CrossCultural Communication in ForeignFunded Enterprise外资企业的跨文化交际.docx

CrossCultural Communication in ForeignFunded Enterprise外资企业的跨文化交际.docx

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CrossCulturalCommunicationinForeignFundedEnterprise外资企业的跨文化交际

Cross-CulturalCommunicationinForeign-FundedEnterprise

ABSTRACT

Withthepickingupoftheglobalizationandthedevelopmentofoureconomicconstruction,therehasbeenanupsurgeintheinternationalizationofenterpriseoperation.Concernedstatisticdatamakesclearthatmillionsofforeign-fundedenterprisesestablishbranchesorsubsidiariesinChinaafterthe30yearsofreformandopening-up.TherearehundredsofthousandsofChineseemployedbytheforeign-fundedenterprises.Theculture,modeofthinking,valueandbehaviorwhichisdifferentfromChineseoneswillcometogetherwiththeforeigncapital,moderntechnologyandadvancedmanagement.ThesefactorsdefinitelywillhaveacommunicationwithtraditionalChineseculture,modeofthinkingandbehavior,andthuscausecollisionandconflictintheintercourse.Howtodealwiththisconflictcausingbycross-culturalcommunicationwillbetheleadingfactorswhichdeterminethesuccessorfailureoftheforeign-fundedenterprisesinChina.Onthebasisofthecurrentconflictofcross-culturalcommunicationfacedbytheforeign-fundedenterprises,thecauseoftheseconflictsandthewaystodealwiththeseproblemswillbemainlydiscussedinthispaper.

Keywords:

ConflictCross-culturalCommunicationForeign-fundedEnterprise

外资企业的跨文化交际

摘要

随着经济全球化进程的加快和我国经济建设的进一步发展，企业经营国际化已经成为势不可挡的热潮。

有关统计数据表明，改革开放30年，在我国成立子公司或者分支机构的外资企业已有数百万家，受雇于这些企业的中国员工达几百万。

随着外国资金、先进的科学技术以及管理方式的引入，而随之引入的肯定是不同的文化、思维方式、价值观、以及行为方式。

这些因素必将与古老的中国文化、思维方式以及行为方式发生交流。

在这个交流过程当中，势必会产生各种矛盾以及冲突。

怎么样去解决这种跨文化交际中引起的冲突，将会成为决定外资企业在华成败的主导因素。

基于外企目前在跨文化交际过程当中遇到的种种冲突，分析产生这些冲突的原因并寻求解决这些冲突的方法是本文讨论的主线。

关键词：

矛盾跨文化交际外资企业

CONTENTS

Abstract………………………………………………………..........Ⅰ

摘要……………………………………………………………………...Ⅱ

1.Introduction………………………………………………………………..1

2.TheProblemofCross-CulturalCommunication………………………….3

2.1.DifferentValue………………………………………………………….....3

2.1.1.Individualismvs.Collectivism………………………….………...3

2.1.2.Centralizationvs.Decentralization………………………………..4

2.1.3.Long-termOrientationvs.Short-termOrientation…………….....6

2.1.4.Ascription-Orientedvs.Achievement-Oriented……………….......7

2.2.DifferentModeofThinking……………………………………..……..…..8

2.3.DifferentRuleandRegulation……………………………………...….…..9

2.4.DifferentBehaviorWay……………………………………………………9

2.4.1.VerbalCommunication…………………………….…………….10

2.4.2.Non-VerbalCommunication………………………………….….11

3.TheInfluenceofCross-CulturalCommunicationConflict……………...13

3.1.TheInfluenceonCooperativeStrategies………………………………....13

3.2.TheInfluenceonHRManagementoftheEnterprise…………………….13

3.3.TheInfluenceonProducingandOrganizing…………………………......14

3.4.TheInfluenceonEnterpriseCulture……………………………………...14

4.TheMethodofDealingwithCross-CulturalCommunicationConflict………………………………………………………………….….15

4.1.ViewingtheCulturalDifferencesinaProperWay…………………........15

4.2.Cross-CulturalCultivation……………………………………………......15

4.3.AbsorbingtheElitePartofChineseTraditionalCulture………………....16

4.4.IntegratingDifferentCultures………………………………………..…...16

4.5.ManagementLocalization…………………………………………….......16

4.6.EstablishingtheRelevantCurriculumonCross-CulturalCommunicationinCollege…………………………………………………………………….……..17

5.Conclusion………………………………………………………….…...18

Reference…………………………………………………....................19

Acknowledgement………………………………………………….......20

1.Introduction

Theintegrationoftheworldeconomyisthemainstreamoftheworldeconomydevelopment,whichresultsintheproductionacrosstheboundaryofthenation.Workingincooperationwithaduedivisionoflaborhasbeendevelopedfrominter-companyandinternal-cooperationtointernationalcooperation.InternationalizationofEnterpriseoperationisthewayusedbydevelopedcountriestotakeadvantageoftheinternationalresourcetostrengthentheireconomicpower.Cross-culturalcommunicationwillbemoreandmoreimportantintheprocessoftheenterpriseinternationalization.Peter.Brookewhoisspecialinmanagementsaidthatforeign-fundedenterpriseisthemulti-culturalorganization,thecriticalpointsoftheirmanagementishowtocombinedifferentculturesbetter.Astheforeign-fundedenterprise’snationalcultureandwaysofmanagementaredifferentfromthecountrytheyinvestedin,itmustcausetheconflictbetweenthelocalemployeeandtheinvestor.Itwillbecomeabigbarriertothedevelopmentoftheenterprise.ManagementspecialistDavid.A.Leekssaidthatthereasonwhytheforeign-fundedenterprisewillfailisthattheyignoretheconflictcausedbycross-culturalcommunication.

