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新概念

Lesson5　　　Thefacts确切数字

一、【Text】课文

Editorsofnewspapersandmagazinesoftengotoextremestoprovidetheirreaderswithunimportantfactsandstatistics.Lastyearajournalisthadbeeninstructedbyawell-knownmagazinetowriteanarticleonthepresident'spalaceinanewAfricanrepublic.Whenthearticlearrived,theeditorreadthefirstsentenceandthenrefusedtopublishit.Thearticlebegan:

'Hundredsofstepsleadtothehighwallwhichsurroundsthepresident'spalace.'Theeditoratoncesentthejournalistatelegraminstructinghimtofindouttheexactnumberofstepsandtheheightofthewall.

Thejournalistimmediatelysetouttoobtaintheseimportantfacts,buthetookalongtimetosendthem.Meanwhile,theeditorwasgettingimpatient,forthemagazinewouldsoongotopress.Hesentthejournalisttwomorefaxes,butreceivednoreply.Hesentyetanotherfaxinformingthejournalistthatifhedidnotreplysoonhewouldbefired.Whenthejournalistagainfailedtoreply,theeditorreluctantlypublishedthearticleasithadoriginallybeenwritten.Aweeklater,theeditoratlastreceivedatelegramfromthejournalist.Notonlyhadthepoormanbeenarrested,buthehadbeensenttoprisonaswell.However,hehadatlastbeenallowedtosendafaxinwhichheinformedtheeditorthathehadbeenarrestedwhilecountingthe1,084stepsleadingtothefifteen-footwallwhichsurroundedthepresident'spalace.

二、【Newwordsandexpressions】生词和短语

◆editorn.编辑

◆extreme    n.极端

◆statistics   n.统计数字

◆journalist  n.新闻记者

◆president  n.总统

◆palace      n.王宫；宏伟的住宅

◆publish     v.出版

◆fax   n.传真

◆impatient  adj.不耐烦的

◆fire   v.解雇

◆originally adv.起初，原先，从前

★editorn.编辑

editvt.编辑

editionn.编辑

editorialadj.编辑的，主编的；n.社论，评论

★extremen.极端

gotoextreme（s）todo走极端

Eg:

Hewenttoextremetosaythattheplaywasthebestone.

Hewenttoextremestosaythathisgirlfriendwasthemostbeautifulintheworld.

gofromoneextremetotheother

★statisticsn.统计数字

★journalistn.新闻记者

journalist（杂志）新闻记者

reproter  （电视台）记者

correspondent（电台）记者，通讯员

★presidentn.总统

★palacen.王宫；宏伟的住宅

★publishv.出版

Eg:

Theyhavealreadypublishedthemagazine.

=printvt.

Eg:

thebookhasalreadybeenpublished.

Thebookhasgonetopress.

★faxn.传真

sentafax

★impatientadj.不耐烦的

patientadj.有耐心的

patientlyadv.有耐心地

impatientadj.不耐烦的

impatientlyadv.不耐烦地

patiencen.

impatience

★firev.解雇

Hewasfiredfromhisjob.

dismass（正式）

Themanagerdisissedhimfromhiscompany.

sack（俚语）vt.解雇，辞退

Eg:

Ifyoudoitwrongagainyouwillbesacked.

★originallyadv.起初，原先，从前

originaladj.

三、【课文精析】

gotoextremes走极端

provide=supply给…，提供（通常与介词搭配连用）

provedesb.Withsth./providesth.forsb.

Heprovidedthemwithabedforthenight.

Heprovidedabedforthemforthenight.

instructsb.todosth==tellsb.formallytodosth.正式告诉某人做某事

‘…ajournalisthadbeeninstructedbyawell-knownmagazinetowriteanarticleonthepresident'spalaceinanewAfricanrepublic.’

主动语态：

Awell-knownmagazineinstructedajournalisttowriteanarticleonthepresident'spalaceinanewAfricanrepublic.’

