thepressureinsideandoutsidetheequipmentbecomesbalanced;thecompressedmainspringisreleased;thecirculationareabetweenthemainsignalpoppetandthemainorificedeclines;thepressureofthemudinsidetheKellyrises;thesignalsaretransmitted.

Picture4Mainsignalpoppetholdsdown

Mainorifice

Drillcollar

Mainspring

Servopoppet

Mainpoppet

Mud

Picture3Mainsignalpoppetrises

1.3Performanceindices

1.3.1Directionprobe

Inclination:

±0.2°

Azimuth:

±1.5°

Toolface:

±1.5°

Maxdatastoragecapacity:

45000groups

1.3.2Gammadetectorprobe

Measurementrange:

0～500API

Measurementaccuracy:

±3API（0～150API）

±10API（150～500API）

Maxdatastoragecapacity:

110000groups

Sensitivity:

higherthan1.6CPS/API

Verticalresolution:

higherthan130mm

Recommendedvelocity:

≤30m/h

Recommendedsamplingperiod:

8～12s

Impactresistance:

800g,1/2sinthreeaxles

Vibrationresistance:

20g/10～200Hzrmsthreeaxles

1.3.3Otherperformanceindices

Maxoperatingtemperature:

150℃

Maxpressure:

100MPa

Outsidediameterofthepressurebarrel:

φ48mm

Totallengthofthedownholeequipment:

6.9m（withoutgamma）

8.8m（withgamma）

Workingtimeofbattery（standardmode）:

220h（withoutgamma）

180h（withgamma）

Flowrange:

10～55L/s（dependonsizeofdrillcollar）

Pressuredrop:

50～200PSI（dependonsizeofdrillcollarandmuddischarge）

Mudsignalintensity:

20～100PSI

Mudviscosity:

≤140s（funnelviscosity）

Sandcontentinmud:

＜1%

Mudconcentration:

≤1.7g/m3

ChapterTwoTestsoftheEquipment

2.1Testsofthecentralizer

2.1.1Insulationtestofthecentralizer

1.PlugthetwoconnectorsofBJtestunitintobothendsofthecentralizer,andsettheswitchesinthe“OFF”position;

2.Settheuniversalmulti-meterattheshiftofresistance,andinserttheblackmeterpeninto“Up1”andtheredmeterpeninto“Up2”,tomeasuretheresistance;thereadingshallbe≥20MΩ;

3.Keeptheblackmeterpeninthesameplace,andinserttheredmeterpeninto“Up3”,“Up4”,...“Up10”andtheexternalcolumnrespectively;thereadingsshallalsobe≥20MΩ;

4.Movetheblackmeterpenfrom1to2,andinserttheredmeterpeninto“Up3”,“Up4”,...“Up10”andtheexternalcolumnrespectively;continuetomeasurethisway,andallreadingsshallalsobe≥20MΩ;

5.Ifanyreadingdoesn’tmeetthe