全国硕士研究生入学统一考试试题英语二.docx

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试试题英语二.docx

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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试试题英语二

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?

Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto1uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewill2tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3.

Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudents'willingnessto4themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone5eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?

Halfofthepenswould6anelectricshockwhenclicked.

Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.

The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13can backfire.

The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee says.In other words,don't read online comments.

1.A.resolve

B.protect

C.discuss

D.ignore

2.A.refuse

B.wait

C.seek

D.regret

3.A.rise

B.last

C.mislead

D.hurt

4.A.alert

B.tie

C.expose

D.treat

5.A.message

B.trial

C.review

D.concept

6.A.remove

B.weaken

C.deliver

D.interrupt

7.A.Unless

B.If

C.Though

D.When

8.A.happen

B.continue

C.disappear

D.change

9.A.ratherthan

B.suchas

C.regardlessof

D.owingto

10.A.disagree

B.forgive

C.forget

D.discover

11.A.pay

B.marriage

C.food

D.schooling

12.A.beginwith

B.reston

C.learnfrom

D.leadto

13.A.withdrawal

B.inquiry

C.persistence

D.diligence

14.A.self-destructive

B.self-reliant

C.self-evident

D.self-deceptive

15.A.resist

B.define

C.replace

D.trace

16.A.predict

B.overlook

C.design

D.conceal

17.A.remember

B.choose

C.promise

D.pretend

18.A.relief

B.plan

C.outcome

D.duty

19.A.whether

B.why

C.where

D.how

20.A.limitations

B.investments

C.strategies

D.consequences

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.

Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenbikechain?

AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.

Buthe’salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolsinthefamilyofvocationaleducation“havethatstereotype,thatit’sforkidswhocan’tmakeitacademically,”hesays.

Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica’sevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrigitfullyso.

Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall-andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless-missesanimportantpoint:

That’snottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneeds.Yes,abachelor’sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.

Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren’tequippedtodothem.Koziatek’sManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.

Koziatek’sschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation’sdiversityofgifts.

21.Abrokenbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents’lackof______.

A.mechanicalmemorization

B.academictraining

C.practicalability

D.pioneeringspirit

22.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho______.

A.arefinanciallydisadvantaged

B.arenotacademicallysuccessful

C.haveastereotypedmind

D.havenocareermotivation

23.WecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates______.

A.areentitledtomore“educationalprivileges

B.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing

C.usedtohavemorejobopportunities

D.usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns

24.Theheadlongpushintobachelor’sdegreesforall_____.

A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobs

B.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobs

C.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce

D.indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation

25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardKoziatek’sschoolcanbedescribedas_____.

A.supportive

B.disappointed

C.tolerant

D.cautious

Text2

Whilefossilfuels-coal,oil,gas-stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld'senergysupply,it'sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld:

Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.

SomegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedBusinesstofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoriesabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewables,especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteightyears.

Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.InScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead,notablyChinaandEurope,theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch,forthefirsttime,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS,reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.

PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels-especiallycoal-asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource,ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa,wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate'selectricitygeneration-andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.

The question “what happens when the wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn'tshine?

" has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage-capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowingaround theclock more likely.

 The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing bigbetsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarityon roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in comingyears.

 Whilethere'sa long way to go,the trend lines forrenewables are spiking. Thepace ofchange in energy sources appears to be speeding up perhaps:

 just in timetohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.What Washington does-ordoesn't do- to promote alternative energy may mean less and less a time ofaglobalshiftinthought.

26.Theword"plummeting"（Line3,Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto______

A.stabilizing

B.changing

C.falling

D.rising

27. According to Paragraph 3,the use of renewable energy inAmerica ______

A. is progressing notably

B. is as extensive as in Europe

C. faces many challenges

D. has proved to be impractical

28. It can be learned that in Iowa,______.

A. wind is a widely used energy source

B. wind energy has replaced fossil fuels

C. tech giants are investing in clean energy

D. there is a shortage of clean energy supply

29.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs5&6?

A.Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.

B.Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.

C.Itscontinuoussupplyisbecoming