Unit 2 Lessons from Jefferson.docx
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Unit2LessonsfromJefferson
Warm-up
WatchashortvideoabouttheAmericanpresidents.Howmanydoyouknow?
Canyousaysomethingaboutthem?
GeorgeWashington（1732-1799）:
Commander-in-ChiefoftheContinentalArmyduringtheAmericanRevolution,statesmanandfirstPresidentoftheUnitedStates,borninWestmorelandCounty,VirginiaonFebruary22,1732.
AbrahamLincoln（1809-1865）:
the16thPresidentoftheUnitedStates,bornonFebruary12,1809inabackwoodscabinthreemilessouthofHodgenville,Kentucky,preservedtheUnionduringtheCivilWarandbroughtabouttheemancipationoftheslaves.
FranklinD.Roosevelt（1882-1945）:
the32ndPresidentoftheUnitedStates;electedfourtimes;institutedNewDealtocounterthegreatdepressionandledcountryduringWorldWarII.
BillClinton（1946-）:
the42ndPresidentoftheUnitedStates（1993-1996）andthefirstpresidentbornafterWorldWarII,electedtoasecondtermin1996.
NationalTreasure
TheContinentalCongressmetinJune1776.Theydecidedthatthethirteencoloniesshouldbefreeandindependentstates,buttheyneededtowriteupaspecificdocumenttodeclaretheirindependencefromGreatBritain.
TheContinentalCongressdecidedtohaveThomasJeffersonwritethefirstdraftoftheDeclarationofIndependence.
ThomasJefferson（1743-1826）isbestrememberedasagreatPresidentandastheauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependence.Healsowonlastingfameasadiplomat,apoliticalthinker,andafounderoftheDemocraticParty.
EnjoyashortvideoaboutThomasJefferson
BruceBliven
ThomasJefferson,thethirdPresidentoftheUnitedStates,maybelessfamousthanGeorgeWashingtonandAbrahamLincoln,butmostpeoplerememberatleastonefactabouthim:
hewrotetheDeclarationofIndependence.
AlthoughJeffersonlivedmorethan200yearsago,thereismuchthatwecanlearnfromhimtoday.Manyofhisideasareespeciallyinterestingtomodernyouth.Herearesomeofthethingshesaidandwrote:
Declaration
n.documentcontaininganopenpublicannouncement
Obamawillmakeadeclarationofcandidacyagainforthepresidentialcampaignsin2012.
Fillinthiscustomsbaggagedeclarationform,please.
请把这份海关行李申报单填好。
HistorianstendtotellthesamejokewhentheyaredescribinghistoryeducationinAmerica.It’stheone61theteacherstandingintheschoolroomdoor62goodbyetostudentsforthesummerandcalling63them,“Bytheway,wewonWorldWarII.”
Theproblemwiththejoke,ofcourse,isthatit’s64funny.Therecentsurveyson65illiteracy（无知）arebeginningtonumb（令人震惊）:
nearlyonethirdofAmerican17?
year?
oldscannoteven66whichcountriestheUnitedStates67againstinthatwar.Onethirdhaveno68whentheDeclarationofIndependencewas69.
61.A.aboutB.inC.forD.by
62.A.shakingB.wavingC.noddingD.speaking
63.A.inB.afterC.forD.up
64.A.rarelyB.soC.tooD.not
65.A.historicalB.educational
C.culturalD.political
66.A.distinguishB.acknowledge
C.identifyD.convey
67.A.defeatedB.attacked
C.foughtD.struck
68.A.senseB.doubtC.reasonD.idea
69.A.printedB.signed
C.markedD.edited
OnethirdthoughtColumbusreachedtheNewWorldafter1750.Twothirdscannotcorrectly70theCivilWarbetween1850and1900.71whentheygettheanswersright,someare72guessing.
Unlikemathorscience,ignoranceofhistorycannotbe73connectedtolossofinternational74.Butitdoesaffectourfuture75ademocraticnationandasindividuals.
