专题四 短文改错.docx
《专题四 短文改错.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《专题四 短文改错.docx(7页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
专题四短文改错
216专题四短文改错
一.考纲解读
短文改错题共计10小题。
高考短文改错题以完整篇章的形式出现,所以考生首先建立把握和连贯思索的审题模式。
此题主要考察学生的词、句、篇和语法的综合水平。
错误类型包括词性、句子结构、上下文的逻辑性等,没有单词拼写、标点符号或语序错误,只涉及语法、习惯表达和语义逻辑层面。
主要考察考生运用自己在高中所学的语法知识,发现,判断,纠正文章中错误的能力。
它不仅要求考生掌握一定的词汇、语法知识,还要求考生具有一定的阅读、分析和逻辑推理能力。
它不是单纯的知识检测,而是在改错和书写的过程中,在对篇章的上下文理解中运用所学的语言知识去解决实际的语言问题。
二、命题分析
动词
形容词
名词
介词
代词
连词
冠词
2013
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
2012
3
1
1
2
2
1
0
通过分析近三年高考短文改错我们发现,此题主要考察考生在词法句法惯用法和行文逻辑等方面在语篇中综合运用的能力,因此考点综合性强,覆盖面广,错项设置类型多,是历年高考英语中的难题。
最近几年高考短文改错呈以下两个特点:
1.选材特点
短文改错的文体多为记叙文,有时以书信的形式呈现。
一般在110词左右。
所选取的语言材料贴近实际生活,多为考生所所熟悉甚至是考生所经历过的故事。
文字浅显易懂,材料中没有生僻、超纲的词汇:
句子结构简单,基本上是简单句和并不复杂的复合句;语言地道,符合英语语言习惯。
2.考点设置
短文改错所考察的词类覆盖面广,分布合理.其重点是从词法·句法和行文逻辑三个角度考察学生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力,同时兼顾句型结构·习惯搭配等。
错误设置类型相对稳定,主要集中在以下几个方面:
名词和冠词\动词\形容词和副词\代词\介词\介词、数词、非谓语动词、连词、复合句、逻辑关系。
为了提高做短文改错题的能力,考生除了要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力之外,还应该对其错项设置的基本情况有所分析,以便做到目标明确,有的放失,从而提高解题的正确率。
三.题型探究
第一讲:
句子成分;冠词,名词,代词
不同的句子成分要用不同的词性表达;不同的语境要选择不同的词语。
只有我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。
例1(2011陕西卷)LastSundaymorning,whenIwashavingawalkintheparknearmyhome,Icameacrossacrewmakeanewfilmwithoneof…
(解析)make---making.分析结构可知此处是现在分词短语makinganewfilm作后置定语修饰acrew,所以make改为making.
探究点一冠词
英语中冠词只有三个,a;an;the从高考英语改错题的角度来看,只能从以下几个方向出题;1)不定冠词a和an互改2)不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改3)根据需要增删冠词。
主要考查表示特指和泛指时冠词的使用情况。
1.如季节\月份\星期\球类及三餐活动、称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the,2same常和the一起使用却漏掉了the;
1)WhenIwasboy,Iusedtoreadalot.(改为aboy)
2)ThiswasmyfirstvisittoaEnglishfamily.(改为anEnglishfamily)
3)IstartedwritingdownwordsfrombooksthatIread.(改为thebooks特指我读的书)
4)IhopeyouhavehadpleasantjourneyhomeandwillcometoChina.(改为apleasantjourney)
探究点二名词单复数及主谓一致
名词单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一,改动的依据有:
一是根据名词前的修饰限定成分;二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。
主谓一致关键是要分析句子结构,找出主谓语来。
1)Earningtheirownmoneyallowthemtospendonanythingiftheylike.(allow改为allows,主语是动名词短语Earningtheirownmoney,位于应该用单数)
2)Butoneandahalfyearlater,hecamebackfromabroad.(改为years,oneandahalf意思为一年半,故判断此处year应为复数形式)
3)Iwasoftenalittletiredafteraday’sworkandwatchTVdemandsverylittleeffort.(根据句意分析,and连接两个不同的事情,故watch应改为动名词watching作主语)
探究三代词
代词不仅要与其所指代对象一致,其运用还要符合上下文的语气及逻辑关系。
1)Andeveryyearmoreandmorepeoplestartastampcollectionofyourown.(your改为their,指代对象应一致)
2)Youhavebefriendswithyourpupilsandtakegoodcareofhim.(him改为them,puipls是复数,后应该用替代复数名词的代词。
)
3)Somestudentsmayalsosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.(our改为their,指代对象应一致0
4)Weoftenplayatrickonhimself.(himself改为him,playatrickonsb)
改错大练兵
一.单句改错。
(下列句子各有一处错误,请改正)
