悬念用法.docx

悬念用法.docx

《悬念用法.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《悬念用法.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

悬念用法

Suspenseisafeelingofuncertaintyandanxietyabouttheoutcomeofcertainactions,mostoftenreferringtoanaudience'sperceptionsinadramaticwork.Suspenseisnotexclusivetofiction,though.Suspensemayoperateinanysituationwherethereisaleaduptoabigeventordramaticmoment,withtensionbeingaprimaryemotionfeltaspartofthesituation.Anaudienceexpectssomethingbadtohappen（becausetheyhave（orbelievetheyhave）asuperiorperspectiveoneventsinthedrama'shierarchyofknowledge）,yettheyarepowerlesstointervenetopreventitfromhappening.Intermsofnarrativeexpectations,itmaybecontrastedwithmysteryandsurprise.

[Abstract]Suspenseisanimportantelementofwriting.Itsspecialfeature,astheEnglishdramatist,WilliamArchillsaid,“topredictaveryattractivestateofaffairswithouttellingitout.”Onsuspense’sforming,theEnglishcritic,DavidLodgehasincisiverecapitulation,”Tosetforthaquestionandpostponetheanswer.”Tobeexactly,thatis,tostressamain,unusualsituation.Andthereisenoughtimeandspaceleftforreaderstoimagine.

DaphneduMaurierbringsskillofsuspenseintofullplayinhermostfamousnovelRebecca.Init;shesetsforthaseriesofsuspense,includingbothfull-textsuspenseandpartialsuspense.Moreover,smallersuspensehavemutualrelationsinoramongeachlevel.Thiskindofarrangementnotonlybecausethemotiveforcewhichhelpstheplotsdevelopbutalsodrawreaderstoreadandguesswhatisinthenextstep.

ThisarticleexpoundsthespecialskillusingaseriesofsuspenseinRebeccaanditsartisticeffects.Andthen，thenovel’sdesign..

[KeyWords]Rebecca;suspense;Manderley;implications.

【摘要】悬念是一种独特的文学结构形式,其重要特征,用英国戏剧理论家威廉·阿契尔的话说,就是“预示出一种十分吸引人的事态,却不把它预叙出来.”对于悬念的形成,英国当代小说批评家戴维·洛奇曾作过精辟的概括,即“提出问题，延缓提供答案”.具体而言,就是突出不同寻常的情境并延缓批露底细,使其呈明显的悬而未决的状态.

达夫妮·杜穆里埃在《蝴蝶梦》（原名《吕蓓卡》）中充分发挥悬念这一独特的文学结构形式的优势,设置了一系列悬念,这些悬念不仅成为推动故事情节发展的内在动力,而且极大地刺激读者的阅读兴趣,给读者带来了独特的审美感觉.本文从结构上探讨作品别具匠心的悬念艺术,以助于更好的欣赏作品中的悬念。

此外，从创作手法的角度剖析了文中一系列悬念手法产生的非同一般的艺术效果，指出这种手法在全文篇章结构中的重要作用。

【关键词】《吕蓓卡》;悬念；曼陀丽；暗示

1.Introduction

TheEnglishfemalewriter,DaphneduMarriehadbeenamemberoftheRoyalSocietyofLiterature.Shehadwritten17novelsandtriedmorethan20kindsofstylesinliteratureswriting,DaphnelivedinCornwall,acountryontheAtlanticcoast,NorthEngland,foralongtime.Mostofherworkssetbackgroundinthelocalconditionsandcustoms.Asaresult,“CornwallNovel”isgivenasanameforherworks.

BeingdeeplyinfluencedbyGothicNovel,whichisfamousforitsmystery,curiousnessandterror,Daphnewroteherworkswithplotsfulloftwistsandturning.

AnyonewhohasreadRebecca,themostfamousnovelwrittenbyDaphne,willneverforgetthosedismalandconstrainedscenesandhorribleimaginations.However,thespecificfeatureofthisnovelisitsusinglotsofsuspensecarriedthroughthewholestory.Thishasmadeitsplotsintricatebutwell-knitandsoulstirring.