The76newsisthatthereisgrowingagreement77whatiswrongwiththe78ofhistoryandwhatneedstobe79tofixit.Thestepsaretentative（尝试性）80yettobefeltinmostclassrooms.
70.A.placeB.judgeC.getD.lock
71.A.EvenB.ThoughC.ThusD.So
72.A.hardlyB.justC.stillD.ever
73.A.exclusivelyB.practically
C.shortlyD.directly
74.A.competitivenessB.comprehension
C.communityD.commitment
75.A.ofB.forC.withD.as
76.A.fineB.niceC.surprisingD.good
77.A.toB.withC.onD.of
78.A.consultingB.coaching
C.teachingD.instructing
79.A.doneB.dealtC.metD.reached
80.A.thereforeB.orC.andD.as
Recently,JeremyLinfrequentlyobtainedthenomination（提名）ofThebestplayerforhisexcellentperformanceinNBA.
Obtain:
getthrougheffort
MoreinformationaboutJeremyLincanbeobtainedfromthe
internet.
Computertechnologyenabledtheresearcherstoobtainprecisemeasurementsofthevolumeofthefrontandsidesectionsofthebrain,whichrelatetointellect（智能）andemotion,anddeterminethehumancharacter.
计算机技术帮助研究人员获得人脑前部和侧部的准确体积，这是与人的智能和情绪有关的部分，而且也决定人的性格特点。
achieve,acquire,attain,gain,obtain都含有一定的“获得,达到”之意
achieve强调由于极大的努力，克服困难后达到目标。
1.Afteroneyearofhardexercise,hefinallyachievedthetopthreeofthechampionships.
经过一年的刻苦练习,他终于获得了锦标赛的前三名。
acquire指经过不懈努力才获得的技术，知识等抽象的东西，也指养成习惯等。
2.Alicehas___someveryunpleasanthabitsrecently.
A.obtainedB.gainedC.attainedD.acquired
爱丽丝最近养成了一些不良的习惯。
3.She___agoodknowledgefromthefilm.
A.achievedB.attainedC.acquiredD.gained
她从影片中学到很多知识。
attain正式用语，指经过艰苦努力才使人达到完美境地。
4.InF1,racingcar___aspeedgreaterthan300kmperhour.
A.assumeB.accomplishC.attainD.assemble
方程式F1,赛车的车速每小时高达300公里。
obtain指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间儿得到所需要的东西。
5.Whowontheprizes___admirationofallaudience.
A.obtainedB.acquiredC.wonD.attained
获胜者得到了全场对他的敬意。
gain指需要做出比obtain更大的努力，往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西。
6.No___withoutpains.
A.obtainsB.gainsC.attainsD.acquires
不劳则无获。
FederalBureauofInvestigation（FBI）
Investigationn.detailedorcarefulexamination
Lastweek,FBIreleasedaninvestigationreportonSteveJobs.
NorthChinalaunchesinvestigationintodeathof1,000pigs.
Themarketinvestigationisindispensabletosalespromotion.
Source:
n.
placefromwhichsth.comes;placewhereariverstarts
Jeffersonbelievedthatafreemanobtainsknowledgefrommanysourcesbesidesbooksandthatpersonalinvestigationisimportant.
ChangjiangRiverhasitssourceinTuotuoRiver.
Television,asasourceofentertainment,isrelativelycheap.
sauce[sɔ:
s]
source[sɔ:
s]
sour[sauə]
sore[sɔ:
，sɔː（r）]
shore[∫ɔ:
∫ɔə]
Accordingtoareport,aJapanesetrainstationhasappointedtwomonkeysastheirstationmaster.
Pattern:
appointsb.as
appointsb.（todo）sth.
appointsb.to（ajob,post,position,etc.）
appointvt.任命,委派;约定
ElaineZhao,whowasappointedasSecretaryofLabor,isthefirstChineseinthecabinetoftheU.S.government.
赵小兰被任命为美国劳工部部长,成为美国政府内阁成员中的第一位华裔.
Let'sappointatimeforthemeeting.
