Verificationvalidation.docx

Verificationvalidation.docx

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Verificationvalidation

Verification&validation

确认（明确承认）&有效性验证（经过检验得到证实）？

结论：

Verification（有效性验证）validation（确认）

Verificati

21世纪大英汉词典释义

n.1.证明，证实

2.核实；查清

3.证据

4.【计算机】检验，核对

1、Verification ensurestheproductisdesignedtodeliverallfunctionalitytothecustomer;ittypicallyinvolvesreviewsandmeetingstoevaluatedocuments,plans,code,requirementsandspecifications;thiscanbedonewithchecklists,issueslists,andwalkthroughsandinspectionmeetings.（确认）

2、Verificationisaprocessinwhichinformationischeckedusingaccuratemeasures.E.g.whenyouenteranewpasswordyouareaskedtoretypeittoverifythatthepasswordsuppliediscorrect. （确认）

3、VerificationisCORRECTNESS. Correctnessisrelativetothesystemaspresented.

4、verificationissetofactivitiestoensurethatthefunctionthatisdevelopingproperly 

5、Verification:

1.ItisaQualityimprovementprocess. 

2.Itisinvolvewiththereviewingandevaluatingtheprocess. 

3.ItisconductedbyQAteam. 

4.VerificationisCorrectness. 

5.Areweproducingtheproductright?

6、VerificationCheckingtheapplicationwhetheritsatisfiesthespecified  userrequirementspecification. 

Validation

21世纪大英汉词典释义

n.确认；批准；生效

1、Validation ensuresthatfunctionality,asdefinedinrequirements,istheintendedbehavioroftheproduct;validationtypicallyinvolvesactualtestingandtakesplaceafterverificationsarecompleted.（有效性验证）

2、Validationhoweveristheautomaticprocessinwhichrulesareappliedinordertomakeinformationcorrect,E.g.iftherighttypeofdataisenteredinacertaincellinadatabase.（有效性验证）

3、ValidationisTRUTH. TRUTHissomethingabsolutewhichcannotbeinterpretteddifferently. 

4、validationisadifferentsetofactivitiestoensurethatthefunctionthathasbeenbuiltisworkingproperly.

5、Validation:

1.Itisensuresthefunctionality. 

2.ItisconductedbydevelopmentteamwiththehelpfromQCteam. 

3.ValidationisTruth. 

4.Validationisthefollowingprocessofverification. 

5.Areweproducingtherightproduct?

6、Validation  Checkingtheapplicationwhetheritsatisfiestheuserrequirementsatanytime（environmentchanges..ifany..）. 

verification和validation区别

Verification是验证,是通过提供客观证据证明规定的要求是否得到满足,也就是说,输入与输出比较.

Validation是确认,是在验证好的基础上,对预期的使用和应用要求是否得到满足,也就是说,在确认时,应考虑使用和应用的条件范围要远远大于输入时确定的范围.一般是由客户或代表客户的人执行.

VerificationandValidation

除了要测试对与错之外，还要侧重是否是有效的。

换言之，就是本文说得是Verification和Validation。

Verification也就是说要做正确、而Validation是看经过Verification是否是我们想要的。

Verificaiton是我们可以预见的，在测试以前就知道我们期望一个什么结果。

例如我要找GF，首先对方要是个女的，

if（Person.gender!