Addtothis,AlfredHitchcockfilmedRebeccain20thcentury,consideredasoneofthewell-knownsuspensefilms.

Suspenseisanimportantskillofwriting.Itisalsoansingulardesignofliteraturewriting.Itsspecialfeature,astheEnglishdramatist,WilliamArchillsaid,“…topredictaveryattractivestateofaffairswithouttellingitout.”[6]

Usually,itsetsforthaquestionandpostponestheanswer.Tobemoreexactly,thatis,tostressamain,unusualsituation.Andthereisenoughtimeandspaceleft.Thereasonofcausingthesituationdoesn’tappearatonce.

Inthisnovel,Rebecca,thereare3levelsofsuspense.

Intheopeningsentencesofthebook,Manderleyisnoticed.Thelinesofdescribingtheheroine’sdreamarefullofmisgivingsandmystic.

“AsIstoodthere,hushedandstill,Icouldswearthatthehousewasnotanemptyshellbutlivedandbreathedasithadlivedbefore.”[4]（P7）

“Acloud,hithertounseen,cameuponthemoon,andhoveredaninstantlikeadarkhandbeforeaface.”[4]（P7）

“Thehousewasasepulcher,ourfearandsufferinglayburiedintheruins.Therewouldbenoresurrection.WhenIthoughtofManderleyinmywakinghours.Iwouldnotbebitter.”[4]（P7）

Then“I”cometotherealityfromdream.“I”amthinkingaboutManderleyandallhappenedinitthatcannothurt.Thesewordshaveputforwardthefirstsuspense,thatis,whatastoryhappenedinsucharuined,barrengarden?

Whois“I”?

Itcatchesreaders’eyesatonce.Therefore,theyarehastenedtogofurtherintothestory,intothestoryaboutmylifeexperienceinManderley.

2.Thefirstlevelofsuspense:

Rebeccaisagoodwifewithbrains,beauty,andbreeding?

!

2.1Phoney

Thisisthemainsuspense,whichgoesthroughthewholestory.Inthestory,theheroineandreadersarementionedtimetotimethatRebeccaisagoodwifewhoisbelovedbyMaxim.

“Mrs.VanHoppersaid’,Helooksill,doesn’the?

Theysayhecan’tgetoverhiswife’sdeath…”[4]（P15）

“…TheManderleypartieswerefamouswhenshewasalive,…”[2]（P64）

“Thebishop’swifesaid,‘…（Rebecca）shewasaverylovelycreature,sofulloflife.’

‘Shewascertainlyverygifted.Icanseehernow,standingatthefootofthestairsonthenightoftheball,shakinghandswithevery-body,thatcloudofdarkhairagainsttheverywhiteskin,andhercostumesuitedhertoo,Yes,shewasverybeautiful

AndinMrs.Danverseyes,MaximcouldnotlivewithoutRebecca.Afterherdeath,hecan’tgotosleep;hemovesawayfromthebedroomandtravelsoutforalongtimeinordertogetoverit.

EvenforMaxim’sgrandmother,Rebeccahasmadeagreatfussofher.TheoldladyhasneverforgottenherandasksforRebeccaallthetime.

AlltheseseemsthatRebeccaisakind,generous,elegantwoman,aperfectwife.Peoplearoundthetownknowherwellandallpraiseherevenwhensheisdead.Rebeccahasagiftofsmartness;shemastersherpower,financesandresourcestorunManderleyintothemostfamousshowplaceinallthecountry.“Sheisdamnablyclever.Noonewouldguessmeetingherthatshewasnotthekindest;mostgenerous,mostgenerous,mostgiftedpersonintheworld.Sheknewexactlywhattosaytodifferentpeople,howtomatchhermoodtotheirs.Hadshemetyou,shewouldhavewalkedoffintothegardenwithyou,arminarm,callingtoJasper,chattingaboutflowers,music,painting,whateversheknewtobeyourparticularhobby.Andyouwouldhavebeentakenin,liketherest.Youwouldhavesatatherfeetandworshippedher.”[4]（P283-P284）ThisisMaxim’sdescriptionofhiswife,Rebecca.