1.Thefoodwaswonderfulwithreasonableprices,andweenjoyedseverallocaldish.(2012陕西)
2.Therehadbeenaterribleaccidentonthehighwayand,asaresult,therewasalonglineoftrafficforatleastsixmile.(2012辽宁)
3.FromthetimeIwasaboutfouruntilIwasaboutsix,Idestroyedeachofmytoy.(2012全国新课标)
4.Liketherestofmyclassmates,Ididn’treallywanttogetclosetoher.(2010辽宁)
5.Icameacrossacrewmakinganewfilmwithoneofmyfavouriteactor.(2011陕西)
6.MyfatherandIstayedattheSouthLakeHotelforaweekwhenwevisitedBeininglastmonth…WhatIlikedbestwerethefreehigh-speedInternetconnectionintheroom.(2012陕西)
7.ButtheonlyclothesIhadwasthoseIhadon(2011全国新课标)
8.InearlyJanuarythisyear,therateofUFOreportsweresteady.(2011辽宁)
9.Afteronehour’sdrivingIfinallyarrivedatmyfriend.(2011全国新课标)
10.Iwasplayingatmycousinhousewhenastrangercamein.(2011浙江)
11.MyfatherandIstayedattheSouthLakeHotelforaweekwhenwevisitedBeijinglastmonth…ItissuchgreathotelthatIwouldrecommendittoanyfriendofminewhoisgoingtoBeing(2012陕西)
12.AfterthatIwouldgotoXiamenforlongholiday.(2011全国新课标)
13.MyfriendNicktoldmestoryabouthisexperiencebackintheUS.(2010全国新课标)
14.when,onJanuary16,asciencefictionfilmaboutvisitorsfromouterspacewasshownontelevison,therewastheimmediateinreportsofsightingsfromallpartsoftheStates(2011辽宁)
15.Iwashappywhenthetoysworked,butwhenthingswentwrong,Igotangryandbrokeit(2012全国新课标)
16.Ididn’tthinlshelookedlikeGrandma.”Neitherdidme.”saidMothercheerfully.(2010浙江)
17.Thecommandingofficer,WayneTyler,whowasdirectluresponsibleforthestudyofallsuchreports,decidedtomakehisfindingsknown.Theywroteanarticle(2011辽宁)
18.Ididn’thavemycamerawithmeatthattime,soIrushedbackhometoget.(2011陕西)
19.Shelikedthecupatonce.Thenshebentdownandpickup.(2010陕西)
20.Asshedidthis,lotsofteasplashedonhisT-shirt!
(2010陕西)
二.短文改错
(一)
ThereareseveralwaysimproveourEnglishwritingskills,such
askeepingadiary,learninganygoodwritingsbyheart,doingalot
ofreading,etc,amongthatIpreferkeepingadiary.Comparingwith
otherformsofwriting,keepingadiaryiseasyandtakelesstime.In
addition,itcanhelpusformahabitofthinkinginEnglish.Ifwecan
keepthispractice,wewillgraduallylearnhowtoexpressusinEnglish.
What’smore,keepingadiarycanbeastalkingwithoneofyourclose
friends,sharingyourhappinessorsadness.Inasimpleword,keeping
adiarywasagoodwayofimprovingyourwrittenEnglish.
二
IstillrememberhownervouslyIwasonmyfirstdayinthenewschoolthreeyearsago,whenIfounddifficulttofollowmyteacherinthefirstEnglishclass.TheteacherspokeEnglishthroughouttheclass,thatwastotallydifferentfromlessonsIhadtakenbefore.
Inthemorningclassthenextday,theEnglishteachercametomewhileIamreadingthetextaloudasotherstudents.Afterlistentomeforawhile,shegavemeabigsmileandsaidhelikedmyvoiceverymuch.Thesmileshoneonthewholedayandthefollowingdays.Aweeklater,IwasvolunteeredtotakechargeofEnglishstudyinmyclass.Thanktothecomfortingsmileinmyfirstmorningclass,Ibegantoconfident.
