Unit5ToLieorNottoLieTheDoctorsDilemma.docx

Unit5ToLieorNottoLieTheDoctorsDilemma.docx

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Unit5ToLieorNottoLieTheDoctorsDilemma

Unit5ToLieorNottoLie–TheDoctor’sDilemma

一、教学目的

1、了解与课文相关的文化背景知识和议论文的文体风格及写作特点。

2、理解课文的主题思想以及文中出现的复杂、疑难句式。

3、掌握：

1）课文的篇章结构和特点;

2）构词法：

后缀-ary&-oryaddedtonounstoformadjectives

3）惯用法：

also,aswell,too;

4）阅读技巧:

BasicReadingSkillVII—DistinguishingFactfromOpinion

（1）;

5）写作技巧：

writeconcludingsentence;aletterofapplication.

4、熟练掌握：

重点词汇、短语和关键句型

1）重点词汇：

advocate,alternative,benefit,conceal,arise,betray,promote,differ,risk,distort,tolerate,render,informed,concerning,suspicion,injure,deceive,debate,issue,consequence,professional,peculiar;

2）重点短语、句型：

短语：

attimes,inone’seyes,slipinto,contraryto,inthefirstplace,inthecourseof,inthedark,bringtoaclose,takeleave,inthelongrun,gotogreatlengths,refrainfrom,dayafterday;

句型：

1）contraryto…

2）objectclause

二、教学重点

1、掌握：

1）与课文相关的文化背景知识，如“ThreeTypesofDoctors”,“OtherMedicalWorkers”,“WhiteLies”etc.

ThreeTypesofDoctors:

Generalpractitioners（全科医生）:

Theymaynothavespecialtraininginanyparticularmedicalfield,butdevelopsawideknowledgeofallkindsofillness.

Specialists（专家，专科医生）:

Somedoctorsprefertotreatonlycertainkindsofillness,thusbecomingspecialistsintheirchosenfield.

Researchers（医学研究人员）:

Thosedoctorsoftenhelpteachfuturephysiciansinmedicalschools.Atthesametime,theyusethelaboratoriesandhospitalfacilitiesofthemedicalschoolstoconductresearchprograms.

OtherMedicalWorkers

Physician内科医生

Surgeon外科医生

Dentist牙医

Intern,Resident,ChiefResident实习医生，住院医生，住院总医师

Nurse,HeadNurse护士，护士长

Veterinarian（Vet）兽医

Quack江湖游医

AWhiteLie

Awhitelieisaliethatisconsideredtobejustified,orevenpraiseworthy,ifitisintheinterestsofthepersonorpeopletowhomitistold.Quiteoften,adoctor’slieisthoughttobeacaseinpoint.

2）了解议论文的文体风格和写作特点。

2、理解课文的主题思想，掌握课文的篇章结构。

Mainidea:

Somedoctorssincerelybelievethattheyhavegoodreasonstotellliesforthepatient’sownbenefit.ButtheauthorofthisarticleholdsadifferentviewonthisissueShegivesherreasonswhypatients,especiallythosewhoaredying,shouldbeinformedoftheirtruehealthcondition.Shealsoemphasizesthatdoctors’tellingliesinjuresboththepatientsandthedoctorsthemselves.Andinthelongrun,itinjurestheentiremedicalprofession.Thussheurgesthisissuebeopenlydebated.

PartDivisionoftheText：

Part1（Para.1-5）：

Doctors’reasonsfortellinglies;

Part2（Para.6-9）：

Theauthor’sreasonswhypatientsshouldbetoldthetruth;

Part3（Para.10-11）:

Theauthorurgesthisissuebeopenlydebated..

3、通过本课程的学习，学生应熟练掌握并运用以下词汇、短语、句型：

词汇部分要注意学生对词汇搭配的掌握。

1）A类词汇（四级高频词汇，要求学生准确掌握拼写、文章中的词义、用法及其相关的词性转换、词义或用法的补充）

1.benefit【教材】vt.dogoodto;begoodfor有益于，对…有利

e.g.Thenewpolicyofthegovernmentwillbenefitthemajorityofthepeople.

Thenewhospitalwillbenefitthelocalcommunity.

Sentencepattern:

benefitby/from从…中获益

AbenefitsB

Bbenefitsfrom/byA

2.recover【教材】vi.痊愈，复元，恢复健康

e.g.He’shomenowrecoveringfromaheartattack.

Hehasjustrecoveredfromasevereillness

【补充】recovery（from）n.