Thereformandopening-uppolicyofChinaappealstoalotofinvestmentfromabroadsothatthequantityofforeign-fundedenterprisesincreaserapidly.Astheforeign-fundedenterprisesbringalotcapital,moderntechnologyandnewmanagementmode,theyhavebecomeanimportantpartofChineseeconomy,andplayanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofChineseeconomy.However,thesuccessofforeign-fundedenterpriseinChinaisnoteasy,becausetheyneedtoovercomealotofconflictsincross-culturalcommunicationcausedbytheculturedifference.TheformermanagerofShanghaiVolkswagensaidthatiftheforeign-fundedenterpriseswanttosucceedinChina,theymustaccomplishtwogoals:

first:

technicallocalization.Second:

managinglocalization.Thesecondgoal,managinglocalization,mainlyreferstohowtodealwiththeconflictofcross-culturalcommunicationandestablishtheenterpriseculturewhichcanfitformulti-cultureenvironmentinforeign-fundedenterprises.

Ifwewanttodealwiththeseproblems,wefirstlyneedtoknowthedefinitionofculture,howthecultureinfluencesthecommunication,andwhatiscross-culturalcommunication,andtheelementofcross-culturalcommunicationandwhatkindofcross-culturecommunicationproblemwillbefacedbyforeign-fundedenterprise.

Wedefinecultureasthedepositofknowledge,experience,beliefs,values,attitudes,meanings,hierarchies,religion,timing,roles,spatialrelationships,conceptsoftheuniverse,andmaterialobjectsacquiredbyagroupofpeopleinthecourseofgenerationsthroughindividualandgroupstriving.Therearesevencharacteristicsofculturethatmostdirectlyaffectcommunication:

1>Learned,2>Transmittedfromgenerationtogeneration,3>Basedonsymbols,4>Dynamic,5>Integrated,6>Ethnocentric,7>Adaptive.

Cross-culturalcommunicationiscommunicationbetweenpeoplewhoseculturalperceptionsandsymbolsystemsaredistinctenoughtoalterthecommunicationevent.Cross-culturalcommunicationismadeupoffourelements:

Thefirstelementofcross-culturecommunicationisperception,“theprocessbywhichanindividualselects,evaluates,andorganizestimulifromtheexternalworld.”Culturalperceptionsarebasedonbeliefs,values,andattitudesystems.

Anothercross-culturecommunicationelementisverbalprocess:

howwetalktoeachotherandthink.

Thethirdelementisnonverbalprocess,involvinguseofactionstocommunicate.Theimplicationsoftheseactionsaredifferentfromculturetoculture.

Thefourthelementisthatthecontextofthecommunicationeventisinfluencedbyculture.

Therearemainlyfourdifferencescausingtheconflictofcross-culturalcommunicationintheforeign-fundedenterprises:

1.Differentvaluebetweendifferentcultures.

2.Differentmodesofthinkingbetweendifferentcultures.

3.Differentrulesandregulationsbetweendifferentcultures.

4.Differentbehaviorwaysbetweendifferentcultures.

Howtodealwithabovefourproblemswillbethecriticalfactorsforforeign-fundedenterpriseswhichwanttosucceedinChina.

2.TheProblemofCross-CulturalCommunication

2.1.DifferentValue

Valuewilllimitthepeople’sbehaviorincommunication.Thevaluecanbeacceptedbyoneculturemaybecomeunacceptableinanotherculture.Astheoriginofeasterncultureandwesternculturedifference,historybackgrounddifference,andthedevelopmentprocessdifferenceleadtoimmensedifferencebetweeneasternandwesternvalue.Therearemainlyfourtypesofvalueconflictwillbefacedbytheforeign-fundedenterpriseintheprocessofcross-culturalcommunication:

1．IndividualismversusCollectivism.

2．CentralizationversusDecentralization.

3．Long-termorientationversusShort-termorientation.

4．Ascription-orientedversusAchievement-oriented.

2.1.1.Individualismvs.Collectivism

BasedonGeertHofstede’sindividualismandcollectivismculturedimension,ifsomepeopleprefer“individualism”,itmeansthattheywillemphasizeindividualbenefits,personalfreedom,rights,competitionandindependencewhendealingwiththeinterpersonalrelationship.However,forthepeoplewhoprefer“collectivism”,theywillpaymoreattentiononhowtocooperatewitheachotherandhowtocreatemorebenefitforthecollectivity,andtheconceptionof“I”iscloselyconnectedwithfamilyandfriends.UnderthestudyingofGeertHofsterdeon53countriesandareas,wefoundthatsomewesterncountriesaretypical“Individualism”,Americaranksthefist.AndsomeAsiacountriessuchasChina,Japaninclineto“Collectivism”.

The“Individualism”countrieswillemphasizepersonalstruggle,howmuchsalaryyoucangetandwhat’syourpositioninthecompanyaretotallydecidedbyyourpersonalabilityandyourperformance.However,the“Collectivism”countrieswillemphasizecooperationwitheachother.Theythinkthatpersonalperformancecannotbeseparatedfromcollectivityandobsessionofhierarchyandworkingexperiencewillbeseenastheimportantfactors.It’sthebigcommunicationbarriertothewesterncountryenterprisewhentheyestablishthebranchorsubsidiary