高考英语 阅读理解 培优练习含答案及答案1.docx

高考英语 阅读理解 培优练习含答案及答案1.docx

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高考英语阅读理解培优练习含答案及答案1

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   ResearchersinAustraliahavediscoveredaneffectivenewmethodtocapturetheatmosphericcarbondioxidethatisdamagingourplanetandtransformitintosomethingsolid,makingitmucheasiertostore.

   Carboncaptureisn'tnew,butpreviousmethodscallforthegastobecompressedintoliquidandtheninjectedunderground.Widespreadusageofthattechnologyhasbeenlockedbyeconomicandenvironmentalconcernsduetopossibleleaks.Instead,inastudypublishedinNatureCommunications,thegroupdetailstheirsustainableandcost-effectiveplanfortransformingCO2intocoal.

   Thisnewprocessinvolvesaliquidmetalcatalyst（催化剂）thatisefficientinconductingelectricity.CO2gasisdissolvedinacontainerwithsomeliquid.Onceelectricitychargeisintroduced,theCO2beginstoturnintosolidpiecesofcarbon,whichcanbecollectedandstored.

   Whatmakesthisparticularlyuniqueisthattheentireprocesscanoccuratroomtemperature.Previousexperimentshaveonlyshownagastosolidconversionatextremelyhightemperature,whichmadeitimpossibleonalargescale.Now,theresearchersarehopingthattheirworkwillbeusedtocreateevenfurtherwhenitcomestocarbonstorage.

   Inaninterestingsidebenefit,thesolidcarbonalsoworksasanelectrode（焊条）,whichopensupaworldofpossibilities."Asidebenefitoftheprocessisthatthecarboncanholdelectricalcharge,becomingasuperbattery,soitcouldpotentiallybeusedasapartinfuturevehicles,"explainsDr.DornaEstrafilzadeh,aresearcher."Theprocessalsoproducesfuelasaby-product,whichcouldalsohaveindustrialapplications."

（1）Whatcanweknowaboutthepreviouscarboncapturemethods?

A. Peoplehavetoinjectliquidtothegas.

B. Thepreviousmethodscanbedoneeasily.

C. Thepreviousmethodsarenotverypopular.

D. Peoplehavewidelyacceptedpreviousmethods.

（2）Whatisthespecialpartofthenewmethod?

A. Itneedselectricitytomaketheprocessefficient.

B. Itcanbedoneinanykindofcontainer.

C. Itdoesn'tneedextremetemperature.

D. Itcanproducemuchsolidcarbon.

（3）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A. Themethodwillmakefossiloildisappear.

B. Themethodwillinfluencethefutureindustry.

C. Themethodwillmakedevelopedcountriesmorepowerful.

D. Themethodwillbeusedtomakenewvehicles.

（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A. HowtochangecarbonintoCO2.

B. Anewcarboncapturetechnology.

C. Anewtechnologytogetusefulcarbon.

D. Australiamakestheworldcleanerthanbefore.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新的碳捕获技术的原理，优点和对未来工业的影响。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Widespreadusageofthattechnologyhasbeenlockedbyeconomicandenvironmentalconcernsduetopossibleleaks.”可知之前技术的广泛应用受到了经济和环境方面的限制。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Whatmakesthisparticularlyuniqueisthattheentireprocesscanoccuratroomtemperature.”可知新技术独特的地方是整个过程可以在室温条件下进行。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“whichopensupaworldofpossibilities；itcouldpotentiallybeusedasapartinfuturevehicles和whichcouldalsohaveindustrialapplications”可知这种技术的产物开辟了很多新的可能，可以被变成超级电池为未来车辆供能，过程中的副产品可以作为燃料应用到工业中，由此推测该技术会对未来的工业产生巨大影响。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“ResearchersinAustraliahavediscoveredaneffectivenewmethodtocapturetheatmosphericcarbondioxide”和下文讲述的内容可知，本文主要介绍了一种新的碳捕获方法的原理和优点及其影响。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Arecentstudyfindsthatthedirtonthegroundislikelytoworsenclimatechange.Researchershaveshownthatwarmertemperaturesareheatingthesoil,whichiscausingmicrobes（微生物）tobecomemoreactiveandreleasemoreofthesoil'scarbonintotheatmosphere.Thesesoilchangescanpotentiallycontributetoevenhighertemperatures.

   Scientistsstudieddevicereadings,soilmeasurements,plantgrowthdetailsandsatelliteobservationsfromaroundtheworld.Theirworkisthemostcompletestudyonthesubject.

   Theyfoundasharpincreaseincarbonreleasedintotheatmospherebybacteriaandfungi（真菌）insoilfrom1990to2014.Researchersexplainthatthecarboncomesfromthedeadplantsandleavesthemicrobeseat.Astemperaturesrise,themicrobeseatmore.Andthemoretheyeat,themorecarboncanbemadeintocarbondioxideandreleasedintotheatmosphere.

   Thisuncontrolledcyclespeedsupandintensifiesclimatechange.Overall,soilreleasesaboutninetimesmorecarbonthanhumanactivities.Butthatispartofanaturalcycle:

theamountofcarbonreleasedintotheairisaboutequaltothecarbonoceansandplantstakein.

   However,carbonreleasedfromfossilfuelcausesanimbalance.Burningcoal,oilandnaturalgasputsmorecarbonintotheatmospherethannaturecantakein.Theadditionalcarbonheatstheairandsoil.Andastheairandsoilgethotter,theearthwillreleasemorecarbonthanithasbeenholding.

