届高三北师大版英语大一轮复习文档Book 5 Unit 15 Learning.docx

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届高三北师大版英语大一轮复习文档Book 5 Unit 15 Learning.docx

届高三北师大版英语大一轮复习文档Book5Unit15Learning

重点识记词汇

1.correctionn.改正,改进

2.franklyspeaking坦率地说

3.simplifyvt.简化

4.layoff裁员;解雇

5.chiefadj.最高级别的

6.instructv.指导,教导

7.distinguishvt.区别,辨别

8.reputationn.名誉,名声

9.slightadj.少量的;微小的

10.obeyvt.服从,听从

11.outstandingadj.杰出的,优秀的

12.toacertainextent在某种程度上

13.misunderstandv.误解

14.pourvt.倒,灌

15.setoff引发;使爆炸;出发

16.lackvt.&n.缺乏,没有

17.accessn.(使用或见到的)机会,权利

18.worthwhileadj.值得努力的

19.acquirevt.获得,得到

20.beaccustomedto习惯于

21.worthyadj.值得的

22.tendto往往会,倾向于

23.urgevt.力劝,强烈要求

24.vitaladj.极其重要的

25.inspirev.鼓舞;启发

26.conventionaladj.传统的,保守的

27.adaptvt.(使)适应→adaptto适应……

28.asawhole总的来说

29.reflectvt.反射;反映→reflectionn.映像

30.selectvt.挑选→selectionn.挑选

31.defencen.保卫,保护→defendv.保卫

32.ignorevt.忽视,不顾→ignorancen.忽视

33.approvev.赞成;认可;满意→approveof赞成,赞许

34.secureadj.安全的;稳当的

35.asideadv.在一边,向一边→asidefrom除……之外

36.assumevt.假定,假设→assumptionn.假定

37.punishmentn.惩罚,处罚→punishvt.惩罚,处罚

38.beneficialadj.有用的,有益的→benefitv.对……有益;受益

39.appreciationn.欣赏→appreciatevt.感激;欣赏

40.alternativeadj.非传统的;另类的;必选其一的;n.替代品,可供选择物

41.blankn.空白;空虚;空白表格;adj.空白的;空虚的;单调的→goblank变为空白

42.suspectv.怀疑;n.嫌疑犯→suspiciousadj.怀疑的;可疑的;不信任的→suspicionn.怀疑,猜疑

必背经典句式

1.Inthepast,ifsomeonelikemehadfailedtogetintouniversitythroughthecollegeexam,hewouldhavehadnochanceofgettingadegree.

在过去,如果像我这样未能通过大学考试上大学,那么他就没有机会获得学位了。

2.Somanypeoplethinkthatafteryouretire,allyoucandoisswitchoffyourbrainandburyeverythingyou’veeverlearnt.

许多人认为一旦退休,你所能做的事就是把大脑关闭,把你曾经所学的东西埋掉。

3.IdecidedthatitwastimeIbecameanInternetuser.

我觉得是我成为互联网用户的时候了。

必背经典句式

4.Foundedin1896,“TredonaSchool”isproudofitslonglistofoutstandingpaststudents.

Tredona学校成立于1896年,它为自己培养出众多的优秀学生感到骄傲。

5.IsupposeIwasabitlazyandnowIwishI’ddonemorework,especiallyinmaths.

我想我当时有点懒,现在我真希望当时能多做些努力,特别是在数学方面。

构词记忆

 accountant/ə′kaʊntənt/n.[C]会计(员);会计师

assistant/ə′sIstənt/n.[C]助手;副手;助理;图书管理员

Ⅰ.词汇与派生

A.语境填词

1.Threeofhernovelshavebeenadapted(改编)fortelevision.

2.Weareverysadtohavetodothis,butthereisnootheralternative(选择).

3.Hehasgotabadheadacheforlack(缺乏)ofsleep.

4.Studentsmusthaveaccess(机会,方法)tousinggoodresources.

5.Herfatherwillneverapprove(赞成)ofhermarriagetoTom.

6.Thisbeerisn’tbad;I’mbeginningtoacquire(获得)atasteforit.

7.Peoplewhocannotdistinguish(区分)betweencolorsaresaidtobecolorblind.

8.Itmaybemanyyearsbeforethenewcompanycangainasecure(稳定的)footholdinthemarket.

9.Thiswillsimplify(简化)yourdevelopmentprocess.

10.Shesoonacquiredareputation(名誉)asafirstclasscook.

B.用所给词的适当形式填空

11.Thenewhospitalwillbenefit(beneficial)theentirecommunity.