3.conceal【教材】vt.隐瞒

e.g.Sheconcealedherfearfromtheyoungmembersofthefamily.

Iknewatoncethatthedoctorwasconcealingsomethingfromme.

4.shelter【教材】n.保护掩护vi.躲避vt.保护

e.g.Thebasicnecessitiesoflifearefood,clothingandshelter.

Intherainpeoplewereshelteringinthedoorwaysofshops.

【补充】Shelter…from保护….以避免…

e.g.Youmustnotshelterhimfromthepolice.你不可隐匿他而不报警

5.promote【教材】vt.促进，推进；提升

e.g.Thegovernmentwascriticizedfornotpayingenoughattentiontoenvironmentalprotectionwhilepromotingeconomicgrowth.

Hehasbeenpromotedtwicesincejoiningthearmy6yearsago.

【补充】pro-:

prefixforward向前

Note:

bepromotedtoacertainposition:

被提升到某个新职位

6.grave【教材】a.serious严重的；严肃的

e.g.ThedoctorhastoldusthatPeter’sconditionisverygraveandhewillprobablydie.

Thedoctor’sfacewasgravewhenhetoldusthenews.

【补充】gravityn.

7.confront【教材】vt.face（勇敢地）面对；对抗

e.g.Weareconfrontingsomecomplicatedproblemsnow.

Hewaswellawarethathewasconfrontingseriousoppositionfromhisopponentswithintheparty.

【补充】

confrontsb.with…

beconfrontedwith

8.distort【教材】vt.歪曲

e.g.You’vedistortedwhatIsaid.

Thenewspapergaveadistortedaccountofwhathadhappened.

9.betray【教材】vt.背叛

e.g.ThepublicfeltbetrayedwhenthePresidentwentbackonhispromisenottoraisetaxes.

Whocouldhavethoughtthathehadbetrayedhisbestfriendtotheenemy?

10.tolerate【教材】vt.容忍

e.g.Theabilitytotoleratepainvariesfrompersontoperson.

Theworkerssaidtheycouldn’ttoleratethepoorworkingconditionsanylonger.

【补充】tolerancen.容忍，宽容

toleranta.能容忍的，宽容的，含有主动的意味

tolerablea.可容忍的，过得去的，含有被动的意味

bear,stand,endure,tolerate,putupwith

1）bear:

“忍受”，常带有原来“负担”的含义，强调忍受者的“坚忍”。

（bearthedisease/torture）

2）stand:

与bear大致同义，多用于口语中，常以否定形式，在肯定语里具有比bear更强的正面意味，即“不屈不挠”或“经受得起”。

e.g.Ican’tstand（bear）thisheat.我真受不了这个热。

Hesuccessfullystoodtheseveretest.他胜利地经受了那次严峻的考验。

3）endure:

侧重折磨或不愉快的长期性

4）tolerate:

容忍，语气较以上几个词弱，所容忍的现象（人或物）一般不是给主语直接带来强烈苦难

5）putupwith:

可看作一个普通及物动词，与tolerate意义较近，有“宽容”、“不计较”、“将就”等含义

11.advocate:

vt.n.拥护倡导（者）

e.g.Doyouadvocatekeepingallchildrenatschooltilltheageofsixteen?

Prof.Liisapassionateadvocateofsocialistmarketeconomy.

Theyarestrongadvocatesofwomen’srights.

Note:

advocatevt.arguefor,champion,promote,support

12.arise【教材】vi.出现，产生，呈现

e.g.Thequestionthenarisesastowhatwearegoingtodooncewegettheequipment.

Atalaterstagetherearosenewproblemswhichwereevenhardertosolve.

【补充】arisefrom:

resultfrom由…产生，由…引起，起源于

13.debate【教材】vt.辩论

e.g.Theydebatedthequestionforatleastfivehoursbeforetakingavote.

TheUnitedNationsSecurityCouncilwilldebatetheissuetomorrow.

14.consequence【教材】:

somethingthatlogicallyornaturallyfollowsfromanactionorcondition.结果：

一种行为或情况在逻辑上或自然而然产生的结果

e.g.Ithasbeenrainingforawholeweek.Inconsequence,wehavetocancelourtrip.

15.pressfor…催促迫切要求

e.g.Theydidpressforfreedomofspeculation,thought,andinquiry

他们确实要求自由研究、自由思想和自由探索。

Movedbycompassion,Ididn'tpressforpayment.

