初中英语介词语法知识点总结讲义及答案.docx

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初中英语介词语法知识点总结讲义及答案.docx

初中英语介词语法知识点总结讲义及答案

初中英语

介词语法知识点总结

(WORD版本试题+名师解析答案,建议下载练习)

一、介词的概念

概念:

介词一般用于名词或代词前,表示该词与句中其他成分的关系。

IoftenreadEnglishinthemorning.Let’smeetatschool.

Heoftenplaysfootballwiththem.Thankyouforhelpingme.

二、介词的分类

(一)时间介词

(二)地点介词(三)其他介词

★★

(一)时间介词

in:

泛指的早中晚;月份;年份;;

inspring

inthetwenty-firstcentury

on:

某天的早中晚;某天(日期;周几);

onNewYear’sDayonweekendsonvacation

at:

具体的时刻;;

attheageof20

atnight/atChristmas

during:

在……期间(+时间段)

Sheliveswithusduringthesedays.Hevisitedhisauntduringtheholiday.

before:

在……以前

Ihavetogotobedbefore10:

00p.m.

after:

在……以后

Lilyoftenplaysbasketballafterschool.

单选

()1.Whatdoyouwanttodoweekends?

A.onB.overC.toD.in()2.Ilikeswimmingsummer.

A.onB.inC.atD.for()3.theageof26,Lilybecameawriter.

A.OnB.InC.ToD.At

()4.Jimlearnedtodrive___theholiday.

A.atB.duringC.toD.for

()5.HewenttoShanghaiJuly7,2013andcameback

acoldmorninglastyear.

A.in;onB.on;inC.on;onD.in;in

()6.Mymomoftentellsmetogobackhomedark(黄昏).

A.afterB.toC.beforeD.for

()7.Alotofpeoplearehere_vacationeveryyear.

A.ofB.onC.atD.with

★★

(二)地点介词

1.地点介词at,in,on

at:

“在……”(表一个点或小地方)

athomeatMr.Cool’sClothesStore

atthepoolatCentralPark

in:

“在……里”(表一个范围或大地方)inChinainBeijing

inthewaterinthepark

on:

“在……上”(表一个表面,并接触)ontheflooronthewall

对比这三个句子:

Theystoodatthedoorandwaited.

他们站在门口等着。

(站在门口那个点)There’saholeinthedoor.

门上有一个洞。

(从立体的角度看门上的洞)

He’sputtingupapictureonthedoor.

他正在把一幅画贴到门上。

(贴在门那个面上)

2.

表两地关系的方位介词in,on,to

AisthewestofB.AisthewestofB.AisthewestofB.

in:

在某一范围之内

GuangdongisinthesouthofChina.

on:

与某地是毗邻关系

Vietnam(越南)isonthesouthofChina.

to:

在某一范围之外(不接壤)JapanistotheeastofChina.

用in,on,to填空

1.HebeiisthenorthofGuangdong.

2.HebeiisthenorthofHenan.

3.HebeiisthenorthofChina.

4.SouthKorea(韩国)istheeastofChina.

5.HainanisthesouthofChina.

3.

在前面、在后面

在外部前面:

infrontof(=before)

在内部前面:

inthefrontof

在外部后面:

behind

在内部后面:

atthebackof

Eg:

Apersonisinfrontofthebus.

4.在上面:

on(接触):

Mybookisonthetable.

over(正上):

Thereisalightoverthedesk.above(泛指):

Weareflyingabovetheclouds.在下面:

beneath(接触):

Hispenisbeneaththebook.under(正下):

Aboyisstandingunderthetree.below(泛指):

Thecoatreachesbelowtheknees.

5.在中间:

between(在两者之间)(指地点或时间)LucyisbetweenMaryandKate.

Don’teatbetweenmeals.among(在三者或以上中间)

Lucyisamongthesegirls.

Thereisahouseamongthetrees.

6.穿过:

across:

从……表面穿过

Hewalkedacrosstheroad.Hecanswimacrosstheriver.

through:

从……中间穿过

Theywalkedthroughtheforest.

Ihavetogothroughthecrowd(人群).

7.在旁边:

nextto&beside&by

Lilyissittingnexttothewindow.Lilyissittingbesidethewindow.Lilyissittingbythewindow.

