第五课 助动词 should 和 must.docx
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第五课助动词should和must
第五课 助动词should和must
一.本课要点及示例
在这一课里,我们要学习的是助动词should,s-h-o-u-l-d,should跟must,m-u-s-t,must的用法.我们也要看看这两个助动词的否定式shouldnot也就是shouldn't和mustnot也就是mustn't在意思上跟don'thaveto这个词组有什么分别.
首先我还是请两位英文老师给你念一段对话,请你注意听英文老师的发音和声调.
F:
Peter,canyouhelpmeforaminute?
M:
Yes,whatdoyouwantmetodo?
F:
Willyoutakethegarbageout?
M:
DoIhavetodoitnow?
F:
Well,youdon'thavetoitnow.Butdon'tforgettodoittoday.
M:
Allright.Ireallymustgonow;otherwiseI'llbelateforschool.
F:
Youhaveanexamthismorning,don'tyou?
Youmustn'tbelate.Maybeyoushouldaskyourfatherforaride.
好,现在我们再把刚才那段对话用慢速度念一遍,请你注意听:
F:
Peter,canyouhelpmeforaminute?
M:
Yes,whatdoyouwantmetodo?
F:
Willyoutakethegarbageout?
M:
DoIhavetodoitnow?
F:
Well,youdon'thaveto.Butdon'tforgettodoittoday.
M:
Allright.Ireallymustgonow;otherwiseI'llbelateforschool.
F:
Youhaveanexamthismorning,don'tyou?
Youmustn'tbelate.Maybeyoushouldaskyourfatherforaride.
在彼得跟他母亲的这段对话里,有几个句子用了我们今天要学的助动词should,must跟它们的否定式shouldn't,mustn't还有haveto跟don'thaveto这两个词组,现在我请老师把包含了这些词的句子用慢速度再念一遍给你听:
M:
DoIhavetodoitnow?
F:
Youdon'thaveto.
M:
Ireallymustgonow.
F:
Youmustn'tbelate.Maybeyoushouldaskyourfatherforaride.
二.SHOULD
好了,现在该作练习了.首先我们来学怎么用should.这个字是用来劝告别人应该做些什么事.比方有一句话:
"天冷了,你应该穿毛衣,"这句话,你可以这样说:
It'scold.Youshouldwearasweater.
好,现在我们给你多举一些例子.每个句子我们念两遍,请你听一遍,跟着重复一遍.
M:
It'scold.Youshouldwearasweater.
F:
It'scold.Youshouldwearasweater.
M:
Peterislate.Heshouldaskhisfatherforaride.
F:
Peterislate.Heshouldaskhisfatherforaride.
M:
Henryisheavy.Heshouldgetinshapeagain.
F:
Henryisheavy.Heshouldgetinshapeagain.
M:
Kateishungry.Sheshouldeatsomething.
F:
Kateishungry.Sheshouldeatsomething.
M:
Yourroomismessy.Youshouldcleanitup.
F:
Yourroomismessy.Youshouldcleanitup.
好,现在我们换一个方式作练习,先由老师说一句话,比方:
"下雨了!
"It'sraining.接着老师给你一个词组:
"带雨伞"carryanumbrella请你用should这个字来完成句子,所以答案就是:
"下雨了,你应该带雨伞".It'sraining.Youshouldcarryanumbrella.好,现在我们开始练习.在你作完句子之后,请注意听正确的答案.
M:
Peterisagoodplayer.
M:
jointheteam
F:
peterisagoodplayer.Heshouldjointheteam.
M:
Henryistired.
M:
takearest
F:
Henryistired.Heshouldtakearest.
M:
Kateisthirsty.
M:
haveaglassofwater.
F:
Kateisthirsty.Sheshouldhaveaglassofwater.
M:
Yourshirtisdirty.
M:
changeintoacleanone
F:
Yourshirtisdirty.Youshouldchangeintoacleanone.
M:
It'sraining.
M:
carryanumbrella
F:
It'sraining.Youshouldcarryanumbrella.
刚才那组练习你都作对了吗?