 Theteacherinstructedhimtotaketheexamination.

on==about侧重强调课题专一

Abookonradio

Whenthearticlearrived=Whentheeditorreceivedthearticle

refusetopublishit

refuse:

   vt.拒绝（态度严厉）

decline:

  vt. 婉言谢绝

repudiate:

vt. 断然拒绝

which指代thehighwall

instructing—现在分词进一步补充说明fax的情况

setouttodosth.==decideandtrytodo决定，打算，着手做=setaboutdoing

Eg:

Hesetouttomakehisfirst1,000,000in5years

takesb.alongtimetodosth.某事花了某人很久的时间

Ittookmefivedaystowritethearticle.

twomorefaxes=anothertwofaxes

failto

reluctantly=unwillingly勉勉强强地，不情愿地

asithadoriginallybeenwritten=initsoriginalway

倒装简述：

notonly位于句首，必须采用倒装形式

Thepoormanhadnotonlybeenarrested,buthadbeensenttoprisonaswell.

1．否定副词位于句首，要倒装。

  NeverhaveIreadsuchstories.我从来没有读过这样的小说。

  Nowherecanhefindthebookhewants.无论在哪儿他都找不到他想要的那本书。

  HardlydidIthinkitpossible.我并不认为这是可能的。

常用的否定副词：

never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,nowhere,nosooner

2．含有only的状语位于句首，句子要倒装

  Onlythendidherealizethathehadmadeamistake.只有到那个时候，他才认识到自己犯了个错误。

  Onlywhenagreatdealmoreinformationhasbeenobtainedwillitbepossibletoplanatrip.

只有获得比较多的信息之后，才有可能计划去旅行。

3．还有not的副词短语位于句首，要倒装。

  notforamoment,notintheleast,notforaninstant,notuntil

  NotintheleastisheinterestedinEnglshliterature.他对英国文学一点都不感兴趣。

  Notforaninstantdidibelievehehadlied.

4．含有no的短语位于句首，句子要倒装。

  atnotime,innoway,innosence,bynomeans,innocase,onnoaccount,onnocondition,undernocircumstances.‘绝不’

   Undernocircumstancescanweaccpetthecheck.无论如何我们不能接受这笔钱。

   Onnoaccountmustyouleavethebabyinthehouse.你无论如何也不能把婴儿留在房间里。

5．so,suh位于句首，句子也要倒装。

Hehadatlastbeenallowed=hehadatlastbeenpermitted

=hehadaskedforpermission

beallowedtodo,bepermittedtodo,askedforpermissiontodosth.：

请求允许，被允许

inwhich----which指代fax

while和现在分词搭配，做时间状语，表示“正在做某事的过程中”，可以用while引导的时间状语从句去替换。

 whilehewascounting…

leadingto现在分词，通向

thestepsleadingtothepresident’spalace

theroadleadingtotheforest

fifteen-foot----做前置定语，这里的名词必须是单数形式

which指代wall（避免和前面的句式结构相同）

Lesson6 Smash-andgrab砸橱窗抢劫

一、【Text】课文

TheexpensiveshopsinafamousarcadenearPiccadillywerejustopening.Atthistimeofthemorning,thearcadewasalmostempty.MrTaylor,theownerofajewelleryshopwasadmiringanewwindowdisplay.Twoofhisassistantshadbeenworkingbusilysince8o'clockandhadonlyjustfinished.Diamondnecklacesandringshadbeenbeautifullyarrangedonabackgroundofblackvelvet.Aftergazingatthedisplayforseveralminutes,MrTaylorwentbackintohisshop.

Thesilencewassuddenlybrokenwhenalargecar,withitsheadlightsonanditshornblaring,roareddownthearcade.Itcametoastopoutsidethejeweler's.Onemanstayedatthewheelwhiletwootherswithblackstockingsovertheirfacesjumpedoutandsmashedthewindowoftheshopwithironbars.Whilethiswasgoingon,MrTaylorwasupstairs.Heandhisstaffbeganthrowingfurnitureoutofthewindow.Chairsandtableswentflyingintothearcade.Oneofthethieveswasstruckbyaheavystatue,buthewastoobusyhelpinghimselftodiamondstonoticeanypain.Theraidwasalloverinthreeminutes,forthemenscrambledbackintothecaranditmovedoffatafantasticspeed.Justasitwasleaving,MrTaylorrushedoutandranafteritthrowingashtraysandvases,butitwasimpossibletostopthethieves.Theyhadgotawaywiththousandsofpoundsworthofdiamonds.