   Ifsomethingisn'tdone,wearereallyintrouble.Propersoilconservationcanhelpkeepmorecarboninsoil.Conservationmethodsincludeavoidingturningthesoil,coveringoff-seasoncropsandleavingcropdepositsontheground.

（1）Whichwordcanbestdescribethescientists'researchdata?

A.Rich.

B.Rare.

C.Limited.

D.Difficult.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"intensifies"inParagraph4mean?

A.Causes.

B.Demands.

C.Strengthens.

D.Shows.

（3）Whatmainlycausesthesoil'stemperaturetorise?

A.Activebacteria.

B.Humanactivities.

C.Theoverusesofsoil.

D.Thewastesoffossilfuels.

（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.Warmersoilandmorecarbon.

B.Thesoilandtheenvironment.

C.Themicrobesandthetemperatures.

D.Hotterairandwarmerenvironment.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类燃烧燃料造成的土壤变化可能导致地球更高的温度。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Scientistsstudieddevicereadings,soilmeasurements,plantgrowthdetailsandsatelliteobservationsfromaroundtheworld.Theirworkisthemostcompletestudyonthesubject.”科学家们研究了来自世界各地的设备读数、土壤测量、植物生长细节和卫星观测数据。

他们的工作是对这一课题最全面的研究。

故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第四段中的“Thisuncontrolledcyclespeedsupandintensifiesclimatechange.”可知，and为并列连词，即intensifies应与之前的speedsup为同义词。

speedup意为“加速”，C项strengthen意为“加强；增强”可为同义词。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“However,carbonreleasedfromfossilfuelcausesanimbalance.Burningcoal,oilandnaturalgasputsmorecarbonintotheatmospherethannaturecantakein.Theadditionalcarbonheatstheairandsoil.Andastheairandsoilgethotter,theearthwillreleasemorecarbonthanithasbeenholding”然而，化石燃料释放的碳造成了不平衡。

燃烧煤炭、石油和天然气向大气中排放的碳超过了自然所能吸收的量。

额外的碳使空气和土壤升温。

随着空气和土壤变得越来越热，地球释放出的碳将超过它所承受的量。

可知，人类的一系列燃烧燃料的行为是土壤温度上升的主要原因。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“soilchangescanpotentiallycontributetoevenhighertemperatures.”中间段落进行阐述分析原因和结果。

末段提出了“Propersoilconservationcanhelpkeepmorecarboninsoil.”并提供了建议。

因此标题关键词需有soil,carbon等核心词。

A项Warmersoilandmorecarbon.符合分析。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Itstartedduringayogaclass.Shefeltastrangepullonherneck,afeelingcompletelyforeigntoher.Herfriendsuggestedsherushtotheemergencyroom.Itturnedoutthatshewashavingaheartattack.

   Shedidn'tsharesimilarsymptomswithsomeonewhowaslikelytohaveaheartattack.Sheexercised,watchedherplateanddidnotsmoke.Butonreviewinghermedicalhistory,Ifoundthathercholesterol（胆固醇）levelwassky-high.Shehadbeenprescribedacholesterol-loweringstatin（他汀）medication,butsheneverpickeduptheprescriptionbecauseofthescarythingsshehadreadaboutstatinsontheInternet.Shewasthevictimoffakemedicalnews.

   Whilemisinformationhasbeentheobjectofgreatattentioninpolitics,medicalmisinformationmightleadtoanincreaseindeaths.Asistruewithfakenewsingeneral,medicalliestendtospreadfurtherthantruthsontheInternet—andtheyhaveveryrealbadconsequences.

   Falsemedicalinformationcanalsoleadtopatientsexperiencinggreatersideeffectsthroughthe"noceboeffect（反安慰剂效应）".Sometimespatientsbenefitfromanintervention（干预）simplybecausetheybelievetheywill—that'stheplaceboeffect（安慰剂效应）.Thenoceboeffectistheopposite.Patientscanexperienceharmfuleffectsbecausetheyanticipatethem.Thisisverytrueofstatins.Inblindedtrials,patientswhogetstatinsarenomorelikelytoreportfeelingmuscleachesthanpatientswhogetaplacebo.Yet,inclinicalpractice,accordingtoonestudy,almostafifthofpatientstakingstatinsreportsideeffects,leadingmanytodiscontinuethedrugs.

   Whatelseisonthefakenewshitlist?

Asalways,vaccines（疫苗）.Falseconcernsthatthevaccinemaycausesideeffectshavegreatlyreducedcoveragerates.

   Cancerisanotherbigtargetforpushersofmedicalmisinformation—manyofwhomrefusealternativetherapies."Thoughmostpeoplethinkcancertumorsarebad,they'reactuallythewayyourbodyattemptstocontaintheharmfulcells,"onefakenewsstoryreads.Itwarnsthatprescriptionmedicationsleadtotheuncontrolledcellmutations（变异）.

   SiliconValleyneedstofacethisproblem.Iamnotafree-speechlawyer,butwhenhumanhealthisatrisk,perhapssearchengines,socialmediaplatformsandwebsitesshouldbeheldresponsibleforpromotingorhostingfakeinformation.Meanwhile,journalistsshoulddoabetterjobofspreadingaccurateinformation.

（1）WecanlearnfromParagraph2that________.

A. thewomanpaidlittleattentiontoherdailydiets

B. theunhealthylifestylemightleadtothewoman'sheartattack

C. thesymptomoftheheartattackwasfamiliartothewoman

D. thewomandidn'ttaketheprescriptionduetofakemedicalnews

（2）Accordingtothepassage,the