出于同情心我不逼债了。

2）B类词汇（四级词汇，要求学生准确掌握拼写、文章中的词义、用法）

1.dilemman.  asituationinwhichonehastomakeachoicebetweentwoequallyunsatisfactorythings;adifficultchoice窘境，进退两难

2.linen.  abusiness,profession,trade,etc.行业  

3.brutala.  cruel,severe

4.minimizevt.reducetothesmallestpossibleamountordegreenormally

5.gravityn.  thequalityofbeingseriouscritical严重性

6.suiciden.  theactofkillingoneself

7.physiciann.  adoctorofmedicine  内科医生

8. virtuen.goodnessormoralexcellence;agoodquality美德；优点

9.uttervt.speak;giveout

10.overwhelminga.  toomany,toogreat,ortoomuchtoberesisted势不可挡的；压倒之势的

11.invadevt.enter（acountry）witharmedforcesinordertoattack;violate,interferewith侵犯 

12.documentvt.proveorsupportwithdocuments用文件证明

13.rendervt.causetobe

14.informeda.  havingknowledgeorinformation;havingandusingsuitableknowledge了解情况的；有见识的

15.concerningprep.about,withregardto

16.increasinglyad.moreandmorealltime

17.suspicionn.  doubt;mistrust怀疑

18.billn.  法案；议案；账单

19.treatmentn.  asubstanceormethodusedintreatingsomeonemedically治疗；疗法

20.issuen.  aquestionthatarisesfordiscussion问题；争端

21.peculiara.特别的，独特的，奇怪的

3）A类短语（四级高频短语，要求学生准确掌握拼写、文章中的意思、用法及其词义或用法的补充、相关短语的比较等）

1.attimes【教材】:

sometimes;onceinawhile间或，偶尔

e.g.Wehavenoodlesforlunchattimes.

Asmyfatherisgettingoninyears,hegetsverysleepyattimes.

2.inone’seyes:

在某人眼里，在某人看来

e.g.Tonyisover30now,butintheeyesofhisparents,heisstillachild.

Intheeyesofthelaw,itisthefttotakeanythingthatdoesnotbelongtoyou.（accordingto…）

3.slipinto:

fallinto,enter（esp.throughcarelessness）陷入

e.g.Owingtohisnervousness,hehasslippedintothebadhabitofbitinghisnailswhenlisteningtoothers.

4.contraryto:

与…相反

e.g.Everythinghehasdoneiscontrarytowhathesaidhewoulddo.

Contrarytopopularbelief,thedesertcanbeabeautifulplace.

5.keep/leaveinthedark:

把某人蒙在鼓里，不让某人知道，对某事毫不知情

e.g.Peterkepthisparentsinthedarkabouthisbadexaminationresults.

Hesaidnothing,leavingmeinthedarkabouthisplans.

6.bringsth.toaclose:

end

e.g.WemustbringtheworktoaclosebeforeChristmas.

7.takeleave（of）（向…）告别

e.g.Let’stakeleaveofthetopicandturntoanother.

Hehastakenleaveofme.

8.inthelongrun:

从长远的观点看；最终

e.g.Youmaymakegoodgradesbystudyingonlybeforeexaminations,butyouwillsucceedinthelongrunonlybystudyinghardeveryday.

Itpaysinthelongruntobuygoodsofhighquality.

9.gotogreatlengths:

不遗余力，竭尽全力

e.g.Hewenttogreatlengthstoprovetohisgirlfriendthathehadearnedhissuccessbyhardwork.

He’llgotoall/anylengthstogethischildbackfromhisex-wife.

10.refrainfrom:

忍住；抑制，制止；戒除

e.g.Youmustrefrainfromeatingtoomuch.

Hecouldhardlyrefrainfromlaughingonhearingmyjoke.

4）B类短语（四级词汇，要求学生准确掌握拼写、文章中的词义、用法）

1.  goon（atrip,vacation）  departforthepurposeof.

2. forone's（own）sake：

 forone'sownbenefit为了某人自己的利益.

3. inthefirstplace：

firstly

4. inthecourseof:

during

5.dayafterday:

  eachday

4.句型：

1）contraryto…

2）objectclause

5.构词法：

后缀-ary&-oryaddedtonounstoformadjectives

6.惯用法：

also,aswell,too;

7.阅读技巧:

BasicReadingSkillVii—DistinguishingFactfromOpinion

（1）;

8.写作技巧：

writeconcludingsentence;aletterofapplication.

9、口语训练活动：

Workwith