=female）returnfalse；

做IC的，读卡器芯片，必须能够读相应的数码卡；

做sales的，评价Performance的标准每个月的销售额就是Verification的标准。

Verification是否可以说是理性思维大于感性。

1是1，2是2。

而Validation首先前提是经过Verification，重要的是做的是否是customer需要的。

拿刚才三个例子，我相信任何一个人找对象，不会只需要一个异性。

验证Validation，还要看是否是自己喜欢的;IC做出来了，是否市场真的需要。

做sales，除了销售额，是否让客户买对了产品，是否增加了客户的忠诚度，是否合乎客户使用习惯应该是Validation过程。

可以说Validation更多的是感性因素多，也是一个及其难以掌握的事情。

毕竟，thinkfromothers是一件非常难的事情。

看看windowsxp，尽管安全问题依旧，但是很多用户会毫不犹豫地抛弃win98。

其实经过调查，大多数原因是界面比以前漂亮友好了很多。

而且使用方面，和之前的版本对于绝大多数人来说能够最大程度保持一致。

Microsoft的可怕不在于技术，而在于它能够让我们养成了习惯，习惯是很难改变的，而掌握了客户的习惯和心态，这正是做Validation的极高境界。

不多说了，下周末又有一场婚礼要参加。

看样又有一对新人经历了Verifiaction和Validation。

1、在整个开发过程中verification和validation是什么时期什么阶段需要做的？

VER和VAL是贯穿开发过程始终的

假设采用的生命周期模型是V模型

前期跟需求相关的确认的工作量要多（需求评审，用户接受测试用例评审，系统测试用例评审），在开发中期验证的工作量要相对大些（单元测试，代码评审），在开发的末期确认的工作量相对较大（系统测试，用户接受测试）

如果采用敏捷的方法，生命周期模型一般是增量模型，VER和VAL的工作量就基本一致，没有按阶段有所侧重

2、verification和validation针对的对象是什么？

针对的对象包括了开发过程的所有文档和代码

评审和测试是VER和VAL的主要形式

3、verification和validation都需要怎么去做？

VER和VAL的主要实现形式是评审和测试

4、verification和validation的区别？

Verification（验证）:

Youdoitright.

侧重在软件系统是否正确地反映了需求.

Validation（确认）:

Youdotherightthing.

侧重在是否按照客户的意图来进行系统开发

以测试举例（V模型），

用户接受测试，系统测试较靠近确认活动，侧重站在客户角度考虑问题

单元测试，集成测试较靠近验证活动，侧重站在系统功能角度考虑问题

Verification与Validation按照实行的目的不同来区分的

BTW：

两个活动可以说你中有我，我中有你，完全区分还是有困难的

双V是系统工程最核心的思想，这种思想也可以用来解释我们日常生活中面对的各种各样的事情。

简单的说：

Verification，中文翻译叫“验证”，就是把事情做对（dothingsright）；Validation，中文翻译叫“确认”，就是做对的事情（dorightthings）

二者如图所示

ThedifferencebetweenVerificationandValidation

Sometimeinthe1990’s,Idraftedafrequentlyaskedquestionlistfor NASA’sIV&Vfacility.Here’swhatIwroteonthemeaningoftheterms“validation”and“verification”:

ThetermsVerificationandValidationarecommonlyusedinsoftwareengineeringtomeantwodifferenttypesofanalysis.Theusualdefinitionsare:

∙Validation:

Arewebuildingtherightsystem?

∙Verification:

Arewebuildingthesystemright?

Inotherwords,validationisconcernedwithcheckingthatthesystemwillmeetthecustomer’sactualneeds,whileverificationisconcernedwithwhetherthesystemiswell-engineered,error-free,andsoon.Verificationwillhelptodeterminewhetherthesoftwareisofhighquality,butitwillnotensurethatthesystemisuseful.

Thedistinctionbetweenthetwotermsislargelytodowiththeroleofspecifications.Validationistheprocessofcheckingwhetherthespecificationcapturesthecustomer’sneeds,whileverificationistheprocessofcheckingthatthesoftwaremeetsthespecification.

Verificationincludesalltheactivitiesassociatedwiththeproducinghighqualitysoftware:

testing,inspection,designanalysis,specificationanalysis,andsoon.Itisarelativelyobjective process,inthatifthevariousproductsanddocumentsareexpressedpreciselyenough,nosubjectivejudgementsshouldbeneededinordertoverifysoftware.

Incontrast,validationisanextremelysubjectiveprocess.Itinvolvesmakingsubjectiveassessmentsofhowwellthe（proposed）systemaddressesareal-worldneed.Validationincludesactivitiessuchasrequirementsmodelling,prototypinganduserevaluation.

