科技英语 2.docx
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科技英语2
第一章概论
一、科技英语翻译的标准
准确规范,通顺易懂,简洁明晰。
准确规范Samples1
Weshallmentionheretwotemperaturescales,namely,theFahrenheitscaleandtheCentigradescale.
Oilandgaswillcontinuetobeourchiefsourceoffuel.
ThreeofArchimedes’sextantworksaredevotedtoplanegeometry.
Translatebyyourself1:
1.Thepowerplantistheheartofaship.
发电设备是船只的核心。
2.Thepowerunitfordrivingthemachinesisa50-hpinductionmotor.
驱动这些机器的动力装置是一个50马力的发动机。
3.Thelargestandmostexpensiveproductscannot,becauseoftheirsize,betestableinthefactory.
这个大型又昂贵的产品由于它的型号问题不能在这间工厂里测试,
通顺易懂Samples2
Amorecommonwayofjoiningthesemetalpiecestogetheristoweldthem.
Moltensaltsrangefromideallyionicfluidstomolecularmeltsandliquid.
Thesecompressorshaveprovedthemselvesusefulinavarietyofwaysininstallationswherelargevolumesofairorothergasesarecompressed.
Translatebyyourself2:
1.Semiconductordevices,calledtransistors,arereplacingtubesinmanyapplications.
被称为晶体管的半导体装置正在许多应用中取代电子管。
2.Crampedconditionsmeanthatpassengers’legscannotmovearoundfreely.
狭窄的情况下乘客无法自由走动。
3.Allbodiesareknowntopossessweightandoccupyspace.
所有的身体都有重量,占据空间。
简洁明晰Samples3
Itisforbiddentodismantleitwithoutpermissionsoastoavoidanydamagetoitsparts.
Itshouldberealizedthatmagneticforcesandelectricforcesarenotthesame.
Alllivingthingsmust,byreasonofphysiologicallimitations,die.
Translatebyyourself3:
1.Theremovalofmineralsfromwateriscalledsoftening.
去除矿物的水被称为软水。
2.Thesmeltingreductionprocesscanbeappliedfortheproductionofironaswellasferroalloys.
未经熔炼的铁也被称为铁合金。
二、翻译的一般方法
1、直译与意译2、合译与分译3、增译与省译4、顺译与倒译
直译与意译Samples4
Readabookonanewsubjectandchangeyourdailynewspaper.
Thecombustionoftenproduceshotcondensedparticles.
Wecangetmorecurrentfromcellsconnectedinparallel.
Iftherateoftheback-wardreactionbecomessignificant,theratelawsbecomemorecomplex.
Thelawofreflectionholdsgoodforallsurfaces.
Translatebyyourself4:
1.Bothpumpshaveexcellentmeteringperformanceandhighvacuumlift.
泵都有好的计量性和高真空高度。
2.Einstein’srelativitytheoryistheonlyonewhichcanexplainsuchphenomena.
爱因斯坦的相对论是唯一能解释如此现象的理论。
3.Allfourouterplanetsprobablyhavecoresofmetals,silicates,andwater.
这四个外部行星都可能含有金属芯,硅酸盐和水。
4.Partadjustmentandrepairmustbeperformedonaregularbasisifanacceptableprintedproductistobetheendproduct.
产品的部分调整和要求必须按合格的原则履行,即使一件合意的印刷品即将完成。
合译与分译Samples5
Leavesaretotheplants,whatlungsaretotheanimals.
Themostimportantofthefactorsaffectingplantgrowthisthatitrequiresthesupplyofwater.
Withthesamenumberofprotons,allnucleiofagivenelementmayhavedifferentnumbersofneutrons.
AninfectedmothercanpassAIDSontoherchildduringpregnancyorchildbirth
Translatebyyourself5:
1.Therearesomemetalswhichpossessthepowertoconductelectricityandabilitytobemagnetized.
有些金属拥有导电的和磁化的能力。
2.Thedoctoranalyzedthebloodsampleforanemia.
医生化验了贫血症患者的血液样品。
3.Theapparentchangeinsizeofthesuniscausedbydustintheairnearthehorizon.
太阳大小的明显变化是由接近地平线处空气中的灰尘导致的。
4.Thesefragmentsofrockandironrangefromathousandkilometersindiametertolessthanone.