12.Itrytobegreen,butfindoutthatinmyignorance(ignore),I’vemadesillychoicesinstead.

13.Afamilymustdefend(defence)itshomeagainstattack.

14.Motoristsshouldbeseverelypunished(punishment)fordangerousdriving.

15.Theybecamesuspicious(suspect)ofhisbehaviourandcontactedthepolice.

Ⅱ.短语运用

A.用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空

haveaccessto,turninto,pour...into,layoff,setoff,beaccustomedto,approveof,goblank,fallbehind,tendto

16.Givethebottlesomeshakesbeforepouringthejuiceintothecup.

17.Inthepastfiveyears,thesmall,oldtownhasbeenturnedintoabeautifulmoderncity.

18.CitizensinLondonhaveaccesstotheNationalLibrary.

19.Nicholssetoffforhisfarmhouseinthecountrysideyesterday.

20.Iapproveofyourtryingtoearnsomemoney,butpleasedon’tneglectyourstudies.

21.Hehadbeenaccustomedtolivingwithoutelectricity,andmisseditverylittle.

22.Thecarfactoryisgoingtolayoffaround150workersbecauseofthedropinsales.

23.Evanshadhighfever,missedschoolforseveraldaysandfellbehindfinally.

24.Theyfoundthatthosewhocomparedtheirincomeswithotherstendedtobelesshappy.

25.Lilywassonervousthathermindalmostwentblankduringthecollegeentranceexamination.

B.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空

abit,asawhole,franklyspeaking,inperson,asidefrom,toacertainextent,inconclusion

26.Inconclusionweallwishedusverysuccessinourwork.

27.Franklyspeaking,sometimesshoppingmaytakeusmuchtime.

28.Yourarticleiswonderfulasawhole.

29.Aftertherelayrace,shewasabittired.

30.Toacertainextent,thisactionaffectstheenvironment.

31.Willyouapplyforthepositionbyletterorinperson?

32.Asidefromlearningaboutunconditionallove,theyalsolearnedaboutresponsibilityandrespect.

Ⅲ.经典句式

33.It’shightimethatIshouldvisit/visitedyou.

我早该去拜访你了。

34.IwishIhadattendedthemeetinglastweek,butIwasill.

我很希望参加上周的会议,但是我生病了。

35.IfIhadfollowedyouradvice,Iwouldhavepassedtheexam.

如果我听了你的建议的话,我就会通过那次考试了。

36.Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.

我的工作是每天清扫房间。

37.Satisfiedwithwhathedid,theteacherpraisedhiminclass.

由于老师对他所做的事情很满意,于是在班上表扬了他。

1

suspectsb.tobe+n./adj.猜想某人……

suspectsb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人(做了)某事

besuspiciousof/aboutsth.对某事怀疑

suspicionn.怀疑,猜疑

Theabovecomplaintsare,Isuspect,justthetipoftheiceberg.

我想,以上的抱怨只是冰山一角。

Dowomenreallysharesuchstupidjokes?

Wesuspectnot.

女人们真的会觉得如此愚蠢的笑话好笑吗?

我们想不会。

[夯实基础]

Isuspectthatheisthepickpocket.

Isuspecthimtobethepickpocket.(改为简单句)

2

instructsb.todo...命令某人做……

asinstructed按照指示

instructionn.用法说明;操作指南;指示;命令;教授

followtheinstructions遵照说明

carryoutone’sinstructions执行某人的命令

instructiveadj.有教益的,有启发的;指导性的

Shearrivedat10o’clockasinstructed.

她依照指示于10点钟到达。

Followtheinstructionsonthepacketcarefully.

仔细按照包装上的说明操作。

[特别提醒]

instruct后跟从句时,从句常用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用(should)do。

[夯实基础]

(1)用instruct的适当形式填空

①ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatIhaveattendedsinceIcametothisschool.

②Allchildrenareinstructedintheuseofthelibrary.

③Allschoolchildrenmustnowreceivesomereligiousinstruction.

(2)按要求改写句子

①Mybossinstructedmetotypethelettersquickly.

MybossinstructedmethatI(should)typethelettersquickly.(用复合句改写句子)

②We’restandingatadistancefollowingtheinstructions.

We’restandingatadistance,asinstructed.(用as改写句子)

3

[应试指导] 过去分词句法功能的考查

burysth.in...把……埋在……

buryoneselfin埋头于,专心于

beburiedin专心于

Thepaperwasburiedunderapileofbooks.

那份文件被埋在书堆下。

Shesatthere,buriedinthought.

她坐在那儿,陷入了沉思。

[夯实基础]

(1)用bury的适当形式填空

①Hewalkedslowly,hishandburiedinhispocket.

