34A Man and His Castle.docx

34A Man and His Castle.docx

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34AManandHisCastle

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AManandHisCastle

LaCuestaEncantada（TheEnchanted[使用魔法迷惑]Castle）isoneofthemostremarkabledisplaysofpowerandpassionintheworld.ThismarveloustouristsitenowknownasHearstSanSimeonStateHistoricalMonumentisbetterknownasHearstCastle.ItislocatedsixhourssouthofSanFranciscoandfivehoursnorthofLosAngeles.ShelteredbythemountainsinnorthernSanLuisObispoCounty,thecomplexof165roomsand127acresofgardens,terraces（露台）,pools,fountainsandfootpathsdrawsapproximately800,000visitorsannually.Tounderstandthecastle,youhavetounderstandthemanwhobuiltit,WilliamRandolphHearst.Andtounderstandtheman,youhavetounderstandthelanduponwhichhebuilthisdream.

BornonApril29,1863,WilliamRandolphHearstwastheonlychildofGorgeHearstandhiswife,Phoebe.Georgewasamultimillionaire（千万富翁）whoamassed（积聚）hisfortunethroughpartnerships（合作关系）inthreeoftheeverlargestminingdiscoveriesofcopper,silver,andgoldores.In1865,Georgebegantoaccumulateparcelsoflandbyobtaining46,000acresofthePiedraBlancoRanchonCalifornia’sCentralCoast.Therehebeganasuccessfulcattleranch（大农场）,eventuallyenlargingitto250,000acresstretching50milesalongthecoast.

Williamlovedtheranchwherehespenthissummervacationsasayoungsterandayouth,playingintheruggedcanyons（峡谷）,descendingthecliffsandcampingincolorfulArab-styletentsinthemountainswithhisfamily.

Phoebewasdelightedinexposingherdarlingchildtothebeautiesandwondersoftheworldandsparednoexpensedoingso.Duringoneoftheiradventures,an18-monthtourofthehistoricpalacesandcastlesofEurope,Williambeganalifelongloveofcollecting.Withhisfirstacquisitions,Germanpicturebooks,heembarked（着手,开始工作）ona78-yearsessionofexcessivespending.Heconfessedtoaloveofthefinerthingsinlifeand,ashehadabottomless（不见底的）purse,wouldneverdenyhimselfanythinghewanted.

In1887,whileWilliamwasatHarvardUniversity,hedecidedtotakeoverthesmallnewspaper,theSanFranciscoExaminer,whichhisfatherhadacceptedaspaymentforagambling（赌博）debtseveralyearsearlier.Georgewouldhavepreferredthathissonbeinvolvedintheminingandranchinginterests,butWilliamdeclinedthisofferandwasgivenownershipoftheExaminerinMarch1887.Hewasdeterminedtoincreasethepopularity（普遍,流行）ofthepaperandacquirethebestequipmentandwritersavailable.

William’sresolvetosucceedinspiredhimtopublishjuicy（有趣的）talesofviceandstoriesfullofdramaandmotivation（积极性,动机）.In1895,hepurchasedtheNewYorkMorningJournal,puttinghimindirectcompetitionwiththedistinguished（杰出的）JosephPulitzerandacirculation（传播,发行）warbegan.

BoththeHearstandPulitzernewspapersstartedtoincludesensational（耸人听闻的）storiesabouttheCubanInsurrection（起义）.ThestoriesgreatlyexaggeratedclaimsofSpanishtroopsplacingCubansinconcentrationcamps,forcingthemtoliveundersubstandardconditions,disease-ridden,starvinganddying.Thisstyleofreportingbecameknownas“YellowJournalism（新闻事件）”.Thenewspapersweretransformedasthescopeofthenewsbroadenedandbecamelessconservative.Circulationsoaredasthepubliccouldgetenoughofthebannerheadlinesandabundantillustrations.Atthetime,manypeoplebelievedWilliamactuallymighthaveinitiated（开始,发动）theSpanish-AmericanWartoencouragesales.Accordingtoonereport,whenoneofhiscorrespondents,FrederickRemington,requestedtoreturnfromHavana,WilliamrespondedthatifRemingtonwouldfurnishthepictures,Williamwouldfurnishthewar.Hewasoncequotedinaneditorialassaying,“MakethenewsthoroughPrintallthenews.Condenseitifnecessary.Frequentlyitisbetterwhenintelligently（聪明的）condensed.”

Anotherclassicexampleofhisinfluenceoccurredwhen;merelymonthsafterheadvocatedpoliticalassassination（暗杀）inaneditorial,AmericanPresidentMcKinleywasassassinated.

Asanintelligentanddynamicbusinessman,Williamgeneratedincreasedreadershipbyemployingsomeofthemosttalented（天才的）writersintheUnitedStates,recruitingfiguresfromtheliterarycommunity,likeMarkTwainandStephenCrane,andthepreviouslymentionedillustrator,FrederickRemington.Healsoshowedhisinitiativewhenhecharteredayacht（快艇）,equippeditasaminiature（小型的）newspaperheadquarters,anchoredoffthecoastofCuba,andledhisarmyofreportersintothefield.

William’sinterestsledhimtofollowinhisfather’sfootsteps,inspiringhimtoenterintopolitics.HewaselectedtotheU.S.CongressasasenatorrepresentingtheStateofNewYorkin1902andserveduntil1907.HewasacandidatefortheofficeofmayorofNewYorkCityandgovernorofNewYorkState,butfailedinbothoftheseattempts.