这些岩石和钢铁的碎片的半径从几千公里到一公里不等。
增译与省译Samples6
Adrilledholecanbemadeaccurateandsmoothbyareamer.
Theamountofcellrespirationdependsuponthedegreeofactivityoftheorganism.
Manyprocesseshavealreadybeenproposed,andonepossiblefutureprocessisa
smeltingreduction
Thepurposeofthischapteristodescribethevariousfastenersortabulateavailablesizes.
Thechipswedgedbetweentheholderandtheworkpiece.
Insolidstheforceofattractionbetweenthemoleculesissogreatthatthearrangementofthemoleculesbecomesrigid.
Littleinformationisgivenabouttheoriginoflife.
Itdoesnotmatterwhetherweuseballbearingsorplainbearing.
Theinnerandouterringsaregradedandstoredaccordingtosizes.
Translatebyyourself6:
1.BreedingofhummingbirdstakesplaceinMayandJune.
蜂鸟的繁殖在每年的五月和六月。
2.Cartographyisthescienceofmakingmaps.
制图学是制作地图的一门技术。
3.Manyelementsinnaturearefoundtobemixturesofdifferentisotopes.
我们发现自然界中的许多元素是不同同位素的混合物。
4.Theaveragecurrentservesasausefulcriterionindeterminingtheenergytransfer.
平均电流在电能传输的过程中作为有效的标准。
5.Thebestsolutionistocontinuetoreduceallsourcesofpollutionaffectingouratmosphere.
改善环境最好的办法是继续减少所有污染源的排放。
6.Thatlikechargesrepelbutoppositechargesattractisoneofthefundamentallawofelectricity.
像“流向相同的电流互斥,流向不同的电流相吸”是电的一个基本原理。
顺译与倒译Samples7
Thenylonnutmustnotprotrudeabovethemetalsurface.
Thesodiumsilicatemakesthecorksticktothemoldsurface.
Spaceprogramsdemandtremendousquantitiesofliquidhydrogenandoxygenasrocketfuel.
Thusthebendingstressisveryeasilycomputed.
Attachmentsareusuallynotincludedwithastandardmachine.
Eitherorbothwindingsmaybeexcitedbyalternatingordirectcurrents.
Translatebyyourself7:
1.Thecorneaisapartoftheeyethathelpsfocuslighttocreateanimageontheretina.
有助于(眼睛)聚光在视网膜上成像的眼角膜是眼睛的一部分。
2.Almostanyinsulatedbodypossessestosomeextenttheabilitytoretainforatimeanelectriccharge.
几乎所有的绝缘体都有一定程度的短时间储存电荷的能力。
3.Theangular-contactbearingprovidesagreaterthrustcapacity.
这种角接触式滚珠轴承可以提供很好的轴向负荷支撑能力。
4.Singularityfunctionsdonotoccurinphysicalsystems.
物理系统中不会出现异常的功能。
5.Thepropertiesoftheweldcanbealteredbyvaryingthegrainorientation.
通过改变晶粒取向可以改变焊接点的性质。
6.PartoftheimmunereactionagainstAIDSoranyvirusisthatthelymphnodesenlarge.
淋巴结肿大是免疫系统抵抗AIDS和其他病毒的免疫反应的一部分。
第二章词的翻译
第一节词义的选择
一、根据词类选择词义
Thethicknessofatoothmeasuredalongthepitchcircleisonehalfthecircularpitch.
Theearthquakemeasured6.5ontheRichterscale.
Wemustreflectwhatmeasurestotakeincaseofanyaccidentalcollapseofabed.
Ductilityisalsoimportantbecauseitisameasureofthatpropertyofamaterialwhichpermitsittobecold-worked.
Translatethefollowingsentenceswiththeword“round”byyourself8:
1.Thespindlerotatessimultaneouslyroundtwoaxesatrightanglestoeachother.
锭子同时绕两个相互垂直的轴转动。
2.Theearthisn’tcompletelyround;itisslightlyflattenedatthepoles.
地球不是一个规整的圆,在两极略微扁平。
3.Ineachroundofoperationtheparticlepicksupenergyfromtheoscillatingelectricfield.
粒子在振荡电场中转动一周会吸收能量。
4.Anelectronisanextremelysmallcorpusclewithnegativechargewhichroundsaboutthenucleusofanatom.