②Thegirlwassittingonthebenchinthepark,buryingherheadinthebookinherhands.

③Theythinkshewasburiedinthedesert,alongwithafewothers.

(2)Becausesheburiedherselfinthefilm,shedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.

①Buryingherselfinthefilm,shedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.(用现在分词短语作状语改写句子)

②Buriedinthefilmshedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)

4distinguishv.区分;辨别;分清(recognizethedifferencebetween);成为……的特征(becharacteristic);使有别于

[应试指导] distinguished作为高级词汇替换famous

distinguish...from...使……别于……的特征

distinguishbetween...and...区分……和……

distinguishedadj.以……著名的;卓越的,杰出的;高贵的

bedistinguishedfor因……而出名

bedistinguishedas辨别为;称之为

distinguishingadj.有区别的

Itisnecessarytodistinguishthepoliciesoftwosuccessivegovernments.

分清前后两届政府的政策很有必要。

Researchsuggeststhatbabieslearntoseebydistinguishingbetweenareasoflightanddark.

研究表明婴儿通过辨别光亮和黑暗的区域来学会看东西。

[夯实基础]

(1)用distinguish的适当形式填空

①Distinguishedguestsandfriends,welcometoourschool.Attendingtheceremonyofthe50thAnniversarythismorningareouralumnifromhomeandabroad.

②Thebirdhasnodistinguishingfeatures.

(2)Hewasdistinguishedforhisknowledgeofeconomicsandwaselectedasheadoftheeconomicschool.

Distinguishedforhisknowledgeofeconomics,hewaselectedasheadoftheeconomicschool.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)

5

reflecton/upon思考……

belostinreflection陷入深思中

Hisfacewasreflectedinthemirror.

他的脸映照在镜子里。

[图解助记]

[夯实基础]

用reflect的适当形式填空

(1)Shewaslefttoreflectontheimplications(可能的影响)ofherdecision.

(2)Shecouldseeherfacereflectedinthewater.

(3)Afterlongreflectionwedecidedtobuythathouse.

6

[多词一义] lack,belackingin,beshortof

(a)lackof缺少……

belackingin...在……方面缺乏

for/throughlackof因缺少……

nolackof……充足的

lack(for)sth.缺少某物

Despitehislackofexperience,hegotthejob.

他虽然经验不足,但还是得到了这份工作。

[夯实基础]

(1)Thegreenhandislackinginpracticalexperience.

Thegreenhandisshortofpracticalexperience.(用short短语改写句子)

(2)Helacksconfidence.

Heislackinginconfidence.(用lacking改写句子)

(3)Lackofconfidencemakeshisfatherworried.

Whatmakeshisfatherworriedishislackofconfidence.(改为what引导的主语从句)

7

beworthyofsth./ofbeingdone/tobedone值得(做)某事

worthadj.价值……的;值……钱的;n.价值;作用

beworthdoing...值得做……

worthwhileadj.值得努力(花时间、花钱等)的

It’sworthwhile/worth(one’s)whiletodo/doing...某人做……是值得的

Guilinisabeautifulplace.It’sworthwhilegoing/togothere.桂林是个美丽的地方,值得去看看。

ThisisaworthyEnglishChinesedictionary.

这是一本有价值的英汉词典。

[特别提醒]

worthy可作定语,而worth不能。

[夯实基础]

这家工厂值得参观。

(一句多译)

(1)Thefactoryisworthvisiting.(worthadj.)

(2)Thefactoryisworthyofavisit.(beworthyof+n.)

(3)Thefactoryisworthyofbeingvisited.(beworthyof+v.ing)

(4)Thefactoryisworthytobevisited.(beworthy+不定式)

(5)It’sworthwhiletovisit/visitingthefactory.(worthwhileadj.)

8urgev.催促;力劝(persuade);竭力主张(recommend);驱赶;鞭策(force);n.强烈的欲望,冲动(desire)

[应试指导] 虚拟语气的考查

haveanurgetodo...渴望做……

urgesb.todo...催促某人做……

Itis/wasurgedthat...(should)do...有人主张……

urgentadj.紧急的,urgencyn.紧急的事

Theyurgedparliamenttoapproveplansfortheirreformprogramme.

他们敦促议会批准他们的改革方案。

[夯实基础]

(1)用urge的适当形式填空

①Thereisanurgentneedforfoodandwater.

②Theurgencyoffindingacureattractedsomeofthebestmindsinmedicalscience.

(2)Ourteacherurgesustostudyhardwiththeexamdrawingnear.

It

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