全国硕士研究生入学统一考试试题英语二.docx

1、全国硕士研究生入学统一考试试题英语二2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painf

2、ul? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of four experiments, behavio

3、ral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The t

4、wist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified 7 leftaloneintheroom,thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewwhat

5、would 8 .Subsequentexperimentsreproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli, 9 thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.Thedriveto 10 isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor11 orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinc

6、t-itcan 12 newscientificadvances,forinstance-butsometimessuch 13 canbackfire. Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo 14 thingsisaprofoundone. Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto 15 ,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto 16 howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikely

7、to17toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe 18 offollowingthroughononescuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine 19 itisworththeendeavor.Thinkingaboutlong-term 20 iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity.Hseesays.Inotherwords,dontreadonlinecomments.1. A. resolveB. protectC. discu

8、ssD. ignore2.A. refuseB. waitC. seekD. regret3.A. riseB. lastC. misleadD. hurt4.A. alertB. tieC. exposeD .treat5.A. messageB. trialC. reviewD. concept6.A. removeB. weakenC. deliverD. interrupt7. A. UnlessB. IfC. ThoughD. When8. A. happenB. continueC. disappearD. change9. A. rather thanB. such asC. r

9、egardless ofD. owing to10. A. disagreeB. forgiveC. forgetD. discover11. A. payB. marriageC. foodD. schooling12.A. begin withB. rest onC. learn fromD. lead to13.A. withdrawalB. inquiryC. persistenceD. diligence14.A. self-destructiveB. self-reliantC. self-evidentD. self-deceptive15.A. resistB. defineC

10、. replaceD. trace16.A. predictB. overlookC. designD. conceal17. A. rememberB. chooseC. promiseD. pretend18. A. reliefB. planC. outcomeD. duty19.A. whetherB. whyC. whereD. how20. A .limitationsB. investmentsC. strategiesD. consequencesSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following f

11、our texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.

12、 He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike c

13、hain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But hes also found a kind of insidious pr

14、ejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype, that its for kids who cant make it academically,” he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of Americas evolution. Manufacturing is not the ec

15、onomic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rigitfully so.But the headlong push into bachelors degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anyth

16、ing less-misses an important point: Thats not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelors degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequate

17、ly trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs

18、most arent equipped to do them. Koziateks Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziateks school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nations diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students lack

19、of_.A. mechanical memorizationB. academic trainingC. practical abilityD. pioneering spirit22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who_.A. are financially disadvantagedB. are not academically successfulC. have a stereotyped mindD. have no career motivation23. We can infer

20、 from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates_.A. are entitled to more “educational privilegesB. are reluctant to work in manufacturingC .used to have more job opportunitiesD. used to have big financial concerns 24. The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all_.A. helps create a lot of middle-ski

21、ll jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD. indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The authors attitude toward Koziateks school can be described as_.A. supportiveB. disappointedC. tolerantD. cautiousText2While fossil fuels- coal, o

22、il, gas- still generate roughly 85 percent of the worlds energy supply, its clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.So

23、me growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted Business to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the stories about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one

24、-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is

25、 also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US ,reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels - especially coal - as the path to economic growth. I

26、n a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source, But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the states electricity generation - and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the av

27、ailability of clean energy to power their data centers.Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesntbloworthesundoesntshine?hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestorage-capacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowing aroundthe clockmorelikely.Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanuf

28、acturers,whoareplacingbig bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararity onroadsnow, thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincoming years. While theres alongwaytogo, thetrendlinesfor renewablesarespiking.The paceof changeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingupp

29、erhaps:justintime to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. WhatWashingtondoes-or doesntdo-topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatimeof a global shift in thought.26. The word plummeting(Line 3,Para.2) is closest in meaning to _A. stabilizing B. changing C. falling D. rising27.Acc

30、ordingtoParagraph3, theuseofrenewableenergyin America_A.isprogressingnotablyB.isasextensiveasinEuropeC.facesmanychallengesD.hasprovedtobeimpractical 28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,_.A.windisawidelyusedenergysourceB.windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuelsC.techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergyD.thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming