太阳能跟踪器中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

太阳能跟踪器中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

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太阳能跟踪器中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译

英文原文

SolarTracker

TheSolarTrackerteamwasformedinthefallof2005fromfivestudentsinanMEdesignteam,andaSmartHouseliaison.Wecontinuedtheworkofaprevioussolartrackergroup.Thetaskwastodesignaprototypetrackingdevicetoalignsolarpanelsoptimallytothesunasitmovesoverthecourseoftheday.TheimplementationofsuchasystemdramaticallyincreasestheefficiencyofsolarpanelsusedtopowertheSmartHouse.Thisreportexaminestheprocessofdesigningandconstructingtheprototype,theexperiencesandproblemsencountered,andsuggestionsforcontinuingtheproject.

1.Introduction

Solartrackingistheprocessofvaryingtheangleofsolarpanelsandcollectorstotakeadvantageofthefullamountofthesun’senergy.Thisisdonebyrotatingpanelstobeperpendiculartothesun’sangleofincidence.Initialtestsinindustrysuggestthatthisprocesscanincreasetheefficiencyofasolarpowersystembyupto50%.Giventhosegains,itisanattractivewaytoenhanceanexistingsolarpowersystem.Thegoalistobuildarigthatwillaccomplishthesolartrackingandrealizethemaximumincreaseinefficiency.Theultimategoalisthattheprojectwillbecosteffective–thatis,thegainsreceivedbyincreasedefficiencywillmorethanoffsettheonetimecostofdevelopingtherigovertime.Inadditiontothefunctionalgoals,theSmartHousesetforththeotherfollowinggoalsforourproject:

itmustnotdrawexternalpower（self-sustaining）,itmustbeaestheticallypleasing,anditmustbeweatherproof.

Thedesignofoursolartrackerconsistsofthreecomponents:

theframe,thesensor,andthedrivesystem.Eachwascarefullyreviewedandtested,institutingchangesandimprovementsalongthedesignprocess.Theframeforthetrackerisanaluminumprismaticframesuppliedbytheprevioussolartrackinggroup.Itutilizesan‘A-frame’designwiththerotatingaxleinthemiddle.Attachedtothebottomofthissquarechannelaxleistheplatformwhichwillhousethemainsolarcollectingpanels.Theframeitselfisatanangletodirectthepanelstowardthesun（alongwiththeinclinationoftheroof）.Itsrotationtracksthesunfromeasttowestduringtheday.

Thesensordesignforthesystemusestwosmallsolarpanelsthatlieonthesameplaneasthecollectingpanels.Thesesensorpanelshavemirrorsverticallyattachedbetweenthemsothat,unlessthemirrorfacesdonotreceiveanysun,theyareshadingoneofthepanels,whiletheotherisreceivingfullsunlight.Oursensorreliesonthisdifferenceinlight,whichresultsinalargeimpedancedifferenceacrossthepanels,todrivethemotorintheproperdirectionuntilagain,themirrorsarenotseeinganysunlight,atwhichpointbothsolarpanelsonthesensorreceiveequalsunlightandnopowerdifferenceisseen.

Afterevaluationofthepreviousdirectdrivesystemforthetracker,wedesignedabeltsystemthatwouldbeeasiertomaintaininthecaseofafailure.Ononeendoftheframeisamotorthathasthedrivepulleyattachedtoitsoutputshaft.Themotorrotatesthedrivebeltwhichthenrotatesthepulleyontheaxle.Thissystemissimpleandeasilydisassembled.Itiseasyto

interchangemotorsasneededforfurthertestingandalsoallowsforoptimizationofthefinalgearratioforresponseofthetracker.

Aswithanydesignprocesstherewereseveralsetbackstoourprogress.Thefirstandforemostwasinclementweatherwhichdeniedusofvaluabletestingtime.Despitethesetbacks,webelievethisdesignandprototypetobeaveryvaluableproof-of-principle.Duringourtestingwehaveeliminatedmanyoftherepetitiveproblemswiththemotorandwiringsothatfutureworkontheprojectwillgomoresmoothly.Wealsohaveachievedourgoaloftrackingthesunina‘hands-off’demo.Wewereabletohavethetrackerrotateunderitsownpowertotheangleofthesunandstopwithoutanyassistance.ThiswasthemaingoalsetforthtousbytheSmartHousesowebelieveoursensedmotionprototypeforsolartrackingwillbethefoundationastheymoveforwardinthefuturedevelopmentandimplementationofthistechnologytothehouse.

2.DefiningtheProblem

Theprojectwastocompletethe“REV2”designphaseofthesolartrackertobeusedontheSmartHouse.WhiletheteamwascomprisedofmembersfromtheME160seniordesigncourse,thecustomerforthisprojectwastobetheSmartHouseorganization.JeffSchwane,arepresentativefromtheSmartHouse,wasourliaisonandcommunicatedtoourgroupthedirectionSmartHouseleadershipwishedustoproceed.