下面我们来练习should的否定式shouldnot.这两个字可以简缩为shouldn't,意思就是劝人不要做什么事.我们作的是换字练习.老师先念一句话,接着老师给你一个新的词组,请你把新的词组代换到原来的句子里.每作完一句,就请你听正确答案.
M:
Youshouldn'tspendsomuchmoney.
M:
drinksomuchcoffee
F:
Youshouldn'tdrinksomuchcoffee.
M:
buysomanyrecords
F:
Youshouldn'tbuysomanyrecords.
M:
gotosomanymovies
F:
Youshouldn'tgotosomanymovies.
M:
drivesofast
F:
Youshouldn'tdrivesofast.
三.MUST
下面我们来学另外一个助动词must.这个字表示必须作某件事情,没有其他选择.比方有一句话:
"亨利要上飞机了,他非有飞机票不可",这句话英文可以这么说:
Henryisgoingonanairplane.Hemusthaveaticket.
现在我们给你多举一些例子.每个句子我们还是念两遍,还是请你听一遍,重复一遍.
M:
Henryisgoingonanairplane.Hemusthaveaticket.
F:
Henryisgoingonanairplane.Hemusthaveaticket.
M:
Kateisgoingtoaformalparty.Shemustwearadress.
F:
Kateisgoingtoaformalparty.Shemustwearadress.
M:
Lindaisgoingtobuyarecord.Shemustsavesomemoney.
F:
Lindaisgoingtobuyarecord.Shemustsavesomemoney.
M:
Maryhasanexamtomorrow.Shemuststudyhard.
F:
Maryhasanexamtomorrow.Shemuststudyhard.
M:
Peterhasaclassat7o'clock.Hemustgetupearly.
F:
Peterhasaclassat7o'clock.Hemustgetupearly.
M:
Susandoesn'thaveacar.Shemustgotoherjobbytrain.
F:
Susandoesn'thaveacar.Shemustgotoherjobbytrain.
must的否定式是mustnot,也可以简缩为mustn't.这个词是用来表示一定不应该作的事.下面这组练习内容都是说彼得在上课的时候不应该作的一些事.由老师先念一个句子:
petermustn'tsleepinclass.接着老师念一个新词组:
eatlunch.请你用新词组把原来的句子改为:
Petermustn'teatlunchinclass.好,现在我们开始作换字练习.每作完一句就请你听正确答案.
M:
Petermustn'tsleepinclass.
M:
eatlunch
F:
Petermustn'teatlunchinclass.
M:
talk
F:
Petermustn'ttalkinclass.
M:
smoke
F:
Petermustn'tsmokeinclass.
M:
writeletters
F:
Petermustn'twritelettersinclass.
M:
lookoutofwindow
F:
Petermustn'tlookoutofwindowinclass.
M:
listentotheradio
F:
Petermustn'tlistentotheradioinclass.
四.HAVETO
刚才我们学习了两个助动词should和must,还有它们的否定式shouldn't和mustn't,现在我们来学习另外一个意思跟must相同的词组haveto.这个词组也是用来表示非作某件事不可.比方有一句话:
"你非得清理院子吗?
"英文可以这样说:
Doyouhavetocleantheyard?
另外一句话:
"你非得工作挣零用钱吗?
"英文可以这样说:
Doyouhavetoworktoearnyourallowance?
好,现在我们来练习这类句子.由老师念一个句子,然后老师给你一个新词组,请你用这个新词组作换字练习.作完一句就听正确答案.
M:
Doyouhavetocleantheyard?
M:
practiceeveryday
F:
Doyouhavetopracticeeveryday?
M:
gotothesupermarket
F:
Doyouhavetogotothesupermarket?
M:
washthedishes
F:
Doyouhavetowashthedishes?
M:
changeyourclothes
F:
Doyouhavetochangeyourclothes?
M:
worktoearnyourallowance
F:
Doyouhavetoworktoearnyourallowance?
凡是陈述句的主词是第三人称"他"的时候,就应该用hasto.下面我们要练习这类句子.老师先用does,d-o-e-s,does开头作问句,请你用hasto来回答问题.作完一句还是请你听正确答案.
M:
DoeshehavetogotoNewYork?
F:
Yes,hehastogotoNewYork.