Inatraditionalphasedsoftwarelifecycle,verificationisoftentakentomeancheckingthattheproductsofeachphasesatisfytherequirementsofthepreviousphase.Validationisrelegatedtojustthebeginingandendingoftheproject:

requirementsanalysisandacceptancetesting.Thisviewiscommoninmanysoftwareengineeringtextbooks,andismisguided.Itassumesthatthecustomer’srequirementscanbecapturedcompletelyatthestartofaproject,andthatthoserequirementswillnotchangewhilethesoftwareisbeingdeveloped.Inpractice,therequirementschangethroughoutaproject,partlyinreactiontotheprojectitself:

thedevelopmentofnewsoftwaremakesnewthingspossible.Thereforebothvalidationandverificationareneededthroughoutthelifecycle.

Finally,V&Visnowregardedasacoherentdiscipline:

”SoftwareV&Visasystemsengineeringdisciplinewhichevaluatesthesoftwareinasystemscontext,relativetoallsystemelementsofhardware,users,andothersoftware”.（fromSoftwareVerificationandValidation:

ItsRoleinComputerAssuranceandItsRelationshipwithSoftwareProjectManagementStandards,byDoloresR.WallaceandRogerU.Fujii,NISTSpecialPublication500-165）

Havingthuscarefullydistinguishedthetwoterms,myadvicetoV&Vpractitionerswasthentoforgetaboutthedistinction,andthinkinsteadaboutV&Vasatoolbox,whichprovidesawiderangeoftoolsforaskingdifferentkindsofquestionsaboutsoftware.Andtomastertheuseofeachtoolandfigureoutwhenandhowtouseit.Here’soneofmyattemptstovisualizethespaceoftoolsinthetoolbox:

ArangeofV&Vtechniques.Notethat"modeling"and"modelchecking"refertobuildingandanalyzingabstractedmodelsofsoftwarebehaviour,averydifferentkindofbeastfromscientificmodelsusedinthecomputationalsciences

Forclimatemodels,thedefinitionsthatfocusonspecificationsdon’tmakemuchsense,becausetherearenodetailedspecificationsofclimatemodels（norcantherebe–they’rebuiltbyiterativerefinementlikeagilesoftwaredevelopment）.Butnomatter–thetoolboxapproachstillworks;itjustmeanssomeofthetoolsareappliedalittledifferently.Anappropriatetoolboxforclimatemodelinglooksalittledifferentfrommypictureabove,becausesomeofthesetoolsaremoreappropriateforreal-timecontrolsystems,applicationssoftware,etc,andtherearesomemissingfromtheabovepicturethatareparticularforsimulationsoftware.I’lldrawabetterpicturewhenI’vefinishedanalyzingthedatafrommyfieldstudiesofpracticesusedatclimatelabs.

ManydifferentV&Vtools arealreadyinuse atmostclimatemodellinglabs,butthereisroomforaddingmoretoolstothetoolbox,andforsharpeningtheexistingtools（what and how arethesubjectsofmycurrentresearch）.Butthequestionofhowbesttodothismustproceedfromadetailedanalysisofcurrentpracticesandhoweffectivetheyare.Thereseemtobeplentyof people wanderingintothisspace,claimingthatthemodelsareinsufficientlyverified,validated,orboth.Andsuchpeopleliketopontificateaboutwhatclimatemodelersoughttododifferently.Butanyonewhopontificatesinthisway,butisunabletogiveadetailedaccountofwhichV&Vtechniquesclimatemodellerscurrentlyuse,isjustblowingsmoke.Ifyoudon’tknowwhat’sinthetoolboxalready,thenyoucan’treallymakeconstructivecommentsaboutwhat’smissing.

WhatisVerificationandValidation?

DifferenceBetweenVerificationandValidation

Inthecontextoftesting,“VerificationandValidation”areverywidelyandcommonlyusedterms.Mostofthetimes,weconsiderthetermssame,butactuallythetermsarequitedifferent.

TherearetwoaspectsofV&Vtasks

∙Confirmstorequirements（Producerviewofquality）

∙Fitforuse（consumersviewofquality）

Producer’sviewofquality,insimplertermsmeansthedevelopersperceptionofthefinalproduct.

Consumersviewofqualitymeansusersperceptionoffinalproduct.

WhenwecarryouttheV&Vtasks,wehavetoconcentratebothoftheseviewofquality.

Tobegi