地点介词小结:

1.地点介词:

at,in,on

2.表两地关系的方位介词:

in,on,to

3.在前/后面:

infrontof,inthefrontof,behind,atthebackof

4.在上/下面:

on,over,above,beneath,under,below

5.在中间:

between,among

6.穿过:

across,through

7.在旁边:

nextto/beside/by

单选

()1.Walkdownthisstreet.You’llfindtheschoolthebank.

A.infrontofB.inthefrontof

C.inbackofD.atthebackof()2.—Wheredoyousit,Jane?

—IsitLinda.Sheisjustonmyleft.

A.nexttoB.infrontof

C.behindD.among

()3.Theaccidenthappened_7p.m.9p.m.

A.from;toB.between;to

C.from;andD.between;and

()4.Wecanseeariverrunningtotheeastthehill.

A.inB.belowC.overD.under

()5.Themoonlightgoes__thewindowandmakestheroombright.

A.acrossB.overC.throughD.in

★★(三)其他介词

1.with&without

with:

和……一起;带有;用Sheliveswithherparents.

Thisisahousewithbigwindows.Cutitwithaknife.

without:

没有

Thefishcan’tlivewithoutwater.

Hewenttoschoolwithoutbreakfast.

2.表“使用”时in,with,by的区别

in:

用语言

LiLeicansingthissonginEnglish.CanyoutellmethestoryinChinese?

with:

用具体有形的东西

Cutitwithaknife.

Hebrokethewindowwithastone.

by:

用……手段或方式

Hemakesalivingbyteaching.

Lucymadehersisterhappybysinging.

3.from“从……”

和to连用时,表“从……到……”,既可以表时间,也可以表地点。

Theshopisopenfrom8:

00to20:

00.HedrovefromBeijingtoZhengzhou.常用短语:

be/comefrom来自……

learnfrom向……学习

buy…from从……买…

4.to“到;朝向”

Hewalkstoschool.

Iamonthewaytothesupermarket.

常用短语:

listento听……

talkto跟……说话

writeto给……写信

taketo/bringto带到……去/带到……来

5.like“像;如同”What’stheweatherlike?

Whatdoeshelooklike?

常用短语:

soundlike听起来像……

looklike看起来像……

belike(内外)像……

其他介词小结:

1.with&without

with:

和……一起;带有;用

without:

没有

2.表“使用”时in,with,by的区别in:

用语言with:

用具体有形的东西

by:

用……手段或方式

3.from“从……”

4.to“到;朝向”

5.like“像;如同”

单选

()1.Themanabignoseisourmathteacher.

A.inB.withC.haveD.has()2.Hesatthereforalongtimedoinganything.

A.withoutB.noC.notD.to

()3.LiPingoftenpracticesEnglishchatting(聊天)withherAmericanfriends.

A.inB.withC.byD.for

()4.TonyandIaregoodfriends.Weusuallylearnaloteachother.

A.ofB.fromC.acrossD.with()5.Heworkseightinthemorningeightat

night.Soheisverytiredeveryday.

A.from;toB.from;atC.between;toD.at;to()6.ShelooksmyEnglishteacher.

A.toB.withC.likeD.from

三、介词搭配以及所作成分

(一)介词+名词

inspringonvacationatnight

此类型短语在句中可作:

1.(后置)定语:

ThenewsonTVtodayisexciting.

2.表语:

Mysisterisathome.

3.状语:

Lilyoftengetsupat6:

00a.m.(时间状语)HeworkedinChinalastyear.(地点状语)Tomgoestoschoolbybike.(方式状语)

(二)动词+介词

comefromlistentolooklike

此类型短语在句中可作:

谓语:

DavidcomesfromtheUSA.Sheislookingforherpen.

Iwrotetomyfriendyesterday.

(三)be+形容词+介词

beinterestedinbegoodatbestrictwithbelatefor

此类型短语在句中可作:

谓语:

IaminterestedinEnglish.Aliceisgoodatdancing.Ourteacherisstrictwithus.

四、课堂检测

一、单选

 

()1.Heoftengoesschoolhalfpastsixthemorning.

A.for;to;inB.to;at;in

C.to;for;atD.for;at;to

()2.Myparentsusuallytakeawalkdinnertokeephealthy.

A.atB.ofC.duringD.after()3.Wesleepthenightandworkintheday.

A.onB.atC.duringD.for

()4.AmericaisthesouthofCanadaand_theeastofJapan.

