届高考英语译林版一轮复习练习选修7 4 Unit 4知能演练轻松闯关.docx
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届高考英语译林版一轮复习练习选修74Unit4知能演练轻松闯关
课时练1 阅读理解提速练
阅读理解
A
Sevenyearsago，backin2010，somereportscoveredastorythattheworld’slongestrailwaytunnelwasunderconstructioninSwitzerland.Atthatpointithadalreadybeenunderconstructionforoveradecade.Ithadbeenvotedtobebuiltnearlyaquarterofacenturyago！
Theideatobuilditcoulddatebacktonearly70yearsago—aboutasoldassomeofyourgrandparents!
Yesterday，itwasfinallyready!
It’sabout35mileslongandruns7，500feetbeneaththeSwissAlps，afamousmountainrangeinSwitzerland.Itevenrunsunderanoldtunnelthatwastherebefore.Ittookatotalof17yearstobuildatacostof$12billion！
28milliontonsofrockweredug.Twomilliontruckloadsofearthwereremoved!
ThetunnelconnectsnorthernandsouthernEurope.TheopeningofthistunnelwassuchabigdealthattheGermany’sleader，ChancellorAngelaMerkel，France’spresident，FrancoisHollande，andItaly’sprimeminister，MatteoRenzi，werealltheretocelebrate，aswasAustria’schancellorChristianKern.
It’scalledtheGotthardBaseTunnel.Eventually，325freightandpassengertrainswillgothroughthetunnel，relievingalotoftrafficontheroadwaysthereandmakingitamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyoption.TheGotthardBaseTunnelisawonderofengineeringandmakesuswanttovisitit!
【解题导语】 本文介绍了戈特哈德隧道的建成及其相关情况和由此带来的意义。
1．Whendidpeoplefirsthavetheideaofbuildingthetunnel?
A．About70yearsago.
B．Halfacenturyago.
C．Twentyfiveyearsago.
D．Sevenyearsago.
A 解析：
细节理解题。
根据第一段中的最后一句可知，大约70年前人们第一次有建造该隧道的想法。
故选A项。
2．Whatcanwelearnaboutthetunnel?
A．Itusedtobeanoldtunnel.
B．Ithasjustbeencompleted.
C．ItconnectsallEuropeancountries.
D．Itrunsoverarangeofmountains.
B 解析：
细节理解题。
根据第二段“Yesterday，itwasfinallyready！
”可知，该隧道刚刚竣工。
故选B项。
3．Whatmaybethepurposeofbuildingthetunnel?
A．Toimprovetraffic.
B．Toincreaseemployment.
C．Toattractdonation.
D．Tostoppollution.
A 解析：
细节理解题。
根据第五段中的“relievingalotoftrafficontheroadwaysthereandmakingitamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyoption”可知，该铁路隧道修建的目的是缓解交通压力。
故选A项。
4．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthetunnel?
A．Itwillcauseconflictsamongcountries.
B．Itwillbeoflittlebenefittothelocals.
C．Itmaydodamagetotheenvironment.
D．Itmaybecomeatouristattraction.
D 解析：
推理判断题。
根据最后一句中的“makesuswanttovisitit”可推知，该铁路隧道可能会成为一个旅游胜地。
故选D项。
B
（2018·吉林长春普通高中高三质量监测）OneofthebiggestsocialissuesinJapanistheincreasinglylowmarriageratesamongyoungpeopleandthelowbirthrates,whichleadtoanagingandeventuallyshrinking（萎缩）population.MostyoungJapanesewomensimplydon’tseeminterestedinhavingmanychildren.
NowwhatbeganinJapanishappeningglobally.AsDavidBrookswrote,birthratesarebecominglowerinmuchoftheworld,fromIran—1.7birthsperwoman—toRussian,wherelowbirthratesconnectedwithhighdeathratesmeanthepopulationisalreadyshrinking.AndthisincludestheUS,whichhaslonghadhigherbirthratesthanmostdevelopednations.Agingcountrieswillfacetheburdenofcaringforlargeelderlypopulationswithoutalargerresourceofyoungworkers.
It’struethatglobalagingisgoingtopresentsomemajorchallenges.Whowilltakecareoftheelderly?
Willanolderworldbelessactiveandslowertochangeandadapt?
