节日起源英汉文化比较必备.docx

节日起源英汉文化比较必备.docx

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节日起源英汉文化比较必备

本文介绍下圣诞节（Christmas）的起源。

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Christmas

December25

ThehistoryofChristmasdatesbackover4000years.ManyofourChristmastraditionswerecelebratedcenturiesbeforetheChristchildwasborn.The12daysofChristmas,thebrightfires,theyulelog,thegivingofgifts,carnivals（parades）withfloats,carolerswhosingwhilegoingfromhousetohouse,theholidayfeasts,andthechurchprocessionscanallbetracedbacktotheearlyMesopotamians.

ManyofthesetraditionsbeganwiththeMesopotamian（美索不达米亚）celebrationofNewYears.TheMesopotamiansbelievedinmanygods,andastheirchiefgod-Marduk（马杜克,古代巴比伦人的主神,原为巴比伦的太阳神）.EachyearaswinterarriveditwasbelievedthatMardukwoulddobattlewiththemonstersofchaos.ToassistMardukinhisstruggletheMesopotamiansheldafestivalfortheNewYear.ThiswasZagmuk,theNewYear'sfestivalthatlastedfor12days.

TheMesopotamiankingwouldreturntothetempleofMardukandswearhisfaithfulnesstothegod.ThetraditionscalledforthekingtodieattheendoftheyearandtoreturnwithMarduktobattleathisside.

Tosparetheirking,theMesopotamiansusedtheideaofa"mock"king.Acriminalwaschosenanddressedinroyalclothes.Hewasgivenalltherespectandprivilegesofarealking.Attheendofthecelebrationthe"mock"kingwasstrippedoftheroyalclothesandslain,sparingthelifeoftherealking.

TheRoman'scelebratedtheirgodSaturn.TheirfestivalwascalledSaturnaliawhichbeganthemiddleofDecemberandendedJanuary1st.Withcriesof"JoSaturnalia!

"thecelebrationwouldincludemasquerades（化妆舞会）inthestreets,bigfestivemeals,visitingfriendsandtheexchangeofgood-luckgiftscalledStrenae（luckyfruits）.

"JoSaturnalia!

"wasafunandfestivetimefortheRomans,buttheChristiansthoughitanabomination（深恶痛绝）tohonorthepagan（异教）god.TheearlyChristianswantedtokeepthebirthdayoftheirChristchildasolemnandreligiousholiday,notoneofcheerandmerrimentaswasthepaganSaturnalia.

ButasChristianityspreadtheywerealarmedbythecontinuingcelebrationofpagancustomsandSaturnaliaamongtheirconverts.AtfirsttheChurchforbidthiskindofcelebration.Butitwastonoavail（徒劳）.EventuallyitwasdecidedthatthecelebrationwouldbetamedandmadeintoacelebrationfitfortheChristianSonofGod.

SomelegendsclaimthattheChristian"Christmas"celebrationwasinventedtocompeteagainstthepagancelebrationsofDecember.The25thwasnotonlysacredtotheRomansbutalsothePersianswhosereligionMithraism（密特拉教，奉祀密特拉神的宗教，纪元后最初3世纪内传至罗马帝国）wasoneofChristianity'smainrivalsatthattime.TheChurcheventuallywassuccessfulintakingthemerriment,lights,andgiftsfromtheSaturaniliafestivalandbringingthemtothecelebrationofChristmas.

感恩节的来历和起源

2007年11月22日  所属：

节日  来源：

英语点津  作者：

陈蓓编辑

每逢11月第四个星期四，美国人迎来了自己最重要的传统节日感恩节。

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TheStoryofAmericanThanksgiving

（ContributedbyBingWei,GrannyBetty'sStoryTime）

每逢11月第四个星期四，美国人迎来了自己最重要的传统节日感恩节。

感恩节，原是清教徒为感谢上天赐与的好收成，同时，也表达了新英格兰“移民”对印第安土著居民最初的谢意。

如今，这一传统节日更多意味着合家团聚。

下文以历史为脉络，探究了感恩节的渊源，并把目光锁定在1621年翔实的感恩“盛宴”上。

ThanksgivingDayisanAmericanholidayandnotcelebratedincontinentalEurope.OnthefourthThursdayofeachNovember,familiesandfriendsgathertogetherfortheoccasiontocelebratewithatraditionalturkeydinner,usuallyinthemid-afternoon.Thanksgivingoriginatedasacelebrationoftheyear'sharvestandissimilartotheMid-AutumnFestivalinChina.

TheoriginoftheThanksgivingDay

感恩节的来历

ThisAmericantraditionstartedin1621beforetheUnitedStatesofAmericawasestablished.Itwasahugecelebrationforahard-earnedharvestthefirstyearafterarrivingintheNewWorld.

OnSeptember6,1620,theMayflowershipsetsailfromPlymouth,Devon,England,takingalltheEnglishPilgrims（清教徒）totheNewWorld.TheEnglishPilgrimsnumberedaboutahundredpeople,andleftEnglandtoescapereligiouspersecution.TheirvoyagetotheNewWorldwasfinancedbyMerchantAdventurers,anEnglishinvestorgroup.

ThePilgrimssailedsixty-sixdays,arrivedintheNewWorldinNovemberofthesameyear.TheyfirstsettledinacornfieldabandonedbyNativeIndiansandnameditPlymouthPlantation.

TheyworkedonthelandwithmuchdifficultyandwerebesetbyadevastatingplagueinwhichhalfofthePilgrimdiedinthelongwinterof1620.Inthespringof1621,anIndianbravenamedSquantoandherWampanoag（瓦帕浓人，北美印第安人阿尔琴族一部落）tribecametotheirhelp.ThetribetaughtthePilgrimshowtoworktheearthandplantcorn,beans,pumpkins,squashandothercrops.