我们定个时间开会吧.
appointmentn.约会,约定;任命,委派
Youshouldkeepanappointmentafteryoumakeit.
约好了就要守约.
1.会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程。
Itwassuggestedatthemeetingthatacommitteeofelevenbeappointedtomakeanewconstitution.
Criminalsareeasilycaughtonthespotwithadvancedtechnology.（2008.06）
Hewasafraidthatbewouldbecaughtonthespot.（2003.09）
on-the-spot
a.attheplaceofaction
2）这些青年科学家通过现场观察，获得了研究工作所需的第一手资料。
Bymakingon-the-spotobservations,theyoungscientistsobtainedfirst-handinformationtheyneededintheirresearchwork.
Goandsee.Jeffersonbelievedthatafreemanobtainsknowledgefrommanysourcesbesidesbooksandthatpersonalinvestigationisimportant.Whenstillayoungman,hewasappointedtoacommitteetofindoutwhethertheSouthBranchoftheJamesRiverwasdeepenoughtobeusedbylargeboats.Whiletheothermembersofthecommitteesatinthestatecapitolandstudiedpapersonthesubject,Jeffersongotintoacanoeandmadeon-the-spotobservations.
noblehumble
humblea.lowinposition;modest
Inthepast,fewnoblepersonsspoketothoseofhumbleoriginsexcepttogiveanorder.
Thisisthemosthumbledayofmylife.（RupertMurdoch）
AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.
Knowledgemakeshumble,ignorancemakesproud.
博学使人谦逊，无知使人骄傲。
Inmyhumbleopinion，weshouldneverhaveboughtthecarinthefirstplace.
Heiseatinghumblepie.
他在忏悔。
Eathumblepie 忍辱含垢，低头谢罪
在中世纪，贵族出外狩猎总喜欢带着仆人和猎手，猎到鹿等野物之后，鹿肉供主人食用，而猎人和仆人只能吃用鹿内脏（umbles）做的馅饼。
吃这种馅饼本身就表明“地位低下”（humble）。
后来由于读音的变化，umble读成了humblepie。
恰巧这一变化又同吃这种馅饼的人身份相符，因此eathumblepie就成了委婉表达“被迫低声下气地赔不是”的委婉语。
Youshouldstandstraight,youneedn'teathumblepie.你应该挺起腰杆，你用不着低三下四。
originn.①起源②出身，血统[同]descent,hentage
Theoriginsofsomewordsareunknown.
Heneverforgothishumbleorigins.
[考]byorigin论出身[同]bybirth
originatevi.（in）起源
vt.①创始②引起
derivevt.取得
vi.起源于[同]evolve
[考]derive（...）from导出；由……来：
Humanbeingsderivedfromthesameancestorsasanimals.
birthn.①出生②血统，出身③起源：
thebirthoftheearth
[考]bybirth按血统，天生地：
SheisFrenchbybirthbutEnglishbymarriage．
givebirthto产生，（喻）孕育
borna.天生的，生来的
gooutofone's way todosomething
A:
Last night, I got homeatnearly oneo'clock
昨天晚上我将近一点才到家。
B:
Howcome?
怎么回事？
A:
I went out of my way to anger my husband.
我故意气一气我丈夫。
B;It's stupid of you to do that
你这么做可真傻。
gooutofone’sway（todosth.）:
takeparticulartroubleormakeaspecialeffort（todosth.）
特意去（做）,故意做某事，想尽各种办法（做）
Hewentoutoftheirwaytohelpus.
他们特地来帮助我们。
Youcanlearnfromeveryone.BybirthandbyeducationJeffersonbelongedtothehighestsocialclass.（Judgingbyhisfamilyandeducationalbackground,Jeffersonwasamemberofthegroupwithtopsocialstatus.）
Yet,inadaywhenfewnoblepersonseverspoketothoseofhumbleoriginsexcepttogiveanorder,Jeffersonwentoutofhiswaytotalkwithgardeners,servants,andwaiters.
（然而，在那个贵族除了发号施令以外很少跟出身卑贱的
升级会员 