电子是围绕原子核转动的带负电荷的非常小的粒子。
5.Herwaistmeasuresfortyinchesround
她的腰围有40英寸。
二、根据上下文选择词义
以develop这一动词为例:
Packagedsoftwareisdevelopedtoservethespecificneedsofoneuser.
Noisesmaydevelopinawornengine.
Shortsfrequentlydevelopwheninsulationisworn.
Sureenough,80percentoftheplantsdevelopedthedisease.
Todevelopbettermechanicalpropertiesisthepurposeofmanymetalworkingprocesses.
Otherisolationmethodsarebeingdeveloped.
Indevelopingthedesign,wemustconsiderthefeasibilityofprocessing.
Afterthewarmuchofthisknowledgewaspouredintothedevelopingofthecomputers.
Theycitedcasesofidenticaltwinsrearedindifferenthomeswhodevelopedverydifferentcharacteristicsdespiteidenticalheredity
Translatebyyourself9:
1.Amathematicalorlogicaloperationmustmeetacertaincondition.
数学或逻辑的应用必须对应具体的情形。
2.Interactiveprogrammingconditionsarenowavailableforsomecommercialprogramminglanguages.
适用于一些商业的程序语言是交互程序设计的现状。
3.Theresultsofabiopsyindicateararenonmalignantcondition.
活组织检查的结果表明这是一个罕见的良性疾病。
4.Doctorslearnthathesuffersfromablooddisorderandhesitatetotreathimwithanantivenin,whichtheybelievemightmakehisconditionworse.
医生知道到他得了血液病并且是否用抗毒素对他进行中治疗是犹豫不决的,因为他觉得这样可能会加重病情。
5.Thefrequencywithwhichthefiltershouldberemoved,inspected,andcleanedwillbedeterminedprimarilybyaircraftoperatingconditions.
过滤器的拆卸,检查,维护和清洁主要取决于飞机的运行情况。
三、根据词的搭配来选择词义
以idle为例:
idlecapacity备用容量idlecoil闲圈
idlecurrent无功电流idlefrequency闲频中心频率
idlemotion空转idleroll传动轧辊
idlewheel(gear)惰轮idlecontact间隔接点
idlespace有害空间idlestroke慢行程
再以large为例:
largecurrent强电流largepressure高电压
alargeamountofelectricpower大量的电力largeloads重载
large-screenreceiver宽屏电视接收机largecapacity高容量
largegrowing生长快的
Translatebyyourself10:
FindtheTranslationinColumnBwhichmatchesthephraseinColumnA.
1.low
a)下半轴瓦b)弱阻尼c)下限d)低强度电流e)仰视拍摄
f)低音调键g)慢速存取h)低位i)低速制动器
[b]1)lowdamping[i]2)lowbrake
[c]3)lowlimit[e]4)lowshot
[d]5)lowcurrent[h]6)loworder
[g]7)lowaccess[f]8)lowkey
[a]9)lowbrass
四、根据学科和专业选择词义
以英语名词carrier为例:
邮政业:
“邮递员”军事:
“航空母舰”,
运输业:
“搬运工”化学:
“载体”
医药学:
“带菌者,媒介物”车辆制造:
“底盘”
无线电:
“载波”机械行业:
“托架,传导管”
Translatebyyourself11:
FindtheTranslationinColumnBwhichmatchesthespecialtyorfieldinColumnA.
Apron
c)船头护船木b)停机坪a)护床
e)(炮的)口罩,伪装天幕d)(皮带)运输机f)冰川前的沙砾层
g)护墙,挡板
[a]1)机械行业:
[c]2)造船业:
[g]3)建筑业:
[f]4)地质:
[d]5)运输业:
[b]6)航空业:
[e]7)军事:
第二节词义的引申
一、技术性引申
Afterthespringhasbeenclosedtoitssolidheight,thecompressiveforceisremoved.
Theadjustmentscrewhasstopsatbothsides.
Theuseofseallegsforfeedinganddischargingsolidseliminatestheneedforcomplexlockhoppers.
Translatebyyourself12:
1.Thecauseofrollingresistanceisthedeformationofmatingsurfacesoftherollingelementandtheracewayonwhichitrolls.
滚动摩擦力产生的原因是滚动的物体和滚道接触面的形变
2.Traditionally,NCprogramminghasbeenperformedoff-linewiththemachineco