 TheThanksgivingfeastin1621

InlateSeptember1621,thePilgrimswerepleasedwiththeirgreatharvest.Tocelebratetheirfirstharvest,thePilgrimswantedtothankGodandtheNativeIndian.TheyinvitedSquantoandtheentireWampanoagtribethatcelebratetogetherinasharedfeast.

ItwassaidaboutninetyWampanoagturnedup,muchtothesurpriseofthePilgrims,whosepopulationhadshrunktonomorethan50.Thechiefofthetribehadhismenhuntfivedeertobringtothefeast.ThefirstThanksgivingdinnerhadanelaboratemenuwithvenison,wildturkey,goose,duck,crane,swan,andotherwaterfowl;theyalsohaslocalseafood:

clams,lobsters,mussels,salmon,cod,bass,herring,shad,bluefish,lotsofeelandoysters.Theyalsocookedplentyofvegetables,amongthemsquash,pumpkinsandbeanswerethemostpopular.

Theyateraspberries,strawberries,grapes,plums,cherries,blueberries,walnuts,chestnuts,acorns,hickoryandgroundnuts,wheatflour,Indiancornandcornmealandtheymadebeeroutofbarley.Thepumpkinpuddingwaslaterdevelopedintothetraditionalpumpkinpie.

ThefirstThanksgivingdinnerissaidtohavelastedfromthreedaystooneweekwithmuchfood,beerandliquor.ThePilgrimsandtheNativeIndiansattogetherontheground,sharedfoodwithfingersorusedroughplatesmadeofwoodorstalebread.Theyranraces,playedold

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Englishgamesandstagedparadesduringthefestive,withmarches,drumsandfiringoftheirmuskets.

 "Thanksgiving"relatedtotheBible

Thephrase"thanksgiving"initiallycomesfromtheBible.ThePilgrimsofPlymouth,however,weremainlyPuritansandstrictCalvinistProtestants.TheyonlyobservedthreereligiousholidaysfromtheNewTestament:

SundaySabbath,DaysofFastingandhumiliationandThanksgiving.Thanksgivingmarkedfavourable（"mercies"）incommunitylife.

ThefirstThanksgivingfestivalwasindeedatimeofhappiness,fellowshipandrejoicingforthePilgrims.TheyarrangedafriendlytreatywiththeNativeAmericanIndians,builthousesinthewilderness,andraisedsufficientcropstofeedthemselvesfortheupcominglongwinter.ThePilgrimshadbecomethefirstgenerationofsettlersinthisnewlandholdingsomuchpromise.

Fromthenon,ThanksgivingbecameaholidayforcelebratingtheharvestintheNewWorld,datesvariedfromOctobertoNovembereachyearoverthenext150years.

 Thanksgiving,theNationalholiday

ThefirstNationalThanksgivingwasdeclaredbytheContinentalCongressin1777.OnOctober3,1789,PresidentGeorgeWashingtondeclaredthatthepeopleoftheUnitedStatesshouldobserve"adayofpublicthanksgivingandprayer"onThursday,26November.

ManysaythecreditfortheestablishmentofanannualThanksgivingholidayshouldbegiventoSarahJosephaHale.BeingtheeditorofLadiesMagazineandGodey'sLady'sBook,shelobbiedtothegovernors,senators,andpresidentsforanationalholidayandpublishedstoriesandrecipesforthatdayinhermagazine.After36yearsofcrusading,shewonherbattle.In1863,buoyedbytheUnionvictoryatGettysburg,PresidentLincolnproclaimedthatNovember26,wouldbeanationalThanksgivingDay,tobeobservedeveryyearonthefourthThursdayofNovember.

In1941,aCongressionalJointResolutionsetthefourthThursdayofNovemberasanationalholidayforThanksgiving.

Thereyouare-thebriefhistoryofThanksgiving-adayinAmericaforfamiliesandfriendstogathertogether.ThefestivalisalsocelebratedbyAmericanslivingabroad.ThankstotheNativeAmericansandthePilgrimswhocreatedthisideaofadayofThanksgivingallthoseliveintheNewWorldcanbethankfulforallwehaveandsharethejoywithourfamilymembersandfriends.

七夕节，中国的情人节英文简介。

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　　TheseventhdayoftheseventhmonthofthelunarcalendarisknownasQiXiJieor七夕节,atraditionalholidaythathasbeenrecentlycalledChina'sValentine'sDay.

　　The2,000-plus-year-oldholidaymarksthestar-crossedlovebetweenacowherderNiulangandZhinu,aweaverofcloudsandthedaughteroftheJadeEmperorwhoistheDaoistrulerofheaven.

　　Thestorygoesthatthetwofellinloveandgotmarried,buttheirbondwasmetwithdisapprovalbyWangmu,Zhinu'smotherandthequeenofheaven.NiulangisviewedasthestarAltairandZhinuasthestarVega.Withaswiftmoveofherhairpin,sheseparatedthetwowithariverinthesky,knowntodayastheMilkyWay.

　　Butthequeentookpityonthemandgavethemonenightoftheyeartospendtogether.OnQiXiJie,thequeenissaidtosendmagpiestobridgethecelestialgapbetweenthetwostarlovers.

　　RootedinAstronomy:

　　ThetaleseemstobeaninterpretationoftheprominenceofthetwostarsAltairandVega,whichtogetherwithDeneb,makeuptheWesternconstellation,TheSummerTriangle,whichishighlyvisibleinthesummerinthenorthernhemisphere.

　　InaninterviewwithXinhua,BeijingNormalUniversityfolkloreprofessorXiaoFangsaidthattherejuvenationoftheholidayinChinaisduetotwophenomenons.

　　"First,itisanaturalresponsetothechallengesofWesternfestivals,suchastheV