It’salltrue.SometimesIworryaboutacominggenerationalwaroverresources,justasIworryabouthowIwilltakecareofmyownparentsintheiroldage,justasIworryaboutwhomighttakecareofme.
Buthere’sthething:
anolderworldmayhavelesspressureontheenvironment.Asweallknow,theenvironmentistherealvictimofoverpopulation.
Somaybeaworldthatgrowsslowerandgrowsolderwillputlesspressureontheenvironment,andbuyusafewmoreyearstoensureourenergyuse,alongwithourbirthrates,reachesasustainable（可持续的）level.Afterall,we’resupposedtogetsmarteraswegetolder.Hopefullythatholdstruefortheplanetaswell.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了全球老龄化带来的挑战，也指出了老龄化社会有利的方面。
5．ThepopulationissueinJapanismentionedto________．
A．showyoungpeople’spreferenceformarriage
B．introducethetopicofglobalbirthrates’becominglower
C．indicatethedeepercauseofJapan’sdepression
D．emphasizetherevolutionofJapanesewomen
B 解析：
细节理解题。
文章开头提及日本人口出生率低是为了引出全球人口出生率低、老龄化问题。
第二段的第一句“NowwhatbeganinJapanishappeningglobally.”也是提示。
故选B。
6．Whichwillbecausedbylowbirthratesaccordingtothepassage?
A．Agingsociety.
B．Environmentalproblems.
C．Highdeathrates.
D．Lowemploymentrates.
A 解析：
细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“OneofthebiggestsocialissuesinJapanis...andthelowbirthrates,whichleadtoanagingandeventuallyshrinking（萎缩）population.”可知，人口出生率低会导致老龄化社会。
故选A。
7．What’stheauthor’sattitudetotheworldwidebirthrates’becominglower?
A．Anxious. B．Disappointed.
C．Hopeful.D．Doubtful.
C 解析：
观点态度题。
根据文章的最后两段可知，老龄化社会也有有利的方面，如减少环境压力、保障能源供应等。
故选C。
8．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoDavidBrooks?
A．Thebirthratesallovertheworldarebecominglower.
B．Themostdevelopedcountrieshavehigherdeathrates.
C．Americaistheonlydevelopedcountrywithhigherbirthrates.
D．Birthrates’becominglowermeansagreatrisktoagingcountries.
D 解析：
细节理解题。
根据前三段可知，低出生率会导致社会老龄化，而老龄化国家会面临许多老人需要被照顾、年轻劳动力缺乏的巨大挑战。
故选D。
C
（2018·福建泉州检测）Weknowalotabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofreadingahard copybookvs.readingelectronically.Theproblemis,manyofusrefusetolisten.
Don’tgetmewrong:
Digitalreadinghassomerealadvantages.Askpeoplewhattheylikemostaboutreadingondigitalscreens,andyouhearoverandoveragainaboutconvenience.Morepointsfordigitalreading：
ebookstendtobecheaper.There’salsotheenvironmentalargument.Thinkofthetrees!
Yetthesoundnessofthiscaseisarguable.Theearthmetalstobuildereadersarenotjustrarebuthighlypoisonous.Andthinkaboutallthatenergyneededtorunserversandcoolingfans.Andremember,treesarearenewableresource.
Then,there’stheappealofahardcopy.Manypeoplepreferprintwhenreadingbothforpleasureandforschoolorwork.Drawingexamplesfrommyownresearch,someofthereasonsareaesthetic（美学的）.Othersinvolveasenseofaccomplishment,easeofannotation（“Icanwriteonthepages”）,andnavigation（“easytolocatewhereIwas”）.Meanwhile,Ihearabundantcomplaintsabouteyestrain（眼疲劳）andheadacheswhenusingscreens.
Muchofwhatstudentslikedaboutreadingprintinvolvedtheirminds.Theysay“it’seasiertofocus”.Somealsoacknowledgedtheytookmoretimewithprintedtextandreadmorecarefully.
Butwhatmakesthefailureofelectronicreadingisconcentration.Morethan92%ofthoseIsurveyedsaidtheyconcentratedbestwhenreadingahardcopy.WhenadigitaldevicehasanInternetconnection,it’shardtoresistthetemptation（诱惑）．
Soifdigitalinterruptionsdon’tthreatenyourenjoymentorunderstandingofatext,thenmediummaynotmatter.CasualreadinglikeDavidBaldacci?