2.2Truth

AndRebeccadoessucceed,orwewouldrathersay,Daphnedoessucceed.Daphneusedpeople’sactionsandwordstosetupsuspense.Infact,Rebeccaisjustcompletelyopposedtheimpressionbeingfelt.ThingsarethatRebeccaisadebauchee.“Shewasvicious,damnable,rottenthroughandthrough.”[4]（P283）SheknowsMaxim’sdisadvantageandhasmadegooduseofit.SheknowsthatMaximwillneverstandinadivorcecourtandgiveheraway,havefingerspointingat,mugflung…

Rebeccawouldcursepeople,usingeveryfilthywordinherparticularvocabulary.Rebeccadoeswhatshelikes,shelives,asshelikes.Shesticksabigbruteofhorse,slashingathim,drawingblood,anddiggingthespursintothehorse.ShesitsonthehillsaboveMonteCarlo,laughing,andtearflowersintofragments.Sheislikethedevil.Sheseducesallkindsofman,evenhishusband’sbrotherin-law.Evenwhenshehasgotacancer,sheinveiglesherhusbandintoamurderer!

2.3Hints

Thoughwehaven’tknownthetruthtillChapter21,thewriterhassethints.Whenwefinishreadingwewillbecomeawareofitandlookbackthewholestory.

2.3.1Maxim’sattitude

Yes,firstly,wefindthatMaximdoesn’twelcometopicseitheraboutManderleyorhisdeadwifewhenhefirstappearsinMonteCarlo.WhenMrs.VanHopperpraisesManderleyasafairyland,“…（Maxim）hewentonsmokinghiscigarette,andInoticedfaintasgossamer,thelinebetweenhisbrows.[4]（P19）‘Hissilencenowwaspainful.Hisownwordsmusthavejoltedamemoryforhisfacecloudedagainandhefrownedveryslightly.”[4]（P20）Allthisindicatesthathehassomethingunhappyhappenedinhishome,Manderley,theremustbesomebittermemory.

Onhiswife,Rebecca,Maximsaysasbelow:

“Allmemoriesarebitter,andIprefertoignorethem.Somethinghappenedayearagothatalteredmywholelife,andIwanttoforgeteveryphaseinmyexistenceupthattime.Thosedaysarefinished.Theyareblottedout.Imustbeginlivingalloveragain.”[4]（P43）

“Iwastheresomeyearsago,withmywife.Youaskedmeifitwasstillthesame,ifithadchangedatall.Itwasjustthesame,butIwasthankfultorealizeoddlyimpersonal.Therewasnoquestionoftheothertime.SheandIhadleftnorecord.”[4]（P43）

SuchsentencesshowMaxim’sunhappylifewithhisfirstwife—Rebecca.

2.3.2Others’oddmanner

Secondly,Frank’soddmannerwhen“I”talkaboutRebecca;andBeatrice’sratherdifferentnegativeattitude.Thesilenceisasilencebornofshameandembarrassment.Franksays,“…Wenoneofuswanttobringbackthepast.Maximleastofall.Andit’suptoyou,youknow,toleadusawayfromit.Nottotakeusbackagain.”[4]（P141）

Readersmayalittlehesitatewhentheycametothis.WhydoesFranksayso?

Well,isn’tthepastgoodenoughforthem?

Afterall,theirhostessisalmostperfect.Therefore,thecuriositydrivesusgoonreading.Thereseemsamist.Wehaveaneggertolookthroughittothecore.ThatiswhatsuspenseskillusedperfectlybyDaphne.Shegivesusadream,andallofusgetdrowninit.Thegreatwriterhandlesourinquisitivenessskillfully.

2.3.3Rebecca’shandwriting

Rebecca’shandwritinghasgivenusalotofimplications.Itgivesusaninklingth