1定语从句总复习doc.docx

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1定语从句总复习doc

定语从句

定语从句分为2类:

限制性定语从句;

非限制性定语从句

TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.

定语从句的连接词不可以用what.

一•定语从句

1•定语从句:

修饰一个名闻或托冈的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2•关系词:

引导定语从句的关联词为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;

关系副词有where,when,why等。

一、选准关系代词和关系副词

关系词常有3个作用:

1,引导定语从句。

2,代替先行词。

3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。

二•关系代词引导的定语从句

l.who指人,在从句中做主语,宾语o

(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.

2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。

(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.

(2)Mr.Lingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.

(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.

3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.

(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.

4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于whicho在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。

(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocomestovisitthecityeachyearrisestoonemillion.

(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?

Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?

that,which的区另(J

that在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指物。

在下列情况下,只能用that来引导定语从句:

1•先行词是all,much,few,little,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。

例如:

Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuy?

2•先行词被all,few,little,much,every,some,no等词修饰

或被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等限定词修饰时。

例如:

TheseareallthepicturesthatIhaveseen.

Thisistheverydictionarythatisofgreathelp.

3•先行词既指人+物时。

例如:

Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthethingsandthepersonsthattheycouldremember.

4•关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。

例如:

Ourschoolisnottheonethatitusedtobe.

5•先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。

例如:

ThisisthebestEnglishfilmthatIhaveeverseen.

ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasATaleandTwoCities.

6•主句是who或which引导的特殊问句时。

为了避免重复。

例如:

Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?

WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday?

5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语

(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhosewindowsfacedsouth.

whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替

(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

(4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?

(6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?

6.as只做关系代词,不做关系副词。

用于thesame...as;

sush/so...as的结构中。

(1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.

(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.

(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.

注意:

偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同

thesame...as中as侧重“相似”

thesame...that中侧重“同一”

(4)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary'swedding.

她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的同—^条裙子。

(5)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹一样的裙子。

区分as引导的定语从句和结果状语从句

Heissuchakindpersonaseverybodylikes.

Heissuchakindpersonthateverybodylikeshim.结果状语从句

(三)以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that弓I

导,而且通常可以省略。

Thewayinwhichheansweredthequestionwassurprising.

Thewaythatheansweredthequestionwassurprising.

Thewayheansweredthequestionwassurprising.

theway;

thewaythat;

thewayinwhich;

三•介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导

(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.

(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.

(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.

(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.

(5)We'llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalked

about.

(6)We'llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.

(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)

注意定语从句的主谓一致性

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致。

例如:

TomisoneoftheboyswhoarefromtheUSA.

TomistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoisfromtheUSA.

四.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词在定语从句中做状语

1.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语

(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.

(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.

2.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语

(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.

(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

3.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语

(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.

(2)Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.

注意:

关系副词(where,when,why)引导的从句可以由“介词+which”引导的从句替换

(1)Thereasonwhyherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.

Thereasonforwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.

(2)Fromtheyearwhenhewenttoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.

Fromtheyearinwhichhewenttoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.

(3)GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecitywhereIwasbom.

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhichIwasbom.

五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句举例:

(1)TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.

(2)Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.非限制性定语从句举例:

(1)Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.

(2)China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.

关系代词as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。

具体情况是:

1.As和which都可以在非限定性定语从句中,做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。

(1)Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.

(2)Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.

位置上的区别

2.as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

Asisknowntousall,theearthturnsaroundthesun.Theearth,asisknowntousall,turnsaroundthesun.

Theearthturnsaroundthesun,asisknowntousall.

词义与联系上的区别

另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思

(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.

(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.

(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswrite匚

(4)Lighttravelsfasterthansound,asweal1know.注意:

当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which

Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.

只能用which而不能用that的情形

(1)当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时,只能用whicho

如:

Thepencil-case,whichIboughtlastweek,ismissing.另B个铅笔盒,我上周买的,现在不见了。

(2)关系代词前面有介词时,只能用whicho如:

Thetreeunderwhichweusedtotakearesthasbeencutdown.我们过去常在下面休息的那棵树已砍掉了。

⑶先行词为代词that或that所修饰时,只能用which□女口:

Idon'ttakethatwhichistooexpensive.我不要太贵的那一个。

用that而不用who(whom)的情形

(1)当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,引导词只能用that。

如:

ThetallestplayerthatplaysfootballforourteamisfromShandong.在为我们队踢足球的最高哪个运动员来自山东。

(2)当先行词前面有only,some,any,no,every,little,few,much,all,very形容词修饰时,引导词只能用that。

女口:

Heistheonlystudentthatsaid“no”totheteacher.他是唯~的一个对老师说“不”的学生

⑶当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复,引导词只能用thato如:

Whoiswomanthatyoutalkedwithjustnow?

刚才跟你谈话的那位妇女是谁?

(4)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,通常用that而不用whoo

Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.区分定语从句和同位语从句

1.同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系

(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句

(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位语从句

2.定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导,关系词在句中充当成分,有时可以省略;同位语从句主要由that引导,在句中一般不做成分;

句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导,充当成分

(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.

(2)Thenewsthathehasjustleftistrue.

(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语从句

(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.同位语从句

重要提示正确使用关系词

l.Thereasonthathetoldmeforhisbeinglateisthathegotuplate.

2.Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathegotuplate.

3.1sthisthevillagethatyouvisitedlastyear?

4.1sthisthevillagewhereyoulivedtwentyyearsago?

5.1sthisvillagetheoneyouvisitedlastyear?

6.1metamanwhoIthoughtwasmad.

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