1定语从句总复习doc.docx

1、1定语从句总复习doc定语从句定语从句分为2类：限制性定语从句；非限制性定语从句The boys who are playing football are from Class One.His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.定语从句的连接词不可以用what.一定语从句1 定语从句：修饰一个名闻或托冈的从句称为定语从句，一般 紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等;关系副词有wher

2、e, when, why等。一、选准关系代词和关系副词关系词常有3个作用:1, 引导定语从句。2, 代替先行词。3, 在定语从句中担当一个成分。二关系代词引导的定语从句l. who指人，在从句中做主语，宾语o(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(

3、2) Mr. Ling is just the boy (whom) I want to see.(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省 略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于whicho 在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5) The

4、number of the people that/who comes to visit the city each year rises to one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?that, which 的区另（Jthat在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指物。在下列情况下, 只能用that来引导定语从句：1 先行词是 all，much, few，little，everything, anything, nothi

5、ng等不定代词时。例如：Is there anything that you want to buy?2先行词被 all, few, little, much, every, some, no 等词修饰或被 the only, the very, the same, the last 等限定词修饰时。例 如:These are all the pictures that I have seen.This is the very dictionary that is of great help.3先行词既指人+物时。例如：My father and his teacher talked a lo

6、t about the things and the persons that they could remember.4关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。例如：Our school is not the one that it used to be.5先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：This is the best English film that I have ever seen.The first English novel that I read was A Tale and Two Cities.6主句是who或which引导的特殊问句时。为了避免重复。例 如：Who is

7、the girl that is standing under the tree?Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose windows faced south.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The

8、classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?6. as只做关系代词，不做关系副词。用于the same.as;sush/so.as 的结构中。(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3)

9、This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定 语从句意思不同the same.as 中 as 侧重“相似”the same.that 中侧重 “同一”(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary s wedding.她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的同条裙子。(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹一样的裙子。区分as引导的定语从句和结果状语从句He is such

10、a kind person as everybody likes.He is such a kind person that everybody likes him.结果状语从句（三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that弓I导，而且通常可以省略。The way in which he answered the question was surprising.The way that he answered the question was surprising.The way he answered the question was surprising.the

11、 way;the way that;the way in which;三介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代 词引导(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a

12、magazine for which you asked.(5) Well go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talkedabout.(6) Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)注意定语从句的主谓一致性关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语必须与先行 词保持人称和数的一致。例如：Tom is one of the bo

13、ys who are from the USA.Tom is the only one of the boys who is from the USA.四.关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词在定语从句中做状语1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2

14、) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词(where,when,why)引导的从句可以由“介词 +which”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why he refused the invitation is not clear.Th

15、e reason for which he refused the invitation is not clear.(2) From the year when he went to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.From the year in which he went to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city where I was bom.G

16、reat changes have taken place in the city in which I was bom.五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句举例：(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.(2) China is a country which has a long history. 非限制性定语从句举例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, whi

17、ch was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.关系代词as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有 不同之处。具体情况是：1. As和which都可以在非限定性定语从句中，做主语或者宾 语，代表前面整个句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.位置上的区别2. as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后, 甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能 放在主句之后。A

18、s is known to us all, the ear th turns around the sun. The ear th，as is known to us all, turns around the sun.The earth turns around the sun，as is known to us all.词义与联系上的区别另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3

19、) John, as you know, is a famous write匚(4) Light travels faster than sound, as we al1 know. 注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用whichTom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.只能用which而不能用that的情形(1)当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只能用whicho如：The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing.另B个铅笔 盒，我上周买的，

20、现在不见了。(2)关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whicho如：The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down. 我 们过去常在下面休息的那棵树已砍掉了。 先行词为代词that或that所修饰时，只能用which女口： I don t take that which is too expensive.我不要太贵的那一个。用that而不用who (whom)的情形(1)当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，引导词 只能用that。如:The tallest player that plays football for

21、 our team is from Shandong.在为我们队踢足球的最高哪个运动员来自山东。(2) 当先行词前面有 only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all,very形容词修饰时，引导词只能用that。女口：He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher.他是唯 的一个对老师说“不”的学生 当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复，引导 词只能用thato如：Who is woman that you talked with just now?刚才跟你谈话 的那位妇女

22、是谁？（4）当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，通常用that而不用 whooHe is no longer the man that he used to be. 区分定语从句和同位语从句1. 同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear.同位语从句2. 定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充 当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中 一般不做成分；句子也可以由 w

23、hen, where, how, why, whether, what 等词引导， 充当成分(1) The news he told me is true.（2） The news that he has just left is true.（3） The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语从句（4） The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.同位语从句重要提示 正确使用关系词l. The reas

24、on that he told me for his being late is that he got up late.2. The reason why he was late is that he got up late.3.1s this the village that you visited last year?4.1s this the village where you lived twenty years ago?5.1s this village the one you visited last year?6.1 met a man who I thought was mad.