二、【Newwordsandexpressions】生词和短语

◆smash-and-grabn.砸橱窗抢劫

◆arcade      n.有拱廊的街道（两旁常设商店）

◆Piccadilly n.皮卡迪利大街

◆jewellery  n.珠宝（总称）

◆necklace     n.项链

◆ring  n.戒指

◆background     n.背景

◆velet n.天鹅绒，丝绒

◆headlight  n.（汽车等）前灯

◆blare v.发嘟嘟声，吼叫

◆staff  n.全体工作人员

◆raid  n.偷袭

◆scramble  v.爬行

◆fantastic   adj.非常大的

◆ashtray     n.烟灰缸

★smash-and-grabn.砸橱窗抢劫

smashvt.breaksth.intopiecesviolently

      vi. Thedishessmashedonthefloor.

smashinto:

撞击到某处

Eg:

Thebussmashedintoabigtree.

grab:

seizesuddenly

catch:

getholdofsth./sbb.moving

snatch:

catchsth./sb.suddenlyandviolently

seize:

强调抓住、抓到的结果Fearseizedher.

grasp:

强调掌握

hold：

强调抓牢、抓紧Heisholdinganumbrella.

★arcaden.有拱廊的街道（两旁常设商店）

★Piccadillyn.皮卡迪利大街

★jewelleryn.珠宝（总称）

★necklacen.项链

★ringn.戒指

★backgroundn.背景

onthebackgroundofsth.以什么为背景

backgroundinformation

amanofexcellentbackground

★veletn.天鹅绒，丝绒

★headlightn.（汽车等）前灯

★blarev.发嘟嘟声，吼叫

★staffn.全体工作人员

★raidn.偷袭

★scramblev.爬行

scramblevi.creepquickly

climbvt.爬上

mount:

登上

★★★fantasticadj.非常大的

fantastic:

verygreat/large       afantasticsofmoney

         strange

         wonderful

★ashtrayn.烟灰缸

三、【课文精析】

inafamousarcadenearPiccadilly介词短语修饰shops

Eg:

Theshoeshopinmyneighbourhoodwasjustopening.

Eg:

Beijing,ourcapital,isevelopingenormously（atfantasticspeed）.

Keysentence:

 ‘Aftergazingatthedisplayforseveralminutes,MrTaylorwentbackintohisshop.’

运用ing形式结构，其逻辑主语要和主句的主语保持一致

本课的重点句式：

with的复合结构

如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系，应该采用动词的ing形式：

如果是动宾关系，应该采用过去分词形式作宾补

如果表达某事将要展开发生，要用动词不定式to

Shesatstaringintothedistancewithtearsstreamingdownhercheeks.

Shestoodtherwithherhandsrestingonherhips.

Heranintotheroomwithhisfacecoveredwithtears.

Withhishomeworkfinished,hefelthappy.

Heusedtosleepwithallthewindowsopen.

Hewentoutwithhishaton.

Withthemeetingover,wewenthome.

Hecameinwithaknifeinhishand.

Twootherswithblackstockingsovertheirfacesjumpedout.

Withalotofworktodo,hecan’tgotothecinama.

总结：

with用于句首或句尾，常表示状语、行为方式、原因、伴随状况等；如果跟在名词之后，是用来修饰限定该名词

athiefwithatockingoverhisface

ateacherwithabookunderhisarm

aroomwiththewindowsopen

cometo后面常接名词，表示达到

cometoastop,cometoanend,cometoadecision,cometoanagreement,cometoanunderstanding,cometosuccess,cometofame

停车stop,drawup,pullup

atthebarbar’s,atthebutcher’s,atthebaker’s,atthegreengrocer’s.atthegrocer’s,atthestationer’s,atthetobacconist’s,atthechemist’s

helponeselfto:

自便

helpyourselttodish

Myroommatehelpedherselftomyclotheswithoutaskingme.

atafantasticspeed/atatremendousspeed/atahigh（full）speed/withgreatspeed

hundredsofthousandsofdollarsworthofjewel数十万美元的珠宝

Wordbuilding

前