M:
Doeshehavetocleanuphisroom?
F:
Yes,hehastocleanuphisroom.
M:
Doesshehavetotakethebus?
F:
Yes,shehastotakethebus.
M:
Doesshehavetodropthiscourse?
F:
Yes,shehastodropthiscourse.
haveto的否定式don'thaveto跟hasto的否定式doesn'thaveto都可以用来表示不一定非得作某件事,而有其他选择.在下面一组练习里,我们要多学学这类句子.每个句子我们还是念两遍,还是请你听一遍,重复一
遍:
M:
Idon'thavetobuyrecords.Icanlistentotheradio.
F:
Idon'thavetobuyrecords.Icanlistentotheradio.
M:
Youdon'thavetogotothemovies.Youcanstayhomeandwatchtelevision.
F:
Youdon'thavetogotothemovies.Youcanstayhomeandwatchtelevision.
M:
Wedon'thavetotakethetrain.Wecantakethebus.
F:
Wedon'thavetotakethetrain.Wecantakethebus.
M:
Theydon'thavetodrinkcoffee.Theycandrinktea.
F:
Theydon'thavetodrinkcoffee.Theycandrinktea.
M:
Hedoesn'thavetowearawhiteshirt.Hecanwearablueone.
F:
Hedoesn'thavetowearawhiteshirt.Hecanwearablueone.
M:
Shedoesn'thavetocook.Shecangoouttoeat.
F:
Shedoesn'thavetocook.Shecangoouttoeat.
五.听短文回答问题
首先还是请你听一段文章,内容是说彼得跟琳达兄妹两个人应该帮着作些什么家事才能每星期拿零用钱.
现在请你注意听:
EveryweekPeterandLindareceivefivedollarsfromtheirparents.Thismoneyistheirweeklyallowance.Itisnotagift.PeterandLindamustworkforthefamilytoearnthemoney.Petertakesoutthegarbageandcleanstheyardaroundthehouse.Heshoulddoiteveryday,butsometimesheforgets.Lindahelpshermotherwiththecooking.Shealsowashesthedishesafterdinner.PeterandLindadon'thavetousetheirmoneyforfood.Theyuseitfortheirentertainment.Sometimestheygotothemovies.Sometimestheybuyrecords.Eachweektheysavesomeoftheirmoneytobuysomethingmoreexpensive.
刚才那段文章你听懂了多少?
文章里包含了今天教的语法,你是不是注意到了?
等一会儿我们会把整段文章再念一遍.现在我们把今天测验的三个问题先念一遍给你听.
第一个问题是:
M:
WhatshouldPeterdotoearnhisweeklyallowance?
第二个问题是:
M:
DoesLindahavetouseherallowanceforfood?
下面是第三个问题:
M:
HowdoPeterandLindaspendtheirmoney?
好了,现在我们再把刚才那段文章用慢速度念一遍给你听,请你特别注意刚才那三个问题的答案.
EveryweekPeterandLindareceivefivedollarsfromtheirparents.Thismoneyistheirweeklyallowance.Itisnotagift.PeterandLindamustworkforthefamilytoearnthemoney.Petertakesoutthegarbageandcleanstheyardaroundthehouse.Heshoulddoiteveryday,butsometimesheforgets.Lindahelpshermotherwiththecooking.Shealsowashesthedishesafterdinner.PeterandLindadon'thavetousetheirmoneyforfood.Theyuseitfortheirentertainment.Sometimestheygotothemovies.Sometimestheybuyrecords.Eachweektheysavesomeoftheirmoneytobuysomethingmoreexpensive.
现在要请你回答今天测验的三个问题.在你回答以后,请你听老师说正确答案,看你答对了没有.
下面是第一个问题:
M:
WhatshouldPeterdotoearnhisweeklyallowance?
F:
Heshouldtakeoutthegarbageandcleantheyardaroundthehouse.
第二个问题是:
M:
DoesLindahavetouseherallowanceforfood?
F:
No,shedoesn'thavetouseherallowanceforfood.
现在请你回答第三个问题:
M:
HowdoPeterandLindaspendtheirmoney?
F:
Sometimestheygotothemovies.Sometimestheybuyrecords.
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