Ifyoubreaktochecksportsscores,therewillbelittleharmdone.Butjustdon’texpecttounderstandJoyce’snovelsthisway.
【解题导语】 文章主要介绍了在网络高度发达的社会中，电子书愈来愈有替代纸质书的趋势，然而作者通过对比两者的优缺点表达了对纸质书的青睐。
9．Whatisanadvantageofreadingahardcopybook?
A．Itischeaper.
B．Itiseasiertocarryaround.
C．Ithelpspeoplethinkdeeper.
D．Itprovidesinstantinformation.
C 解析：
细节理解题。
根据文章第五段可知，读纸质书能让人更专注、更认真，因此思考更深入。
故选C项。
10．What’sthebiggestproblemofreadingdigitally?
A．Environmentalconcern.
B．Physicaldiscomfort.
C．Lackofconcentration.
D．Internetconnection.
C 解析：
细节理解题。
根据文章第六段中的第一句“Butwhatmakesthefailureofelectronicreadingisconcentration.”可知，电子书阅读的最大问题是缺乏专注。
故选C项。
11．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardereading?
A．Supportive.B．Disapproving.
C．Optimistic.D．Unconcerned.
B 解析：
推理判断题。
根据文章第三至六段尤其是最后一段可知，作者认为，如果电子阅读不会影响你阅读的愉悦感和对文本的理解，那么无可厚非。
但是读类似乔伊斯的作品时就不是合适的选择了。
由此可推测，作者对电子阅读持不赞成的态度。
故选B项。
12．Howisthepassagemainlydeveloped?
A．Byanalyzingpossiblereasons.
B．Byprovidingtypicalexamples.
C．Bylistingpracticalsuggestions.
D．Bypresentingdirectcomparisons.
D 解析：
推理判断题。
文章的第二段主要讲了电子书的好处，第三段讲了电子书的缺点，第四、五段主要讲了纸质书的益处，第六段讲了电子书的缺点。
因此整个文章是通过比较来写作的。
故选D项。
D
KungHeiFatChoymeansHappyNewYear!
WelcometoourChineseNewYear/LunarNewYearpages!
We’vegotahugecollectionoffunactivitiesforyoutoexploreandenjoywithyourkids,bothathomeorintheclassroom.Youcanlearnaboutthecurrentyear—YearoftheRooster—orjustenjoyourgeneralChineseNewYearcontent（includingoriginalcolouringpages,crafts,puzzles,worksheets,printablesofallsorts）．..butbewarned,there’sprobablyenoughheretolastyouuntilnextChineseNewYear!
NineAsiancountriescelebratetheLunarNewYearwithpublicholidaysandvariationsontheactivitiesyouwillfinddescribedbelow.About1/5oftheworld’spopulationwillbeenjoyingthefestival,andNewYear’sEveistheworld’sbiggestannualmigration,withover200millionpeoplemakingeveryefforttogethomeforabigcelebratorydinnerwiththeirextendedfamilies.
On16thFebruary2018wewelcomeinanewChineseNewYear,theYearoftheDog！
Forlotsofnewcolouringpages,puzzles,worksheetsandotherprintables,clickhere:
YearoftheDog.LotsNEW!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一个网页上关于中国新年的内容。
13．Wherewillthiswritingbefound?
A．OnTV.
B．Inanewspaper.
C．Inabooklet.
D．OntheInternet.
D 解析：
文章出处题。
根据文章第一段第二句和文章最后一句可推知，文章应该是出自网站上的一个网页。
故选D。
14．Whoisthewritingintendedfor?
A．Webpagedesigners.
B．Schoolteachers.
C．Folkcustomresearchers.
D．Studentsinthefirstgrade.
B 解析：
推理判断题。
根据第一段第三句可推知，这篇文章应是写给学校老师或学生父母的。
故选B。
15．Whichofthefollowingcausestheworld’sbiggestannualmigration?
A．NineAsiancountriescelebratetheLunarNewYear.
B．PeoplecelebrateChineseLunarNewYearwithpublicholidays.
C．Over
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