WhilehoneymooninginEuropeafterhismarriagetoMillicentWilsonin1903,heexpandedhispublishingempirewithMotorMagazine.TheHearstCorporationgrewtocompriseatotalof12newspapers,includingtheExaminer,and25magazines,includingCosmopolitan.Notsatisfiedwithjusthispublishingenterprises,heexpandedhisbusinessoperationsintoradio,andlaterproducedmovienewsreels（新闻纪录片）.（ToBeContinued）

Thisinfluentialmediagiantwasnotwithouthisfaults.Hisprejudiceswerecommonknowledge.Hiscareerwasblemished（玷污）byhisoffensiveremarksaboutSpaniards,Japanese,Filipinos,andRussians.Heprintedlies,forgeddocuments,falsified（歪曲）storiesofviolence,wroteprovocativeeditorials,andpublishedsensationalcartoonsandphotographstosupporthisopinions.

Williamhatedminorities.Hetookadvantageofeveryopportunitytoheightenracialtensions.HisrealmotiveforhishatredofMexicansmayhavebeenthelossof800,000acresofprimetimberlandtotheMexicanoutlaw（逃犯）,PanchoVilla.Hispapersdescribedthemasmarijuana-smoking,job-stealing,lazy,wicked,andviolentdegenerates（堕落）.SomesuggesthesawtheMexicansasathreattohisempire.

Duringthisperiod,Williammetandfellinlovewithayoungactress,MarionDavies.Millicent,hiswifeandthemotherofhisfivesons,includingasetoftwins,refusedtodissolvethemarriage,whichobligedWilliamto“liveinsin”withthewomanwhomthetourguidesrefertoashis“friend”or“companion”.

Withthedeathofhismotherin1919,Williaminheritedthebelovedquarter-million-acreranch.Atfirst,heplannedtobuildmodestranchhouseonhisfavoritecampsite（野营的）butashebecamemoreinvolvedintheproject,hisvisionofamonumenttodisplayhiscollectionsgainedmomentum（动力）.Workingcloselywithfamilyarchitect,JuliaMorgan,Williamcreatedagloriousandextraordinarycastle-likestructure,blendingSpanish,European,andCalifornianarchitecturalstyles.Hugewarehouses（仓库）werebuiltinSanSimeontostoretheshiploadsofsplendidantiques,includingentirecarvedceilingsandwallshungwithenormoustapestries（挂毯）.Theycouldbeinstalledinthecompletedrooms.Landscapingintegratedexotic（外来的,奇异的）plants,hedges,andtreeswithnativeflora（植物群落）.AsWilliamwasinhis60’s,hehadtheinsighttoknowhecouldn’twaitforthemtogrow,buthewasoptimistic.Heorderedtonsoffertiletopsoiltocoverthegroundstoadepthoffivefeetandfull-grownspecimensoftheplantsweretruckedupthemountainforplanting.

Withthousandsofacresoflandcoveredwithgrassland,trees,naturalponds,andman-madereservoirsavailableforuse,Williamstockedtheestatewithherdsofrareoxenanddeer,andflocksofsheepandlambs.Theseanimalsflourishedastheywereallowedtowanderfreely.Larger,moredangerousbeasts,includingtigers,ostriches,buffalo,yaks,emus,kangaroos,llamas,zebrasandgiraffeswereenclosedinthelargestprivatezoointheworld.

The“complex”wasreadyforoccupancy（占有）in1927,butadditionscontinueduntil1947.Eventuallyitcomprisedthemainhouseandthreecottages,allofwhicharefurnishedwithavarietyofvaluableantiques.Eventhelavatorieswerespeciallyequipped.William’sfavoriteroomwassaidtobethelibrarywithitscollectionsofmorethan5,000books,ancientGreekvases,andanantiqueSpanishceilingsuspended（悬挂的）bycablessoitwillswayintheeventofanearthquake（alltheantiquefurnishingsandtreasuresareanchoredasaprecautionasthisisearthquakecountry）.

Inthe‘20s,‘30s,and‘40s,Williamlovedpart-timeattheestatewithhismistress,MarionDavies.Theyentertainedtoanexcessiveextent.Tobeinvitedtothecastlewasaprivilege.Moviestars,politicians,businessmen,andevenroyalty（皇室成员）werefrequentguests.Manyoftheseguests,includingaBritishlord,SirCharlesKingsford-Smith,AmeliaEarhart,andCharlesLindbergh,flewtotheranch,landingontheprivate（私人的）airstrip（飞机跑道）.

Lifeonthe“hill”wasneverdull.Thevisitorsstayedinthemainhouseorthecottages,dependingontheirprominence（重要）ortheirintimacy（亲密）withthefamilyandwerefreetoroam（漫游）thegrounds,goridingontheirchoiceofhorsesontheproperty.Companywasexpected,however,tomeetinthemaindrawingroomat7:

30p.m.sharp,principally（主要地）toamusetheirhost.Dinnerwasaformalaffairbeginningat9:

00p.m.thismealwasheldintheimmensediningroom,thewallsofwhicharelinedwithpricelesspanelsfromancientEuropeancathedrals（大教堂）.Followingdinner,movieswereshownintheprivatetheater,startingat11:

00.

Therewere,however,threerulesguestshadtofollow:

donotgetdrunk;donotswearortell