第二讲:
句子成分:
动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词
探究点一动词
动词:
1.时态和语态2.及物动词后无宾语3.不及物动词后加了宾语4.需要接ing形式的接了动词原形或者不定式。
1.动词时态
每年都有时态错误的小题,而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。
时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。
1)Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.Allsaidthestorywas…(reads改为read,and连接并列谓语)
2)Iwillwriteagainandsendyouthephotoswetaketogether.(take改为took,把照片寄给你,应该时已经拍好的,用过去时)
2.非谓语动词的误用:
主要体现在v-ing分词,v-ed分词与不定式的用法区别,关注非谓语动词的时态和语态。
(2011陕西卷)Iwasreallydisppointedandabouttoleavewhenhewalkedout…
解析disppointing---disppointed此处表示“我非常失望”,用来表达人的主观意识应该使用disppointed.
探究点二形容词、副词
1.常在需要形容词的地方用了副词或相反;2.关系副词where,when,why等的缺失或借用。
(2011浙江卷)Whenshedroppedmeoff,Ipulledoutthetoyslowandgaveitback.(解析slow–slowly此处是修饰动词短语pulledout应用副词)
探究点三数词
主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用,如1.分数的分子大于一时分母没有用复数等2.基数词的复数形式如几百hundredsof,几千thousandsof漏掉了s3.或是当其前有具体数字或several时加了复数,如sevenhundred写作sevenhundreds.
探究点四介词:
主要是介词的多余或缺失,错用。
改错大练兵
一.单句改错
1.Twoyearsago,ItraveledtoBrailandIrentedforacar(2012浙江)
2.Iwouldneverbeabletoenjoyplayingwiththetoyorfacedmycousinagain.(2011浙江)
3.Iguessed,evenatthatage,Iwouldneverbeabletoenjoytoplayingwiththejoy.(2011浙江)
4.4.Mypunishmentlastedayear.Meanwhile,IfoundoutthatwithmorepatienceImustmakemytoyslast.(2012全国新课标)
5.MyfatherandIstayedattheSouthLakeforaweekwhenwevisitBeingjinglastmonth.(2012陕西)
6.IfeelveryhappythatIcouldchangemyclothesatlast(2011全国新课标)】
7.Unfortunately,bythetimeIgotback,theyhavefinishedthescene(2011陕西)
8.Icheckedmye-mailmessageeveryday.IalsosharedwithmyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeingjing.(2012陕西)
9.IwasattheShanghaiRailwayStation,buyaTickettoHangzhou.(2011全国新课标)
10.InoticedMotherlookingatanearbytableoccupybyanedlerlywomanandyoungcouple(2010浙江)
11.Twoyearsago,ItravelledtoBrailandhadanaccident.TeywouldbeworriedaboutmebecauseIwassofartheraway,andthatmymotherwouldnotsleepifsheknew.(2102浙江)
12.Sincehisfamilywasrichthanmine,hehadmoretoysthanIdid.(2011浙江)
13.Shewas,infact,ratherthanattractively.(2010辽宁)
14.Unfortunately,theonlyproblemwasthejourneyhome.(2012辽宁)
15.Twoyearsbefore,ItraveledtoBrazilandIrentedacar.(2012浙江)
16.Theyatesilently,anditwasclearlythatthingswerenotgoingwell.(2010浙江)
17.Therehadbeenaterribleaccidentonthehighwayand,foraresult,therewasalonglineoftrafficforatleastsixmiles(2012辽宁)
18.Hewroteanarticle,whichsaidthatallUFOreportscouldbeexplainedforquitenaturallybyaircraftmovements.(2011辽宁)
19.Chritinewasjustagirlinmyclass.Ineverknewmuchaboutheexceptforthatshewasstrange.(2010辽宁)
20.Iwasreallydisappointedandabouttoleavewhenhewalkedoutabuilding(2011陕西)
二.小试身手
DearJessie
Hownicetohearofyouagain.Youwanttoknowwhatisgoingoninourschool.Onshort,thingshavebeenimprovingaftertheschoolbegantocarryoutexploringstudy.Inthepast,theteacherskeeponexplainingthepoints.Wejustlistenedandtooknote.Butnowwediscussandsolvetheproblemswasraisedbyteachersorbyus.Afterclass,weenjoyallkindsofactivityinsteadofdoingendlesshomework.Forexample,wecanreadthatweareinterestedinandgotothelibraryorsurflnternetforinformation.
1.hearof→from2.Onshort→In3.after→since4.keep→kept
5.note→notes6.wasraised→去掉was7.byus→ourselves
8.activity→activities9.that→what10.surf后加the