A.to;inB.on;toC.on;onD.in;beside()5.—Whatdoyouoftendo_classestorelaxyourself?

—Listentomusic.

A.overB.amongC.betweenD.through

()6.Hisgradeintheexamputhimthetopstudentsinhisclass.

A.betweenB.overC.amongD.above

()7.Theyoungmenwalked_theforestandcametoabigriveratlast.

A.throughB.acrossC.overD.on()8.Becarefulwhenyouwalkthestreet.

A.throughB.acrossC.underD.over()9.—Whyareyoustandingthere,Lucy?

—Ican’tseetheblackboardclearly.Twotallboysaresittingme.

A.behindB.infrontof

C.besideD.nextto()10.Thepayphoneisthelibrary.

A.nextB.acrossC.betweenD.behind()11.Thereisabridgetheriver.

A.onB.underC.overD.in

()12.Wecouldn’tfinishourworksoearlyyourhelp.

A.withoutB.withC.forD.by

 

()13.Nextthehotelisabighouseabeautifulgarden.

A./;andB.with;toC.with;andD.to;with

()14.SheisLondon.Shelikesbreadbreakfast.

A.from;forB.to;toC.of;forD.from;to()15.JaneandMariaaregoingBeijingtomorrow.

A.inB.toC.ofD.with()16.—What’syourteacher__?

—Sheisalwaysstrictus.

A.like;inB.like;with

C.look;toD.look;with()17.—Howdoyoustudyforatest?

—workingwithfriends.

A.ByB.WithC.OnD.In

二、填空

18.Fruitandvegetablesaregoodourhealth.

19.Hewonthe2012NobelPrizetheageof57.

20.Theworkersbuiltanewrailroadthetwocities.

21.HearrivedBeijingarainymorning.

22.Icouldn’tdoityourgreathelp.Thanksalot!

三、用介词短语进行翻译

23.在冬天

24.在暑假期间

25.在这些男孩中

26.一杯加糖的牛奶

27.穿过窗户四、翻译句子

28.黑板在教室的前边。

29.他每天通过跑步来锻炼身体。

30.咱们去帮助那位老人过马路吧!

 

【参考答案】

二、介词的分类

(一)时间介词

in:

季节;世纪on:

节假日at:

年龄;固定搭配单选:

1—5:

ABDBC6—7:

CB

(二)地点介词

2.表两地关系的方位介词in,on,to

in;on;to

用in,on,to填空:

to;on;in;to;in

单选:

1—5:

AADBC

(三)其他介词

单选:

1—6:

BACBAC四、课堂检测

一、

1—5:

BDCBC6—10:

CABBD

11—15:

CADAB16—17:

BA

二、

18.for19.at20.between

21.in;on22.without

三、

23.inwinter24.duringthesummervacation

25.amongtheseboys26.aglassofmilkwithsugar

27.throughthewindow

四、

28.Theblackboardisinthefrontoftheclassroom.

29.Heexercisesbyrunningeveryday.

30.Let’shelpthatoldmangoacrosstheroad!

 

 

一、单选

介词拔高课(作业)

()1.Youshouldwashyourhandseatingfood.

A.afterB.beforeC.duringD.in()2.Thereisapostofficethebank.

A.nextB.inthefrontC.atbackofD.beside()3.Johndoeshisexercisesseventheevening.

A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on

()4.Childrenwakeup(醒来)veryearlythemorningofChristmasDay.

A.inB.onC.forD.at()5.Hestudieshardschoolandhewantstostudy

Americasomeday.

A.in;inB.at;inC.at;atD.in;to

()6.Mr.Wangarrived_No.3MiddleSchoolhalfanhourago.

A.atB.inC.toD./()7.AmericaliestheeastofChina.

A.onB.toC.inD.with

()8.JiangsuistheeastofChina,butJapanistheeastofChina.

A.to;inB.in;toC.on;toD.to;on()9.Theriverrunsthecity.

A.acrossB.throughC.overD.from()10.Twoplanesareflyingthecity.

A.throughB.overC.onD.below

()11.Thepolicestationistheclothingshopthepostoffice.

A.near;ofB.on;right

C.among;andD.between;and

()12.—Wouldyoupleaseshowmethewaythebank?

—Yes,gostraightahead.It’soppositeaschool.

A.inB.forC.withD.to

()13.Chinesedoctorsbelievethatweshouldeatmoreyinf

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