AtourfirstmeetingwithJeffandTomRose,thefollowingneedswereidentified:

1.Trackthesunduringtheday

2.Usenoexternalpowersource

3.Weatherproof

4.Costeffectivepowergain

5.Mustlookgood

6.Solarpanelversatilei.e.canfitdifferenttypesofpanels

Withtheseneedsinhand,weconstructedaQualityFunctionDeploymentchart.ThischartcanbefoundinAppendixA.TheQFDshowedthemajorareasofconcernmighthavebeen:

numberofpanels/sizeofpanels,internalpowerrequirements,motortorquerequired.

Atourfirstmeetingwewerealsoabletosetupourgoalsforthesemester.Havingaworkingprototypecapableoftrackingthesunwastobethemaingoalfortheendofthesemester,butwesoonfoundthatinordertoaccomplishthis,wewouldbeforcedtoomitportionsofthedesigncriteriainhopestheywouldbeworkedoutlater.Thiswouldresultintheoptimizationofplatformspaceontherooftobeirrelevant,withourgoalbeingtohaveoneplatformtrack.Italsoledtotheassumptionthatourbasewouldnotneedtobetestedforstabilityorrequiredtobefastenedtotheroof.Withanideaofwhereweweretobegin,fromscratchwiththepossibilityofusingtheframefromthe“REV1”design,andanideaofwhereweweretofinish,withamovingprototype,weconstructedtheGanttchartthatcanbefoundinAppendixB.OurgroupplannedtomeetwithJeffonceaweektomakesurewewereontrackwiththeneedsoftheSmartHouse.JeffwouldalsomeetwithTomRose,thedirectorofSmartHouse,atleastonceaweekinordertokeepeveryoneonthesamepage.Withourgoalsinmindweembarkedontheprocessofideageneration.

3.ConceptsandResearch

3.1TrackingType

Ourgroupusedabrainstormingapproachtoconceptgeneration.Wethoughtofideasfordifferentsolartrackingdevices,whichproveddifficultattimesduetotheexistingframeandconceptpresentedtousbySmartHouse.Otherconceptsweregeneratedthroughresearchofpre-existingsolartrackingdevices.OriginallyourconceptgenerationwasgearedtowardscreatingacompletelynewsolartrackeroutsideoftheconstraintsofthepreviousstructuregiventousbySmartHouse.Thisinitialbrainstorminggeneratedmanyconcepts.Thefirstonewasauni-axialtrackingsystemthatwouldtrackthesuneasttowestacrosstheskyduringthecourseofadayandreturnattheendoftheday.Thisconceptpresentedtheadvantageofsimplicityandpresenteduswiththeoptiontousematerialsfromthepreviousstructure（whichwasalsointendedtobeauni-axialtracker）inconstruction.Anothermorecomplexconceptwastotrackthesunbi-axiallywhichwouldinvolvetrackingthesunbotheasttowestandthroughouttheseasons.Theadvantageofthisconceptwasamoreefficientharvestingofsolarenergy.Thethirdconceptwastoonlytrackthroughouttheseasons.Thiswouldprovidesmallefficiencygainsbutnowherenearthegainprovidedbytrackingeasttowest.

Thedifferentstructureswecameupwithtoaccomplishtrackingmotionincludedarotatingcenteraxlewithattachedpanels,hydraulicormotorizedliftswhichwouldmovethemainpanelinthedirectionofthesun,andaroboticarmwhichwouldturntofacethesun.Theclearefficiencygainscoupledwiththesimplicityofdesignoftheuni-axialtrackingsystemandtheexistenceofusableparts（i.e.motorandaxle）fortherotatingcenteraxlestructure,ledustothechoiceoftheEasttoWesttracking,rotatingcenteraxleconcept.

3.2Structure

Oncethemethodofmotionwaschosen,itwasnecessarytogenerateconceptsforthestructuralsupportoftheaxle.SupportcouldbeprovidedbythetriangularprismaticstructurewhichwasattemptedbythepreviousSmartHousesolartrackergrouporthroughtheuseofcolumnswhichwouldsupporttheaxisoneitherside.Whiletheprismaticstructurepresentedtheadvantageofmobilityandanexistingframe,thecolumnswouldhaveprovideduswitheaseofconstruction,simplegeometricconsiderations,andeaseofprospectivemountingontheroof.Duetotheheightenedintensityoftimeconsiderations,thepreviousfinancialcommitmenttotheprismaticstructurebySmartHouse,andourlimitedbudget,thepresenceofthepre-existingframeprovedtobethemostimportantfactorindecidingonastructure.DuetothesefactorswedecidedtoworkwithintheframewhichwasprovidedtousfromthepreviousSolarTrackergroup.

3.2TrackingMotion

Oncethestructuralsupportwasfinalizedweneededtodecideonameanstoactualizethismotion.Wedecidedbetweensensedmotion,whichwouldsensethesun’spositionandmovetofollowit,andcontinuousclocktypemotion,whichwouldtrackthesunbasedonitspre-determinedpositioninthesky.Wechosetheconceptofcontinuousmotionbasedonitsperceivedaccuracyandtheexistenceofknowntimingtechnology.Duringtheevaluationstage,however,werealizedthatcontinuousmotionwouldprovedifficult.Onereasonwastheinabilitytodrawconstantvoltageandcurrentfromthesolarpanelsnecessarytosustainconsistentmotion,resultinginthenecessityforsensingtherotationpositiontocomp