1定语从句总复习doc.docx
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1定语从句总复习doc
定语从句
定语从句分为2类:
限制性定语从句;
非限制性定语从句
TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.
Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.
定语从句的连接词不可以用what.
一•定语从句
1•定语从句:
修饰一个名闻或托冈的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2•关系词:
引导定语从句的关联词为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;
关系副词有where,when,why等。
一、选准关系代词和关系副词
关系词常有3个作用:
1,引导定语从句。
2,代替先行词。
3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二•关系代词引导的定语从句
l.who指人,在从句中做主语,宾语o
(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.
(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.
(2)Mr.Lingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.
(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.
(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.
4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于whicho在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocomestovisitthecityeachyearrisestoonemillion.
(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?
Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?
that,which的区另(J
that在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指物。
在下列情况下,只能用that来引导定语从句:
1•先行词是all,much,few,little,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。
例如:
Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuy?
2•先行词被all,few,little,much,every,some,no等词修饰
或被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等限定词修饰时。
例如:
TheseareallthepicturesthatIhaveseen.
Thisistheverydictionarythatisofgreathelp.
3•先行词既指人+物时。
例如:
Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthethingsandthepersonsthattheycouldremember.
4•关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
例如:
Ourschoolisnottheonethatitusedtobe.
5•先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
例如:
ThisisthebestEnglishfilmthatIhaveeverseen.
ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasATaleandTwoCities.
6•主句是who或which引导的特殊问句时。
为了避免重复。
例如:
Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?
WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday?
5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhosewindowsfacedsouth.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?
(6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?
6.as只做关系代词,不做关系副词。
用于thesame...as;
sush/so...as的结构中。
(1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.
(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.
(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.
注意:
偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同
thesame...as中as侧重“相似”
thesame...that中侧重“同一”
(4)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary'swedding.
她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的同—^条裙子。
(5)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹一样的裙子。
区分as引导的定语从句和结果状语从句
Heissuchakindpersonaseverybodylikes.
Heissuchakindpersonthateverybodylikeshim.结果状语从句
(三)以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that弓I
导,而且通常可以省略。
Thewayinwhichheansweredthequestionwassurprising.
Thewaythatheansweredthequestionwassurprising.
Thewayheansweredthequestionwassurprising.
theway;
thewaythat;
thewayinwhich;
三•介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.
(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.
(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.
(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.
(5)We'llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalked
about.
(6)We'llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.
(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)
注意定语从句的主谓一致性
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致。
例如:
TomisoneoftheboyswhoarefromtheUSA.
TomistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoisfromtheUSA.
四.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词在定语从句中做状语
1.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语
(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.
(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.
2.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语
(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.
(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
3.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语
(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
(2)Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
注意:
关系副词(where,when,why)引导的从句可以由“介词+which”引导的从句替换
(1)Thereasonwhyherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.
Thereasonforwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.
(2)Fromtheyearwhenhewenttoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.
Fromtheyearinwhichhewenttoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.
(3)GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecitywhereIwasbom.
GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhichIwasbom.
五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句举例:
(1)TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.
(2)Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.非限制性定语从句举例:
(1)Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.
(2)China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.
关系代词as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。
具体情况是:
1.As和which都可以在非限定性定语从句中,做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。
(1)Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.
(2)Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.
位置上的区别
2.as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
Asisknowntousall,theearthturnsaroundthesun.Theearth,asisknowntousall,turnsaroundthesun.
Theearthturnsaroundthesun,asisknowntousall.
词义与联系上的区别
另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思
(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.
(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswrite匚
(4)Lighttravelsfasterthansound,asweal1know.注意:
当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which
Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.
只能用which而不能用that的情形
(1)当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时,只能用whicho
如:
Thepencil-case,whichIboughtlastweek,ismissing.另B个铅笔盒,我上周买的,现在不见了。
(2)关系代词前面有介词时,只能用whicho如:
Thetreeunderwhichweusedtotakearesthasbeencutdown.我们过去常在下面休息的那棵树已砍掉了。
⑶先行词为代词that或that所修饰时,只能用which□女口:
Idon'ttakethatwhichistooexpensive.我不要太贵的那一个。
用that而不用who(whom)的情形
(1)当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,引导词只能用that。
如:
ThetallestplayerthatplaysfootballforourteamisfromShandong.在为我们队踢足球的最高哪个运动员来自山东。
(2)当先行词前面有only,some,any,no,every,little,few,much,all,very形容词修饰时,引导词只能用that。
女口:
Heistheonlystudentthatsaid“no”totheteacher.他是唯~的一个对老师说“不”的学生
⑶当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复,引导词只能用thato如:
Whoiswomanthatyoutalkedwithjustnow?
刚才跟你谈话的那位妇女是谁?
(4)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,通常用that而不用whoo
Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.区分定语从句和同位语从句
1.同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系
(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句
(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位语从句
2.定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导,关系词在句中充当成分,有时可以省略;同位语从句主要由that引导,在句中一般不做成分;
句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导,充当成分
(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.
(2)Thenewsthathehasjustleftistrue.
(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语从句
(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.同位语从句
重要提示正确使用关系词
l.Thereasonthathetoldmeforhisbeinglateisthathegotuplate.
2.Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathegotuplate.
3.1sthisthevillagethatyouvisitedlastyear?
4.1sthisthevillagewhereyoulivedtwentyyearsago?
5.1sthisvillagetheoneyouvisitedlastyear?
6.1metamanwhoIthoughtwasmad.